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锛堜笁锛夋哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氬急姘у寲鍔�(Fehling 瑭﹀姂銆乀ollens 瑭﹀姂)銆佸挤(qi谩ng)姘у寲鍔戯紱
锛堝洓锛夐倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng):鍌寲鍔犳矮銆佺敤姘寲閶侀嫲閭勫師銆佺敤纭兼矮鍖栭垑閭勫師銆佺暟涓欓唶閶侀倓鍘�銆�
C=O 閭勫師鎴� CH2銆侀噾灞倓鍘�锛�
锛堜簲锛夋鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傞啗閰殑鍒跺倷鑸囬憭鍒�銆�
鍗佷竴銆佹尝璀滃垎鏋�
锛堜竴锛夌磪澶栧厜璀�:鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆傚畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鐨勭壒寰佸惛鏀�銆傝瓬鍦栧垎鏋愩€�
锛堜簩锛夋牳纾佸叡鎸�:鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆傚睆钄芥晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱�锛岃嚜鏃嬪伓鍚�-瑁傚垎銆�
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HNMR 鍦栬瓬鍒嗘瀽銆�
鍗佷簩銆佺晶閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿
锛堜竴锛夌晶閰革細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�銆傜墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�
1銆侀吀鎬�锛�
2銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勭敓鎴�锛岃Κ鏍稿姞鎴�-娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭紱
3銆侀倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
4銆佽劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
5銆佄� -姘師瀛愮殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆備簩鍏冪晶閰稿強伪 -缇ュ熀閰�銆傜晶閰哥殑鍒跺倷鑸囬憭鍒�銆�
锛堜簩锛夌晶閰歌鐢熺墿锛氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�銆傜墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�
1銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勭浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鍖栵紱
2銆佽垏鏈夋(j墨)閲戝爆鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
3銆侀倓鍘�锛�
4銆侀叞鑳虹殑 Hofmann 闄嶇礆(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
锛堜笁锛夌⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�:
1銆佺⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙:绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸舰鎴�銆佺┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
2銆侀叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
3銆佷箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰�銆佷笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰強椤炰技鍖栧悎鐗╃殑伪 -姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�:
鑸囬沟浠ｇ兇鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠�銆佽垏缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑瑕牳鍔犳垚-娑堥櫎銆佽垏缇板熀鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴�銆�
鍗佷笁銆佸惈姘寲鍚堢墿
锛堜竴锛夌鍩哄寲鍚堢墿锛氬垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚嶃€傜墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�
1銆佽垏鍫夸綔鐢�锛�
2銆侀倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
3銆佺鍩哄皪(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婂叾瀹冨彇浠ｅ熀鐨勫奖闊�銆傚埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆�
锛堜簩锛夎兒锛氬垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚嶃€傜墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�
1銆佸牽鎬э紱
2銆佺兇鍩哄寲锛�
3銆侀湇澶浖娑堥櫎锛�
4銆�?锛涱姮?锛�
5銆佽垏浜炵閰稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
6銆佽垏閱涢叜鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
7銆佽姵鑳虹殑鐗规畩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鑸囦簽纭濋吀浣滅敤銆佹哀鍖�銆佽姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))銆傚閵ㄩ菇銆�
瀛ｉ姩鍫�銆傝兒鐨勫埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆�
锛堜笁锛夐噸姘拰鍋舵爱鍖栧悎鐗╋細閲嶆爱鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄噸姘菇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
鍋跺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄噸姘敳鐑�銆�
鍗佸洓銆侀洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃姵棣欐€�銆備簲鍏冨柈闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�(鍛嬪杻銆佸櫥鍚┿€佸悺鍜�)锛氱墿鐞�
鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)(瑕浕鍙栦唬銆佸姞鎴�銆佺壒娈婂弽鎳�(y墨ng))銆傚叚鍏冨柈闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋紙鍚″暥锛夛細鐗�
鎬�銆佸寲鎬�(鍙栦唬銆佸急鍫挎€�銆佹哀鍖栬垏閭勫師)銆�
鍗佷簲銆佺⒊姘村寲鍚堢墿
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鍗佸叚銆佹皑鍩洪吀銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)銆佹牳閰�
锛堜竴锛夋皑鍩洪吀锛氬垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕銆傚叐鎬�銆佺瓑闆婚粸(di菐n)銆傚弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸悎鎴�銆�
锛堜簩锛夊鑲�銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)銆佹牳閰哥啊(ji菐n)浠嬨€�
浜�銆佹槸鍚﹂渶浣跨敤瑷�(j矛)绠楀櫒
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
