鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞达紱鍧囨彁渚涙敹璨讳笅杓�銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
涓湅绉戝(xu茅)闄㈠ぇ瀛�(xu茅)纰╁+鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│ 銆婃祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│澶х侗 涓€銆佽€冭│绉戠洰鍩烘湰瑕佹眰鍙婇仼鐢ㄨ寖鍦嶆杩� 鏈祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│澶х侗閬╃敤浜庝腑鍦嬬瀛�(xu茅)闄㈠ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍔涘(xu茅)灏堟キ(y猫)鐨勭ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│銆傛祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)鏄従(xi脿n)浠e姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨� 閲嶈鍒嗘敮锛屾槸瑷卞瀛�(xu茅)绉戝皥妤�(y猫)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)鐞嗚珫瑾茬▼锛屾湰绉戠洰鐨勮€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛富瑕佸寘鎷祦楂旂殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佹祦楂旈亱鍕曞(xu茅)銆� 鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍜岄潨鍔涘(xu茅)锛岀劇绮樹笉鍙绺�銆佸彲澹撶府娴佸嫊锛岀矘鎬т笉鍙绺祦鍕曞強婀嶆祦銆佹祦楂旀尝鍕曞拰鏃嬫甫鐞嗚珫绛夋柟闈€€� 瑕佹眰鑰冪敓灏嶅叾鍩烘湰姒傚康鏈夎純娣卞叆鐨勪簡瑙�锛岃兘澶犵啛绶村湴鎺屾彙鍩烘湰鏂圭▼鐨勬帹灏�(d菐o)锛屽苟鍏锋湁缍滃悎閬嬬敤鎵€瀛�(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨鍒嗘瀽 鍟忛鍜岃В姹哄晱椤岀殑鑳藉姏銆� 浜�銆佽€冭│褰㈠紡 鑰冭│閲囩敤闁夊嵎绛嗚│褰㈠紡锛岃€冭│鏅傞枔鐐� 180 鍒嗛悩锛岃│鍗锋豢鍒� 150 鍒�銆� 瑭﹀嵎绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氬垽鏂烽(20 鍒�)銆佺啊绛旈(60 鍒�)銆佽▓绠楅(70 鍒�) 涓夈€佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細 锛堜竴锛� 娴侀珨鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛) 鍥烘恫姘i珨鐨勫畯瑙€鎬ц唱(zh矛)鑸囧井瑙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岄€g簩(x霉)浠嬭唱(zh矛)鍋囪ō(sh猫)鍙婂叾閬╃敤姊濅欢锛屾祦楂旂殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)(绮樻€�銆佸彲澹撶府鎬ц垏 鐔辫啫鑴规€�銆佽几閬嬫€ц唱(zh矛)銆佽〃闈㈠嫉鍔涜垏姣涚窗鐝�(xi脿n)璞�) 锛岃唱(zh矛)閲忓姏鑸囪〃闈㈠姏銆� 锛堜簩锛� 娴侀珨閬嬪嫊瀛�(xu茅) 娴侀珨閬嬪嫊鐨勬弿杩�(鎷夋牸鏈楁棩鎻忚堪鑸囨瓙鎷夋弿杩板強鍏堕枔鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯�銆佺墿璩�(zh矛)灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鑸囬毃楂斿皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)銆佽贰绶�銆佹祦绶氬強鑴堢窔)锛� 娴佸牬涓殑閫熷害鍒嗚В锛屾甫閲忥紝娓﹂噺鍫�锛屾甫绶氥€佹甫绠�銆佹甫閫氶噺锛屾甫绠″挤搴﹀強瀹堟亽瀹氱悊銆� 锛堜笁锛� 娴侀珨鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅) 閫g簩(x霉)鎬ф柟绋�(闆疯杓搁亱瀹氱悊)锛屽嫊閲忔柟绋�(娴侀珨鐨勫彈鍔涖€佹噳(y墨ng)鍔涘嫉閲�)锛岃兘閲忔柟绋�(鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)瀹氬緥)锛屾湰妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛� 鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼锛屾祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)鏂圭▼绲勫強瀹氳В姊濅欢锛屾浜ゆ洸绶氬潗妯欑郴锛岄噺缍卞垎鏋愯垏娴佸嫊鐩镐技鐞嗚珫锛屾祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)涓殑 鐒¢噺缍遍噺鍙婂叾鐗╃悊鎰忕京銆佺浉浼煎師鐞嗙殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆� 锛堝洓锛� 娴侀珨闈滃姏瀛�(xu茅) 鎺у埗鏂圭▼锛屾恫楂旈潨鍔涘(xu茅)瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛岃嚜鐢遍潰鐨勫舰鐙€锛岄潪鎱f€у潗妯欑郴涓殑闈滄娑查珨銆� 锛堜簲锛� 鐒$矘娴佸嫊鐨勪竴鑸悊璜� 鐒$矘娴佸嫊鐨勬帶鍒舵柟绋�锛孊ernoulli 鏂圭▼锛孊ernoulli 鏂圭▼鍜屽嫊閲忓畾鐞嗙殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆� 锛堝叚锛� 鐒$矘涓嶅彲澹撶府娴侀珨鐨勭劇鏃嬫祦鍕� 鎺у埗鏂圭▼鍙婂畾瑙f浠�锛屽嫝鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍙婄劇鏃嬫祦鍕曠殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屽钩闈㈠畾甯哥劇鏃嬫祦鍕�(娴佸嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆佹簮鍖�銆侀粸娓�銆佸伓妤靛瓙銆� 閺″儚娉�銆佷繚瑙掕畩鎻�)锛岀劇鏃嬭桓灏嶇ū娴佸嫊锛岄潪瀹氬父鐒℃棆娴佸嫊銆� 锛堜竷锛� 娑查珨琛ㄩ潰娉� 鎺у埗鏂圭▼(灏忔尟骞呮按娉�) 鍙婂畾瑙f浠讹紝骞抽潰鍠壊娉�锛屾按娉㈢殑鑹叉暎鍜岀兢閫熷害锛屾按娉㈢殑鑳介噺鍙婂叾鍌宠几锛岄€� 搴﹁垏澹撳姏鍫寸壒鎬э紝琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏娉㈠強鍒嗗堡娴侀珨鐨勯噸鍔涘収(n猫i)娉�锛岄潪绶氭€ф按娉㈢悊璜栥€� 锛堝叓锛� 鏃嬫甫閬嬪嫊 娓﹂噺鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)鏂圭▼鍜屾甫閲忕殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢燂紝娓﹂噺鍫�(绌洪枔鐗规€�銆佹檪闁撶壒鎬�)锛屽吀鍨嬬殑娓︽ā鍨�銆� 锛堜節锛� 绮樻€т笉鍙绺祦鍕� 鎺у埗鏂圭▼鍙婂畾瑙f浠�锛屽畾甯哥殑骞宠鍓垏娴佸嫊(Couette 娴佸嫊銆丳oiseuille 娴佸嫊绛�)锛岄潪瀹氬父鐨勫钩琛屽壀鍒� 娴佸嫊(Stokes 绗竴鍜岀浜屽晱椤�銆佺閬撴祦鍕曠殑璧峰嫊鍟忛)锛屽湏灏嶇ū鐨勫钩闈㈢矘鎬ф祦鍕�(鍦撴煴 Couette 娴佸強鍏� 璧峰嫊閬庣▼)锛屽皬闆疯鏁�(sh霉)绮樻€ф祦鍕�銆� 锛堝崄锛� 灞ゆ祦閭婄晫灞ゅ拰婀嶆祦 閭婄晫灞ょ殑姒傚康锛屽堡娴侀倞鐣屽堡鏂圭▼(Blasius 骞虫澘閭婄晫灞�)锛岄倞鐣屽堡鐨勫垎闆�锛屾箥娴佺殑鐧�(f膩)鐢�锛屽堡娴佸埌婀嶆祦鐨� 杞�(zhu菐n)鎹╋紝闆疯鏂圭▼鍜岄浄璜炬噳(y墨ng)鍔�銆� 锛堝崄涓€锛� 鐒$矘鍙绺祦鍕� 鑱查€熷拰棣但鏁�(sh霉)锛岃啫鑴规尝銆佸急澹撶府娉㈢殑褰㈡垚鍙婂叾鐗归粸锛屼竴缍瓑鐔垫祦(瀹氬父鍜岄潪瀹氬父)锛屾縺娉�(姝f縺娉㈠拰鏂� 婵€娉�)锛屾媺鐡︾埦鍣寸娴佸嫊鐨勭壒寰�銆� 鍥�銆佽€冭│瑕佹眰锛� 锛堜竴锛� 娴侀珨鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛) (1) 浜嗚В鍥烘恫姘i珨鐨勫畯瑙€鎬ц唱(zh矛)鑸囧井瑙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾繁鍏ョ悊瑙e苟鎺屾彙閫g簩(x霉)浠嬭唱(zh矛)鍋囪ō(sh猫)鍙婂叾閬╃敤姊濅欢銆� (2) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙娴侀珨鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛屼簡瑙f瘺绱扮従(xi脿n)璞�銆� 锛堜簩锛� 娴侀珨閬嬪嫊瀛�(xu茅) (1) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙娴侀珨閬嬪嫊鐨勫叐绋弿杩般€佺墿璩�(zh矛)灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鑸囬毃楂斿皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�銆� (2) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙璺$窔銆佹祦绶氬強鑴堢窔鐨勬蹇�銆佺墿鐞嗘剰缇╁強姹傛硶銆� (3) 鎺屾彙閫熷害鍕㈢殑姒傚康鍙婃暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鎻忚堪锛屾帉鎻℃祦鍫翠腑鐨勯€熷害鍒嗚В鏂规硶 (4) 鐞嗚В骞舵帉鎻℃甫閲忓強瀹堟亽瀹氬緥锛屼簡瑙f甫绶氥€佹甫绠�銆佹甫閫氶噺锛屾甫绠″挤搴︾瓑姒傚康銆� 锛堜笁锛� 娴侀珨鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅) (1) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙閫g簩(x霉)鎬ф柟绋嬨€佸嫊閲忔柟绋嬪拰鑳介噺鏂圭▼鐨勬帹灏�(d菐o)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆� (2) 鎺屾彙鏈(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯诲強鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼銆� (3) 鎺屾彙娴侀珨鍔涘(xu茅)鏂圭▼绲勫強瀹氳В姊濅欢锛屼簡瑙f浜ゆ洸绶氬潗妯欑郴涓嬬殑娴侀珨鍔涘(xu茅)鏂圭▼绲勩€� (4) 鎺屾彙閲忕侗鍒嗘瀽鑸囨祦鍕曠浉浼肩悊璜栫殑姒傚康锛岀啛绶存帉鎻¢浄璜炬暩(sh霉)鐨勫畾缇╁拰鎰忕京銆� 锛堝洓锛� 娴侀珨闈滃姏瀛�(xu茅) (1) 鐞嗚В骞舵帉鎻¢潨鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰鎺у埗鏂圭▼銆� (2) 鎺屾彙娑查珨闈滃姏瀛�(xu茅)瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�(鑷敱闈㈢殑褰㈢媭锛岄潪鎱f€у潗妯欑郴涓殑闈滄娑查珨)銆� 锛堜簲锛� 鐒$矘娴佸嫊鐨勪竴鑸悊璜� (1) 鎺屾彙鐒$矘娴佸嫊鐨勬帶鍒舵柟绋嬬殑鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆� (2) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙 Bernoulli 鏂圭▼鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)锛岄潏娲婚亱鐢� Bernoulli 鏂圭▼鍜屽嫊閲忓畾鐞�銆� 锛堝叚锛� 鐒$矘涓嶅彲澹撶府娴侀珨鐨勭劇鏃嬫祦鍕� (1) 鐞嗚В骞舵帉鎻℃帶鍒舵柟绋嬪強瀹氳В姊濅欢銆佸嫝鍑芥暩(sh霉)姒傚康鍙婄劇鏃嬫祦鍕曠殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆� (2) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙骞堕潏娲婚亱鐢ㄥ钩闈㈠畾甯哥劇鏃嬫祦鍕曞熀鏈蹇靛強鏂规硶(娴佸嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆佹簮鍖�銆侀粸娓�銆佸伓妤靛瓙銆侀彙鍍忔硶銆� 淇濊璁婃彌)銆� (3) 浜嗚В鐒℃棆杌稿皪绋辨祦鍕曪紝闈炲畾甯哥劇鏃嬫祦鍕�銆� 锛堜竷锛� 娑查珨琛ㄩ潰娉� (1) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙灏忔尟骞呮按娉㈢殑鎺у埗鏂圭▼鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)鍙婂畾瑙f浠� (2) 鎺屾彙骞抽潰鍠壊娉€€佹按娉㈢殑鑹叉暎鍜岀兢閫熷害绛夋蹇�锛屼簡瑙f按娉㈢殑鑳介噺鍙婂叾鍌宠几?sh霉)鎸犲瑤?锛岄€熷害鑸囧鍔涘牬 鐗规€�銆� (3) 浜嗚В琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏娉㈠強鍒嗗堡娴侀珨鐨勯噸鍔涘収(n猫i)娉�銆侀潪绶氭€ф按娉㈢悊璜�銆� 锛堝叓锛� 鏃嬫甫閬嬪嫊 (1) 鎺屾彙娓﹂噺鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)鏂圭▼鍜屾甫閲忕殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢� (2) 鐔熸倝娓﹂噺鍫寸殑鍩烘湰绌洪枔鐗规€с€佹檪闁撶壒鎬�锛屼簡瑙e吀鍨嬬殑娓︽ā鍨�(榛炴甫銆佽槶閲戞甫銆佸ェ妫甫銆佹嘲鍕掓甫)銆� 锛堜節锛� 绮樻€т笉鍙绺祦鍕� (1) 鐞嗚В涓嶅彲澹撶府娴侀珨妯″瀷鍙婂叾鍒ゅ垾姊濅欢锛屾帉鎻℃帶鍒舵柟绋嬬殑鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)鍙婂畾瑙f浠躲€� (2) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙骞堕潏娲婚亱鐢ㄥ畾甯哥殑骞宠鍓垏娴佸嫊鍟忛(Couette 娴佸嫊銆丳oiseuille 娴佸嫊绛�)銆� (3) 鎺屾彙闈炲畾甯哥殑骞宠鍓垏娴佸嫊鍟忛(Stokes 绗竴鍜岀浜屽晱椤�銆佺閬撴祦鍕曠殑璧峰嫊绛�)锛屽湏灏嶇ū鐨勫钩闈㈢矘 鎬ф祦鍕�(鍦撴煴 Couette 娴佸強鍏惰捣鍕曢亷绋�)锛屽皬闆疯鏁�(sh霉)绮樻€ф祦鍕�銆� 锛堝崄锛� 灞ゆ祦閭婄晫灞ゅ拰婀嶆祦 (1) 鎺屾彙閭婄晫灞ょ殑姒傚康銆� (2) 鎺屾彙灞ゆ祦閭婄晫灞ゆ柟绋嬫帹灏�(d菐o)(Blasius 骞虫澘閭婄晫灞�) (3) 浜嗚В閭婄晫灞ょ殑鍒嗛洟锛屾箥娴佺殑鐧�(f膩)鐢燂紝灞ゆ祦鍒版箥娴佺殑杞�(zhu菐n)鎹�銆� (4) 鎺屾彙鑴堝嫊閫熷害銆佸钩鍧囬€熷害銆佺灛鏅傛祦鍫淬€佸钩鍧囨祦鍫�銆侀浄璜惧钩鍧囨柟绋嬬瓑鍩烘湰姒傚康 锛堝崄涓€锛� 鐒$矘鍙绺祦鍕� (1) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙鑱查€熷拰棣但鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇点€� (2) 鎺屾彙鑶ㄨ劰娉�銆佸急澹撶府娉㈢殑褰㈡垚鍙婂叾鐗归粸銆� (3) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙瀹氬父涓€缍瓑鐔垫祦鐨勫垎鏋愬強瑷堢畻锛屼簡瑙i潪瀹氬父涓€缍瓑鐔垫祦鐨勫垎鏋愬強瑷堢畻銆� (4) 娣卞叆鐞嗚В婵€娉�(姝f縺娉㈠拰鏂滄縺娉�)鐨勬垚鍥犲強婵€娉㈤棞(gu膩n)绯诲紡锛屼簡瑙f媺鐡︾埦鍣寸娴佸嫊鐨勭壒寰�銆� 浜�銆佷富瑕佸弮鑰冩浉鐩細 1. 銆婃祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)銆� 鑾婄Ξ璩� 灏瑰崝(xi茅)閬� 棣殙鎻氳憲锛屼腑鍦嬬瀛�(xu茅)鎶€琛�(sh霉)澶у(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�2009 骞寸増鏈� 2. 銆婃祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)銆嬶紙涓婁笅鍐婏級 鍚虫湜涓€绶ㄨ憲锛屽寳浜ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�2010 骞寸増鏈� 绶ㄥ埗鍠綅锛氫腑鍦嬬瀛�(xu茅)闄㈠ぇ瀛�(xu茅) 绶ㄥ埗鏃ユ湡锛�2013 骞� 6 鏈� 27 鏃�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄わ紝鍙︼細鏈枃鍍呬唬琛ㄤ綔鑰呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬с€佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵︾浉闂�(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
|