|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞达紱鍧囨彁渚涙敹璨�(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
涓湅(gu贸)绉戝(xu茅)闄㈠ぇ瀛�(xu茅)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│
銆婃祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│澶х侗
涓€銆佽€冭│绉戠洰鍩烘湰瑕佹眰鍙婇仼鐢ㄨ寖鍦嶆杩�
鏈祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│澶х侗閬╃敤浜庝腑鍦�(gu贸)绉戝(xu茅)闄㈠ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍔涘(xu茅)灏堟キ(y猫)鐨勭ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│銆傛祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)鏄従(xi脿n)浠ｅ姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨�
閲嶈鍒嗘敮锛屾槸瑷卞瀛�(xu茅)绉戝皥妤�(y猫)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)鐞嗚珫瑾茬▼锛屾湰绉戠洰鐨勮€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛富瑕佸寘鎷祦楂旂殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佹祦楂旈亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)瀛�(xu茅)銆�
鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍜岄潨鍔涘(xu茅)锛岀劇(w煤)绮樹笉鍙绺€佸彲澹撶府娴佸嫊(d貌ng)锛岀矘鎬т笉鍙绺祦鍕�(d貌ng)鍙婃箥娴併€佹祦楂旀尝鍕�(d貌ng)鍜屾棆娓︾悊璜栫瓑鏂归潰銆�
瑕佹眰鑰冪敓灏�(du矛)鍏跺熀鏈蹇垫湁杓冩繁鍏ョ殑浜嗚В锛岃兘澶犵啛绶村湴鎺屾彙鍩烘湰鏂圭▼鐨勬帹灏�(d菐o)锛屽苟鍏锋湁缍滃悎閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦ墍瀛�(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鍒嗘瀽
鍟�(w猫n)椤屽拰瑙ｆ焙鍟�(w猫n)椤岀殑鑳藉姏銆�
浜�銆佽€冭│褰㈠紡
鑰冭│閲囩敤闁夊嵎绛嗚│褰㈠紡锛岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撶偤 180 鍒嗛悩锛岃│鍗锋豢鍒� 150 鍒�銆�
瑭﹀嵎绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氬垽鏂烽(20 鍒�)銆佺啊(ji菐n)绛旈(60 鍒�)銆佽▓(j矛)绠楅(70 鍒�)
涓�銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細
锛堜竴锛� 娴侀珨鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
鍥烘恫姘ｉ珨鐨勫畯瑙€鎬ц唱(zh矛)鑸囧井瑙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岄€ｇ簩(x霉)浠嬭唱(zh矛)鍋囪ō(sh猫)鍙婂叾閬╃敤姊濅欢锛屾祦楂旂殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)(绮樻€�銆佸彲澹撶府鎬ц垏
鐔辫啫鑴规€�銆佽几閬�(y霉n)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佽〃闈㈠嫉鍔涜垏姣涚窗(x矛)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�) 锛岃唱(zh矛)閲忓姏鑸囪〃闈㈠姏銆�
锛堜簩锛� 娴侀珨閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)瀛�(xu茅)
娴侀珨閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勬弿杩�(鎷夋牸鏈楁棩鎻忚堪鑸囨瓙鎷夋弿杩板強鍏堕枔鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯汇€佺墿璩�(zh矛)灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鑸囬毃楂斿皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)銆佽贰绶�銆佹祦绶氬強鑴堢窔)锛�
娴佸牬(ch菐ng)涓殑閫熷害鍒嗚В锛屾甫閲�锛屾甫閲忓牬(ch菐ng)锛屾甫绶�銆佹甫绠°€佹甫閫氶噺锛屾甫绠″挤(qi谩ng)搴﹀強瀹堟亽瀹氱悊銆�
锛堜笁锛� 娴侀珨鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)
閫ｇ簩(x霉)鎬ф柟绋�(闆疯杓搁亱(y霉n)瀹氱悊)锛屽嫊(d貌ng)閲忔柟绋�(娴侀珨鐨勫彈鍔涖€佹噳(y墨ng)鍔涘嫉閲�)锛岃兘閲忔柟绋�(鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)瀹氬緥)锛屾湰妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紝
鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼锛屾祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)鏂圭▼绲勫強瀹氳В姊濅欢锛屾浜ゆ洸绶氬潗妯�(bi膩o)绯伙紝閲忕侗鍒嗘瀽鑸囨祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐩镐技鐞嗚珫锛屾祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)涓殑
鐒�(w煤)閲忕侗閲忓強鍏剁墿鐞嗘剰缇�銆佺浉浼煎師鐞嗙殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
锛堝洓锛� 娴侀珨闈滃姏瀛�(xu茅)
鎺у埗鏂圭▼锛屾恫楂旈潨鍔涘(xu茅)瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶紝鑷敱闈㈢殑褰㈢媭锛岄潪鎱ｆ€у潗妯�(bi膩o)绯讳腑鐨勯潨姝㈡恫楂�銆�
锛堜簲锛� 鐒�(w煤)绮樻祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勪竴鑸悊璜�
鐒�(w煤)绮樻祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勬帶鍒舵柟绋�锛孊ernoulli 鏂圭▼锛孊ernoulli 鏂圭▼鍜屽嫊(d貌ng)閲忓畾鐞嗙殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
锛堝叚锛� 鐒�(w煤)绮樹笉鍙绺祦楂旂殑鐒�(w煤)鏃嬫祦鍕�(d貌ng)
鎺у埗鏂圭▼鍙婂畾瑙ｆ浠�锛屽嫝(sh矛)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍙婄劇(w煤)鏃嬫祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛屽钩闈㈠畾甯哥劇(w煤)鏃嬫祦鍕�(d貌ng)(娴佸嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆佹簮鍖�銆侀粸(di菐n)娓�銆佸伓妤靛瓙銆�
閺″儚娉�銆佷繚瑙掕畩鎻�)锛岀劇(w煤)鏃嬭桓灏�(du矛)绋辨祦鍕�(d貌ng)锛岄潪瀹氬父鐒�(w煤)鏃嬫祦鍕�(d貌ng)銆�
锛堜竷锛� 娑查珨琛ㄩ潰娉�
鎺у埗鏂圭▼(灏忔尟骞呮按娉�) 鍙婂畾瑙ｆ浠�锛屽钩闈㈠柈鑹叉尝锛屾按娉㈢殑鑹叉暎鍜岀兢閫熷害锛屾按娉㈢殑鑳介噺鍙婂叾鍌宠几锛岄€�
搴﹁垏澹撳姏鍫�(ch菐ng)鐗规€�锛岃〃闈㈠嫉鍔涙尝鍙婂垎灞ゆ祦楂旂殑閲嶅姏鍏�(n猫i)娉紝闈炵窔鎬ф按娉㈢悊璜�銆�
锛堝叓锛� 鏃嬫甫閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)
娓﹂噺鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鏂圭▼鍜屾甫閲忕殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�锛屾甫閲忓牬(ch菐ng)(绌洪枔鐗规€�銆佹檪(sh铆)闁撶壒鎬�)锛屽吀鍨嬬殑娓︽ā鍨�銆�
锛堜節锛� 绮樻€т笉鍙绺祦鍕�(d貌ng)
鎺у埗鏂圭▼鍙婂畾瑙ｆ浠�锛屽畾甯哥殑骞宠鍓垏娴佸嫊(d貌ng)(Couette 娴佸嫊(d貌ng)銆丳oiseuille 娴佸嫊(d貌ng)绛�)锛岄潪瀹氬父鐨勫钩琛屽壀鍒�
娴佸嫊(d貌ng)(Stokes 绗竴鍜岀浜屽晱(w猫n)椤�銆佺閬撴祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勮捣鍕�(d貌ng)鍟�(w猫n)椤�)锛屽湏灏�(du矛)绋辩殑骞抽潰绮樻€ф祦鍕�(d貌ng)(鍦撴煴 Couette 娴佸強鍏�
璧峰嫊(d貌ng)閬�(gu貌)绋�)锛屽皬闆疯鏁�(sh霉)绮樻€ф祦鍕�(d貌ng)銆�
锛堝崄锛� 灞ゆ祦閭婄晫灞ゅ拰婀嶆祦
閭婄晫灞ょ殑姒傚康锛屽堡娴侀倞鐣屽堡鏂圭▼(Blasius 骞虫澘閭婄晫灞�)锛岄倞鐣屽堡鐨勫垎闆�锛屾箥娴佺殑鐧�(f膩)鐢燂紝灞ゆ祦鍒版箥娴佺殑
杞�(zhu菐n)鎹�锛岄浄璜炬柟绋嬪拰闆疯鎳�(y墨ng)鍔�銆�
锛堝崄涓€锛� 鐒�(w煤)绮樺彲澹撶府娴佸嫊(d貌ng)
鑱查€熷拰棣但鏁�(sh霉)锛岃啫鑴规尝銆佸急澹撶府娉㈢殑褰㈡垚鍙婂叾鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屼竴缍瓑鐔垫祦(瀹氬父鍜岄潪瀹氬父)锛屾縺娉�(姝ｆ縺娉㈠拰鏂�
婵€娉�)锛屾媺鐡︾埦鍣寸娴佸嫊(d貌ng)鐨勭壒寰併€�
鍥�銆佽€冭│瑕佹眰锛�
锛堜竴锛� 娴侀珨鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
(1) 浜嗚В鍥烘恫姘ｉ珨鐨勫畯瑙€鎬ц唱(zh矛)鑸囧井瑙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾繁鍏ョ悊瑙ｅ苟鎺屾彙閫ｇ簩(x霉)浠嬭唱(zh矛)鍋囪ō(sh猫)鍙婂叾閬╃敤姊濅欢銆�
(2) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙娴侀珨鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛屼簡瑙ｆ瘺绱�(x矛)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆�
锛堜簩锛� 娴侀珨閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)瀛�(xu茅)
(1) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙娴侀珨閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勫叐绋弿杩�銆佺墿璩�(zh矛)灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鑸囬毃楂斿皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�銆�
(2) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙璺＄窔銆佹祦绶氬強鑴堢窔鐨勬蹇点€佺墿鐞嗘剰缇╁強姹傛硶銆�
(3) 鎺屾彙閫熷害鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬蹇靛強鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鎻忚堪锛屾帉鎻℃祦鍫�(ch菐ng)涓殑閫熷害鍒嗚В鏂规硶
(4) 鐞嗚В骞舵帉鎻℃甫閲忓強瀹堟亽瀹氬緥锛屼簡瑙ｆ甫绶�銆佹甫绠�銆佹甫閫氶噺锛屾甫绠″挤(qi谩ng)搴︾瓑姒傚康銆�
锛堜笁锛� 娴侀珨鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)
(1) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙閫ｇ簩(x霉)鎬ф柟绋�銆佸嫊(d貌ng)閲忔柟绋嬪拰鑳介噺鏂圭▼鐨勬帹灏�(d菐o)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
(2) 鎺屾彙鏈(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯诲強鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼銆�
(3) 鎺屾彙娴侀珨鍔涘(xu茅)鏂圭▼绲勫強瀹氳В姊濅欢锛屼簡瑙ｆ浜ゆ洸绶氬潗妯�(bi膩o)绯讳笅鐨勬祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)鏂圭▼绲�銆�
(4) 鎺屾彙閲忕侗鍒嗘瀽鑸囨祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐩镐技鐞嗚珫鐨勬蹇�锛岀啛绶存帉鎻￠浄璜炬暩(sh霉)鐨勫畾缇╁拰鎰忕京銆�
锛堝洓锛� 娴侀珨闈滃姏瀛�(xu茅)
(1) 鐞嗚В骞舵帉鎻￠潨鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰鎺у埗鏂圭▼銆�
(2) 鎺屾彙娑查珨闈滃姏瀛�(xu茅)瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�(鑷敱闈㈢殑褰㈢媭锛岄潪鎱ｆ€у潗妯�(bi膩o)绯讳腑鐨勯潨姝㈡恫楂�)銆�
锛堜簲锛� 鐒�(w煤)绮樻祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勪竴鑸悊璜�
(1) 鎺屾彙鐒�(w煤)绮樻祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勬帶鍒舵柟绋嬬殑鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
(2) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙 Bernoulli 鏂圭▼鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)锛岄潏娲婚亱(y霉n)鐢� Bernoulli 鏂圭▼鍜屽嫊(d貌ng)閲忓畾鐞�銆�
锛堝叚锛� 鐒�(w煤)绮樹笉鍙绺祦楂旂殑鐒�(w煤)鏃嬫祦鍕�(d貌ng)
(1) 鐞嗚В骞舵帉鎻℃帶鍒舵柟绋嬪強瀹氳В姊濅欢銆佸嫝(sh矛)鍑芥暩(sh霉)姒傚康鍙婄劇(w煤)鏃嬫祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
(2) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙骞堕潏娲婚亱(y霉n)鐢ㄥ钩闈㈠畾甯哥劇(w煤)鏃嬫祦鍕�(d貌ng)鍩烘湰姒傚康鍙婃柟娉�(娴佸嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆佹簮鍖�銆侀粸(di菐n)娓︺€佸伓妤靛瓙銆侀彙鍍忔硶銆�
淇濊璁婃彌)銆�
(3) 浜嗚В鐒�(w煤)鏃嬭桓灏�(du矛)绋辨祦鍕�(d貌ng)锛岄潪瀹氬父鐒�(w煤)鏃嬫祦鍕�(d貌ng)銆�
锛堜竷锛� 娑查珨琛ㄩ潰娉�
(1) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙灏忔尟骞呮按娉㈢殑鎺у埗鏂圭▼鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)鍙婂畾瑙ｆ浠�
(2) 鎺屾彙骞抽潰鍠壊娉�銆佹按娉㈢殑鑹叉暎鍜岀兢閫熷害绛夋蹇�锛屼簡瑙ｆ按娉㈢殑鑳介噺鍙婂叾鍌宠几?sh霉)鎸�?j矛)绠楋紝閫熷害鑸囧鍔涘牬(ch菐ng)
鐗规€�銆�
(3) 浜嗚В琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏娉㈠強鍒嗗堡娴侀珨鐨勯噸鍔涘収(n猫i)娉�銆侀潪绶氭€ф按娉㈢悊璜栥€�
锛堝叓锛� 鏃嬫甫閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)
(1) 鎺屾彙娓﹂噺鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鏂圭▼鍜屾甫閲忕殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�
(2) 鐔熸倝娓﹂噺鍫�(ch菐ng)鐨勫熀鏈┖闁撶壒鎬�銆佹檪(sh铆)闁撶壒鎬�锛屼簡瑙ｅ吀鍨嬬殑娓︽ā鍨�(榛�(di菐n)娓�銆佽槶閲戞甫銆佸ェ妫甫銆佹嘲鍕掓甫)銆�
锛堜節锛� 绮樻€т笉鍙绺祦鍕�(d貌ng)
(1) 鐞嗚В涓嶅彲澹撶府娴侀珨妯″瀷鍙婂叾鍒ゅ垾姊濅欢锛屾帉鎻℃帶鍒舵柟绋嬬殑鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)鍙婂畾瑙ｆ浠�銆�
(2) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙骞堕潏娲婚亱(y霉n)鐢ㄥ畾甯哥殑骞宠鍓垏娴佸嫊(d貌ng)鍟�(w猫n)椤�(Couette 娴佸嫊(d貌ng)銆丳oiseuille 娴佸嫊(d貌ng)绛�)銆�
(3) 鎺屾彙闈炲畾甯哥殑骞宠鍓垏娴佸嫊(d貌ng)鍟�(w猫n)椤�(Stokes 绗竴鍜岀浜屽晱(w猫n)椤屻€佺閬撴祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勮捣鍕�(d貌ng)绛�)锛屽湏灏�(du矛)绋辩殑骞抽潰绮�
鎬ф祦鍕�(d貌ng)(鍦撴煴 Couette 娴佸強鍏惰捣鍕�(d貌ng)閬�(gu貌)绋�)锛屽皬闆疯鏁�(sh霉)绮樻€ф祦鍕�(d貌ng)銆�
锛堝崄锛� 灞ゆ祦閭婄晫灞ゅ拰婀嶆祦
(1) 鎺屾彙閭婄晫灞ょ殑姒傚康銆�
(2) 鎺屾彙灞ゆ祦閭婄晫灞ゆ柟绋嬫帹灏�(d菐o)(Blasius 骞虫澘閭婄晫灞�)
(3) 浜嗚В閭婄晫灞ょ殑鍒嗛洟锛屾箥娴佺殑鐧�(f膩)鐢�锛屽堡娴佸埌婀嶆祦鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鎹�銆�
(4) 鎺屾彙鑴堝嫊(d貌ng)閫熷害銆佸钩鍧囬€熷害銆佺灛鏅�(sh铆)娴佸牬(ch菐ng)銆佸钩鍧囨祦鍫�(ch菐ng)銆侀浄璜惧钩鍧囨柟绋嬬瓑鍩烘湰姒傚康
锛堝崄涓€锛� 鐒�(w煤)绮樺彲澹撶府娴佸嫊(d貌ng)
(1) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙鑱查€熷拰棣但鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�銆�
(2) 鎺屾彙鑶ㄨ劰娉�銆佸急澹撶府娉㈢殑褰㈡垚鍙婂叾鐗归粸(di菐n)銆�
(3) 鐔熺反鎺屾彙瀹氬父涓€缍瓑鐔垫祦鐨勫垎鏋愬強瑷�(j矛)绠�锛屼簡瑙ｉ潪瀹氬父涓€缍瓑鐔垫祦鐨勫垎鏋愬強瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
(4) 娣卞叆鐞嗚В婵€娉�(姝ｆ縺娉㈠拰鏂滄縺娉�)鐨勬垚鍥犲強婵€娉㈤棞(gu膩n)绯诲紡锛屼簡瑙ｆ媺鐡︾埦鍣寸娴佸嫊(d貌ng)鐨勭壒寰併€�
浜�銆佷富瑕佸弮鑰冩浉鐩細
1. 銆婃祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)銆� 鑾婄Ξ璩� 灏瑰崝(xi茅)閬�(yu菐n) 棣殙鎻�(y谩ng)钁�锛屼腑鍦�(gu贸)绉戝(xu茅)鎶€琛�(sh霉)澶у(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�2009 骞寸増鏈�
2. 銆婃祦楂斿姏瀛�(xu茅)銆嬶紙涓婁笅鍐�(c猫)锛� 鍚虫湜涓€绶ㄨ憲锛屽寳浜ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�2010 骞寸増鏈�
绶ㄥ埗鍠綅锛氫腑鍦�(gu贸)绉戝(xu茅)闄㈠ぇ瀛�(xu茅)
绶ㄥ埗鏃ユ湡锛�2013 骞� 6 鏈� 27 鏃�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄わ紝鍙︼細鏈枃鍍呬唬琛ㄤ綔鑰呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
