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2. 鍒嗘瀽瑭︽ǎ鐨勯爯铏曠悊鏂规硶銆�
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3. 鏈夐檺娓畾鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勭当(t菕ng)瑷堣檿鐞嗭細t 鍒嗗竷鏇茬窔锛屽钩鍧囧€肩殑缃俊鍗€(q奴)闁�锛屽彲鐤戝€肩殑鍙栬垗鏂规硶鍜岄’
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绗洓绔� 鍖栧骞宠 鑸囨淮瀹氬垎鏋愭硶姒傝珫
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2锛庢淮瀹氬垎鏋愭硶鐨勯亷绋嬪拰鏂规硶鐗归粸锛屾淮瀹氬垎鏋愭硶鐨勫垎椤炲拰灏嶆淮瀹氬弽鎳夌殑瑕佹眰銆�
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2. 鍒嗘瀽婵冨害鑸囧钩琛℃績搴�銆侀吀(鍫�)鐨勬績搴﹁垏閰�(鍫�)搴︾殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�锛孧BE銆丆BE 鍜� PBE 鍙婂钩琛�
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6锛庨吀鍫挎淮瀹氭洸绶氱殑绻埗锛屾淮瀹氱獊韬嶇殑鍚京鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱犮€�
7锛庝竴鍏冨急閰�(鍫�)鐩存帴婧栫⒑婊村畾鐨勫彲琛屾€у垽鎿�(j霉)鍙婂鍏冮吀鍫垮垎姝ユ淮瀹氱殑鍙鎬у垽鎿�(j霉)銆�
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鐨勫垎甯冨強婵冨害瑷堢畻銆�
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4锛庣怠鍚堟淮瀹氭洸绶氱殑鍒朵綔锛屾淮瀹氱獊韬嶇殑鍚京鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱犮€�
5锛庣怠鍚堟淮瀹氭寚绀哄姂鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ師鐞�锛岀悊璜栬畩鑹查粸锛岄伕鎿囨寚绀哄姂鐨勫師鍓�锛屽父鐢ㄦ寚绀哄姂鐨勪娇鐢�
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7锛庡柈涓€閲戝爆闆㈠瓙婧栫⒑婊村畾鐨勬浠�锛岀怠鍚堟淮瀹氶吀搴︾殑閬告搰銆�
8锛庢彁楂樼怠鍚堟淮瀹氶伕鎿囨€х殑鏂规硶锛岀怠鍚堟淮瀹氱殑鏂瑰紡銆�
绗竷绔� 姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾娉�
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褰遍熆鍥犵礌銆�
2锛庡彲閫嗘哀鍖栭倓鍘熼珨绯绘淮瀹氭洸绶氱殑瑷堢畻锛屾淮瀹氱獊韬嶇殑鍚京鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱�銆�
3锛庢哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭硶鐨勬寚绀哄姂銆�
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6. 姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷堢畻銆�
绗叓绔� 娌夋穩婊村畾娉�
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绗節绔� 娌夋穩閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽娉�
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鍥犵礌銆�
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4锛庨噸閲忓垎鏋愮祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷堢畻銆�
绗崄绔� 鍚稿厜鍏夊害娉�
1. 鍚稿厜鍏夊害娉曞熀鏈師鐞嗭紝鏈椾集-姣旂埦瀹氬緥銆�
2. 鍚稿厜鍏夊害娉曠殑鍎€鍣�銆�
3. 椤壊鍙嶆噳鍙婂叾褰遍熆鍥犵礌锛屽惛鍏夊害鐨勬脯閲忓強瑾ゅ樊鎺у埗銆�
4. 鍚稿厜鍏夊害娉曠殑鎳夌敤銆�
绗崄涓€绔� 甯哥敤鐨勫垎闆㈠拰瀵岄泦鏂规硶
1. 娌夋穩鍒嗛洟娉�銆佹憾鍔戣悆鍙栧垎闆㈡硶銆侀洟瀛愪氦鎻涘垎闆㈡硶銆佽秴鑷ㄧ晫娴侀珨钀冨彇鍒嗛洟娉曞強娑茬浉鑹�
璀滃垎闆㈡硶鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�銆佺壒榛炪€�
2. 鍏朵粬鐢熺墿瑭︽ǎ鍒嗛洟鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭壒榛�銆�
鍙冭€冩暀鏉愭垨涓昏鍙冭€冩浉锛�
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2锛庢婕㈠ぇ瀛镐富绶細銆婂垎鏋愬寲瀛搞€�锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2016 骞�锛岀鍏増銆�
绗� 4 闋�锛屽叡 7 闋�
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涓€锛庨伕鎿囬锛�20 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 2 鍒�锛屽叡 40 鍒嗭級
1. 涓嬪垪婧舵恫閫氶亷閰稿牽婊村畾娉曡兘澶犵洿鎺ユ簴纰烘淮瀹氱殑鏄紙 锛�
A. 0.1000 mol路L
? 1
HF pKa 锛圚F锛� = 3.18
B. 0.1000 mol路L
? 1
HCN pKa 锛圚CN锛� = 9.21
C. 0.1000 mol路L? 1
NaAc pKa 锛圚Ac锛� = 4.74
D. 0.1000 mol路L
? 1
NH4Cl pKa 锛圢H4
+
锛� = 9.75
2. EDTA 鐨勯吀鏁堟噳鏇茬窔鏄寚锛� 锛�
A锛幬盰 锛圚锛�- pH 鏇茬窔 B锛巐g伪Y锛圚锛�- pH 鏇茬窔
C锛巔M- pH 鏇茬窔 D锛巐gK鈥�- pH 鏇茬窔
3. 鍏辫粵閰稿牽灏� Ka 鑸� Kb 涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紙25鈩冿級 鏄紙 锛�
A. Ka+ Kb=1 B. Ka脳Kb =14 C. pKa+pKb=14 D. pKa脳pKb=1
4. 涓嬪垪鍚勭祫閰稿牽灏嶄腑锛屽爆浜庡叡杌涢吀鍫垮皪鐨勬槸锛� 锛�
A. B. C. HCl-NaOH D.
5. 鏌愰吀鍫挎寚绀哄姂鐨� KHIn =1.0脳10
-5
锛屽墖寰炵悊璜栦笂鎺ㄧ畻鍏� pH 璁婅壊鑼冨湇鏄紙 锛�
A. 4锝�5 B. 5~6 C. 4~6 D. 5~7
6. 鐢ㄧ敳閱涙硶娓畾閵ㄩ菇涓惈姘噺锛屾豢瓒冲紡锛� 锛�
A. n锛圢锛� 锛� 4n锛圢aOH锛� B. n锛圢锛� 锛� 3n锛圢aOH锛�
C. n锛圢锛� 锛�1/3n锛圢aOH锛� D. n锛圢锛� 锛� n锛圢aOH锛�
7. 娉曟彋鏂硶娓畾楣电礌闆㈠瓙锛岄噰鐢ㄦ寚绀哄姂瑕佹眰鎸囩ず鍔戞墍甯堕浕鑽风偤锛� 锛�锛� 涓斿湪娌夋穩琛ㄩ潰鍚搁檮鑳�
鍔涜锛� 锛夊緟娓洟瀛�銆�
A. 璨犻浕鑽�锛屽急 B. 姝ｉ浕鑽�锛� 寮� C. 姝ｉ浕鑽凤紝寮� D. 璨犻浕鑽�锛� 寮�
8. 闆欐寚绀哄姂娉曟淮瀹氭煇鍫�锛屽厛浠ラ厷閰炰綔鐐烘寚绀哄姂锛屾秷鑰� HCl 妯欐簴婧舵恫鐐� V1锛屾帴钁楀姞鍏ョ敳鍩烘
3-
3 4 4
H PO - PO 4- 2-
2
Y - H Y
4- 3-
Y - HY
绗� 5 闋侊紝鍏� 7 闋�
浣滅偤鎸囩ず鍔�锛屾秷鑰� HCl 妯欐簴婧舵恫鐐� V2锛屽叾涓� V2锛濾1锛�0, 鍓囧彲鎺ㄧ煡瑭插牽鐐猴紙 锛�
A. NaHCO3 B. Na2CO3 鍜� NaOH
C. NaHCO3 鍜� Na2CO3 D. NaOH
9. 涓嬪垪涓嶅奖闊挎浠堕浕妤甸浕浣嶇殑鏄紙 锛�
A銆侀厤浣嶆晥鎳� B銆佹矇娣€鏁堟噳 C銆佹憾娑查洟瀛愬挤搴� D銆佹哀鍖栧瀷婵冨害
10. 灏嶆淮瀹氱獊韬嶆矑鏈夊奖闊跨殑甯告暩(sh霉)鎴栬畩閲忔槸锛� 锛�
A. 姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾涓殑 cRed锛宑Ox B. 娌夋穩婊村畾娉曚腑婧跺害绌嶅父鏁�(sh霉) Ksp
C. 绲″悎婊村畾娉曚腑 KMY D. 閰稿牽婊村畾娉曚腑鐨� Ka 鍜� ca
11. 闁撴帴纰橀噺娉曟淮瀹氱祩榛炵殑椤忚壊璁婂寲鏄紙 锛�
A. 钘嶈壊鍑虹従(xi脿n) B. 榛冭壊璁婅棈鑹� C. 钘嶈壊璁婇粌鑹� D. 钘嶈壊娑堝け
12. 妯欏畾楂橀尦閰搁墍妯欐簴婧舵恫鏅�锛岀ū鍙栧熀婧栫墿鑽夐吀閳� m 鍏嬩簬閷愬舰鐡讹紝娑堣€楅珮閷抽吀閴€婧舵恫楂旂⿳鐐�
V mL锛屽墖楂橀尦閰搁墍婵冨害锛坢ol路L
? 1
锛夌殑瑷堢畻寮忕偤锛� 锛�
A锛� B.
C. D.
13. K2Cr2O7 鐒℃睘娉曟脯閻碉紝鍔犲叆纭７娣烽吀浣滅敤锛屼笉姝ｇ⒑瑾硶锛� 锛�
A. 鎺у埗婧舵恫閰稿害 B. 娑堥櫎 Fe
3+
鐨勯鑹插共鎿�
C. 澧炲姞 Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
闆诲皪闆讳綅 D. 澧炲ぇ婊村畾绐佽秺鐨勮寖鍦�
14. 鑻ラ妳姘ㄧ怠鍚堢墿姘存憾涓� Cu(NH3)4
2+
鐨勬績搴︾偤 Cu(NH3)3
2+
鐨� 10 鍊嶏紝鍟忔憾娑蹭腑 [NH3]鏄
灏戯紙 锛�
A. 10尾4/尾3 B. 10尾3/尾4 C. 0.1尾4/尾3 D. 0.1尾3/尾4
15. 鏈夐棞(gu膩n)姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾瑾硶閷鐨勬槸锛� 锛�
A. 鍙€嗛浕灏嶇獊瓒婁笅闄愪互琚淮瀹氱墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勯浕灏嶈▓绠�
B. 楂橀尦閰搁墍娉曚腑浣跨敤鐨勬槸鑷韩鎸囩ず鍔�
2 2 4
2 2 4 4
Na C O
Na C O KM nO
400
=
m
c
M V
2 2 4
2 2 4 4
Na C O
Na C O KMnO
2
=
5
m
c
M V
2 2 4
2 2 4 4
Na C O
Na C O KMnO
=
5
m
c
M V
2 2 4
2 2 4 4
Na C O
Na C O KMnO
5
=
2
m
c
M V
绗� 6 闋�锛屽叡 7 闋�
C. 姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳閫熺巼杓冩參
D. 鍙€嗛浕灏嶇獊瓒婁笂闄愯▓绠楀叕寮忓拰婊村畾鍔戠殑闆诲瓙杞�(zhu菐n)绉绘暩(sh霉)鐒￠棞(gu膩n)
16锛庡皣 20.00 mL 0.020 mol路L
? 1
EDTA 鍔犲叆 20.00 mL 0.020 mol路L
? 1
Zn
2+
锝濶H3 婧舵恫涓�锛岃▓绠�
EDTA锝瀂n2+
绲″悎鐗╃殑姊濅欢绌�(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫叕寮忕偤锛� 锛�
A.
B.
C.
D.
17锛庣敤闁撴帴纰樻硶娓畾閶呭惈閲忕殑鍙嶆噳寮忕偤
3Zn
2+
+ 2I
?
+ 2[ Fe锛圕N锛�6]
3?
+ 2K
+
鈫� K2Zn3[ Fe锛圕N锛�6 ] 2鈫� + I2
鏋愬嚭鐨� I2 鐢� Na2S2O3 妯欐簴婧舵恫婊村畾锛孼n 鑸� Na2S2O3 鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勯噺闂�(gu膩n)绯绘槸锛� 锛�
A. 1: 3 B. 3:1 C. 2:3 D. 3:2
18. 涓嬪垪瑾硶閷鐨勬槸锛� 锛�
A. 妯欏畾楣介吀鐨勫熀婧栫墿璩�(zh矛)鍙敤纭奸吀
B. 鑾埦娉曚娇鐢ㄧ殑鎸囩ず鍔戞槸 K2CrO4
C. 婊村畾搴︽槸鎸囨瘡姣崌妯欐簴婧舵恫鐩哥暥浜庤娓墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勮唱(zh矛)閲�
D. 楂橀尦閰搁墍妯欏畾鏅備笉闇€澶栧姞鎸囩ず鍔�
19. 纭唬纭吀閳夋娑叉脯閵呮ǎ涓妳鍚噺鐨勫椹椾腑锛屼笅鍒楄娉曢尟瑾ょ殑鏄紙 锛�
A锛庤嚚杩戠祩榛炴檪鍔犲叆 KSCN 婧舵恫锛屼娇 CuI 杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栫偤 CuSCN
B锛庢穩绮夋寚绀哄姂鎳夊湪婧舵恫婊磋嚦娣洪粌鑹叉檪鍔犲叆
C锛庢噳鍦ㄥ牽鎬ф憾娑蹭腑閫茶
D锛嶬SCN 鍔犲叆鏅傦紝婧舵恫钘嶈壊鍔犳繁
20锛庢煇鍚搁檮鎸囩ず鍔� pKa 锛� 5.0锛屼互閵€閲忔硶娓沟绱犻洟瀛愭檪锛宲H 鎳夋帶鍒跺湪锛� 锛�
A锛巔H < 5.0 B. pH > 5.0 锛�. 5.0 < pH < 10.0 锛�. pH > 10.0
3
( ) ( )( )
lg lg lg lg lgY H Zn OHZn NH
K K ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?
3
( ) ( )( )
lg lg lg( )Y H Zn OHZn NH
K K ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?
3
( ) ( )( )
lg lg lg lg( )Y H Zn OHZn NH
K K ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?
3
( ) ( )( )
lg lg lg( ) lgY H Zn OHZn NH
K K ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?
绗� 7 闋�锛屽叡 7 闋�
浜岋紟绨＄瓟椤� 锛�6 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 10 鍒�锛屽叡 60 鍒嗭級
1. 绨¤堪娣峰悎鍫垮垎鏋愮殑鍏╃ó鏂规硶鍘熺悊銆�
2. 绨¤堪閵ㄩ菇涓惈姘噺娓畾鐨勫叐绋柟娉曞師鐞嗐€�
3. 绨¤堪閲囩敤閲嶉壔閰搁墍娉� 锛圞2Cr2O7锛� 娓畾閻电う鐭充腑閻靛惈閲� 锛堢劇姹炴硶锛� 鐨勫椹楅亷绋嬩互鍙�
鍏朵腑纭７娣烽吀鐨勪綔鐢�銆�
4. 闂¤堪閰稿牽鎸囩ず鍔戠殑宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊銆�
5. 闂¤堪纰橀噺娉曟脯瀹氶妳鍚堥噾涓妳鍚噺鐨勫師鐞�锛屽鍑虹浉闂�(gu膩n)鍙嶆噳鏂圭▼寮忋€�
6. 绨¤堪纭唬纭吀閳夋婧栨憾娑茬殑閰嶅埗銆�
涓夛紟瑷堢畻椤岋紙4 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 10-15 鍒�锛屽叡 50 鍒嗭級
1. 鐢查吀鍙敤 NaOH 妯欐簴婧舵恫婧栫⒑婊村畾鍡庯紵濡傛灉鍙互锛岃▓绠楃敤 0.1000 mol路L
? 1
NaOH 婧舵恫
婊村畾 0.1000 mol路L
? 1
鐨勭敳閰告憾娑� 20.00 mL 鍖栧瑷堥噺榛炵殑 pH锛屾淮瀹氱獊韬嶇殑鑼冨湇骞堕伕鎿�
鍚堥仼鐨勬寚绀哄姂锛堢敳鍩烘锛岀敳鍩虹磪锛岄厷閰烇級锛岋紙鐢查吀 Ka=1.7脳10? 4
锛�10 鍒嗭級銆�
2. 鐢� 0.020 mol路L
? 1
EDTA 婊村畾鍚屾績搴︾殑 Zn
2+
銆傝嫢婧舵恫鐨� pH = 9.0, 姝ゆ檪婧舵恫涓璠NH3]
=10
-1.5
mol路L
? 1
锛岃▓绠� pZn鈥瞫p 鍙� pY鈥瞫p 銆傦紙宸茬煡 Zn锛圢H3锛�4
2+
鐨� lg尾1~lg?尾4 鍒嗗垾鐐� 2.27,
4.61, 7.01, 9.06锛� Y(H)
lg 1.4? ? 锛� ZnY
lg 16.5K ? 锛� Zn(OH)
lg 0.2? ? 锛�15 鍒嗭級銆�
3. 瑷堢畻 BaSO4 鐨勬憾瑙ｅ害銆傦紙1锛� 鍦ㄧ磾姘翠腑锛涳紙2锛� 0.10 mol路L
? 1
BaCl2 涓�锛涳紙3锛� 0.010 mol路L
? 1
Na2SO4 涓� 锛� 10 鍒嗭級銆傚凡鐭� BaSO4 鐨勬憾搴︾⿳ Ksp = 1.1脳10
? 10
锛�15 鍒嗭級
4. 瑷堢畻 1.0 脳10
? 5
mol/L 鍜� 2.000 脳10
?7
mol路L
? 1
HCl 婧舵恫鐨� pH 锛�10 鍒嗭級銆�
鍏嶈铂鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€с€佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵︾浉闂�(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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