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浜屻€佸畬鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝叡 15 鍊嬬┖锛屾瘡绌� 2 鍒�锛屽叡 30 鍒嗭級
绗� 5 闋�锛屽叡 8 闋�
涓夈€佺啊绛旈锛�8 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 5 鍒嗭紝鍏� 40 鍒嗭級
1銆佸皣涓嬪垪鍖栧悎鐗�锛屾寜鍏跺牽鎬у挤(qi谩ng)寮辨帓搴�
CH2NH2 NH2 NHCOCH3 (CH3)4NOHa. b. c. d.
2銆佸皣涓嬪垪鍖栧悎鐗�锛屾寜鍏� SN1 娲绘€уぇ灏忔帓搴�
CH2Cl
O CH3
a. b.
CH2Cl
Cl
c.
CH2Cl
CH3
d.
CH2Cl
NO 2
e.
CH2Cl
3銆佸皣涓嬪垪鍖栧悎鐗�锛屾寜鍏堕吀鎬у挤(qi谩ng)寮辨帓搴�
COOH
a. b.
COOH
NO2
c.
COOH
Cl
COOH
CH3
d.
4銆佸皣涓嬪垪鍖栧悎鐗�锛屾寜鍏惰唱(zh矛)瀛愮殑鍖栧(xu茅)浣嶇Щ鍊�(未)澶у皬鎺掑簭
绗� 6 闋�锛屽叡 8 闋�
d.
C=C
H
CH2CH2Br
CH3
(CH3)3C
a.
b.
c.
e.
5銆佸皣涓嬪垪閰鍖栧悎鐗╋紝鎸夊叾鍫挎€ф按瑙ｉ€熷害澶у皬鎺掑簭
CH3CO X
O
X=锛� Br 锛� 锛� OCH3 锛� 锛� NO2 锛� 锛� H
a. b. c. d.
6銆佷互涓嬪叐鍊嬮沟浠ｇ兇鑸囨按鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ鏋滄寜 SN1 姗�(j墨)鐞�锛孖 鐨勯€熷害姣� II 蹇�锛岃珛瑾槑鍘熷洜銆�
7銆佺敤姗�(j墨)鐞嗗湒骞剁祼(ji茅)鍚堝繀瑕佺殑鎻忚堪锛岃В閲嬩笅鍒楀弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)
8. 瑙ｉ噵涓嬪垪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囨€�銆�
鍥涖€佹帹娓弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭細锛堝叡 4 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 5 鍒嗭紝鍏� 20 鍒嗭級
1.
2.
3.
H
CH2 CH CH
OH
CH3
CH3
H3C CH3
CH3 C
CH3
CH3
C
O
H
H
CH3 CH
CH3
C
O
CH3
O
CH3
CH3M gI HBr Br
HNO3
H2SO4 NO2
H2O
4.
浜�銆佸緸鎸囧畾鍘熸枡鍚堟垚涓嬪垪鍖栧悎鐗╋紙鍏跺畠瑭﹀姂浠婚伕锛夛細锛堝叡 4 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 5 鍒嗭紝鍏� 20 鍒嗭級
绗� 7 闋�锛屽叡 8 闋�
N H 2 B r B r
N O 2
1.
2.
O
C O 2C 2H 5
O
C H 2B r
3.
4.
CH3
NO 2
N N O H
CH3 CH3
(鍞� 涓€ 鏈� 姗�(j墨) 鍘� 鏂� )
CH2(CO2C2H5)2 CH2 CHCH2CHCO O H
CH3
鍏�銆佹帹娓祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氾紙鍏� 3 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 5 鍒嗭紝鍏� 15 鍒嗭級
1銆� 鍖栧悎鐗� A 鍒嗗瓙寮忕偤锛圕9H10O锛�锛� 鍏锋湁濡備笅鍏夎瓬淇¤櫉锛岃┎鍖栧悎鐗� A 鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忔槸浠€涔堬紵 锛�7
鍒嗭級
A
1
HNMR锛毼�2.0(s, 3H), 3.75(s, 2H), 7.2(m, 5H) ppm銆�
IR锛� 3100锛�3000锛�1720锛�740锛�700cm
-1
2銆佸寲鍚堢墿 B锛圕15H21NO2锛�锛岀稉(j墨ng)鍏╂瀛ｉ姩鍫跨啽娑堥櫎寰� C14H16O2锛屽悗鑰呯稉(j墨ng)鑷哀鍖栭倓鍘熸按瑙ｅ緱鍒� 2mol
HCHO 鍜� 1mol 濡備笅绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐗�锛屾槸鎺ㄦ脯 B 鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆傦紙7 鍒嗭級
C
COOC2H5
CHO
CHO
3銆佸寲鍚堢墿 C锛圕13 H20O2锛�锛岀敤绋€楣介吀铏曠悊寰楀寲鍚堢墿 D锛圕9 H10O锛夊拰涓€绋惈鍏╁€嬬⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫寲鍚�
鐗�銆侱 鐢� Br2锛廚aOH 铏曠悊鍚庡啀閰稿寲锛屽緱鍒颁竴绋吀 E锛圕8 H8O2锛�锛岀敤 Wolff-Kishner-榛冮炒榫嶉倓
鍘� D 寰楀寲鍚堢墿 F锛圕9H12锛�锛孌 鍦ㄧ█鍫挎憾娑蹭腑鑸囪嫰鐢查啗浣滅敤寰� G锛圕16H14O锛夈€侰銆丏銆丒銆丗銆�
G 鍦ㄥ挤(qi谩ng)鐑堟哀鍖栦笅閮界敓鎴愯嫰鐢查吀锛岃│鎺ㄦ脯 C銆丏銆丒銆丗銆丟 鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆傦紙10 鍒嗭級
涓�銆佺稖鍚堥锛�10 鍒嗭級
宸茬煡 Scraup 鍚堟垚鍠瑰晧鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)寮忓涓嬶細
绗� 8 闋�锛屽叡 8 闋�
閲囩敤鐨勫師鏂欏拰瑭﹀姂鏈夛細鑻兒銆佺敇娌�銆佺～閰�銆佸拰纭濆熀鑻紙鐩告噳(y墨ng)浜庢墍鐢ㄨ姵鑳猴級绛�銆�
鍥炵瓟涓嬪垪鍟忛锛�
1锛� 纭吀鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸浠€涔�锛燂紙2 鍒嗭級
2锛� 鐐轰粈涔堣鍔犲叆纭濆熀鑻�锛燂紙1 鍒嗭級
3锛� 宸茬煡鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绲�(ji茅)鏉熷悗鍗抽€�(j矛n)琛屼竴娆℃按钂告埃钂搁ぞ浠ラ櫎鍘荤鍩鸿嫰锛岄毃鍚庢畼娑茬敤鍫夸腑鍜屽悗锛屽啀閫�(j矛n)琛屼竴
娆℃按钂告埃钂搁ぞ銆備腑鍜岀殑鐩殑鏄粈涔�锛熺偤浠€涔堣鍒嗘閫�(j矛n)琛屽叐娆℃按钂告埃钂搁ぞ锛燂紙4 鍒嗭級
4锛� 宸茬煡绗簩娆℃按钂告埃钂搁ぞ钂稿嚭鐨勭矖鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佷腑鍚湁鑻兒锛屽浣曢櫎鍘昏嫰鑳�锛燂紙瑕佹眰涓嶇敤鏌卞堡鏋愮殑
杈︽硶锛夛紙3 鍒嗭級
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄わ紝鍙︼細鏈枃鍍呬唬琛ㄤ綔鑰呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵�(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
