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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞达紝2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
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831锛圓 鍗凤級绗� 1 闋�锛屽叡 3 闋�
瀹夊窘宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅) 2016 骞寸ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鎷涚敓灏堟キ(y猫)鍩虹(ch菙)瑾茶│鍗凤紙A 鍗凤級
绉戠洰鍚嶇ū锛� 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅) 绉戠洰浠ｇ⒓锛� 831 婊垮垎锛� 150 鍒�
鑰冪敓璜嬫敞鎰忥細鎵€鏈夌瓟妗堝繀闋堝鍦ㄧ瓟椤岀礄涓婏紝鍋氬湪瑭﹂绱欐垨鑰呰崏绋跨礄涓婄殑涓€寰嬬劇鏁�锛�
涓€銆佸～绌洪锛堟湰椤� 14 鍒�锛屾瘡灏忛 2 鍒嗭級
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锛滐級銆傦紙2 鍒嗭級
2銆佸湪涓€瀹氱殑婧害涓嬪皣 1mol A 鍜� 1mol B 鍏╃ó娑查珨娣峰悎褰㈡垚鐞嗘兂娑叉厠(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗�,鍓囨贩鍚堥亷
绋嬬殑 螖 mixH ; 螖 mixS ?(鍦ㄦ┇绶氬収(n猫i)濉�>0锛�=0 鎴� 0锛� 锛圔锛�?U < 0锛� 锛圕锛塛 < 0锛� 锛圖锛�?H = 0銆�
6銆佸湪 100鈩�, 101.325 kPa 涓嬫湁 1 mol 鐨� H2O(l)锛屼娇鍏惰垏 100鈩冪殑澶х啽婧愭帴瑙稿苟浣垮叾鍚�
鐪熺┖涓捀鐧�(f膩)锛岃畩?y艒u)?100鈩�锛�101.325 kPa 鐨� H2O(g)锛屽皪(du矛)浜庨€欎竴閬庣▼鍙互鐢ㄥ摢鍊�(g猫)閲忎締鍒ゆ柗
閬庣▼鐨勬柟鍚�锛�( ) 锛�2 鍒嗭級
锛圓锛�?S (绯荤当(t菕ng))锛� 锛圔锛�?S (绯荤当(t菕ng))+?S (鐠�(hu谩n)澧�)锛� 锛圕锛�?G锛� 锛圖锛�?S (鐠�(hu谩n)澧�)銆�
7銆佸伐浣滃湪 100鈩冨拰 25鈩冪殑鍏╁ぇ鐔辨簮闁撶殑鍗¤鐔辨(j墨)锛屽叾鏁堢巼锛� 锛�銆傦紙2 鍒嗭級
锛圓锛�20 %锛涳紙B锛�25 %锛涳紙C锛�75%锛涳紙D锛�100 %銆�
8銆� 298 K 鏅�(sh铆)锛岀煶澧ㄧ殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐢熸垚鐒� 螖 fHm
?
锛�( )銆傦紙2 鍒嗭級
(A) 澶т簬闆�锛� (B) 灏忎簬闆讹紱 (C) 绛変簬闆�锛� (D) 涓嶈兘纰哄畾銆�
9銆佺瓑婧瓑澹撲笅锛屾煇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨� 螖 rGm
?
=2.5 kJ路mol
-1
瑭插弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氾紙 锛�銆傦紙2 鍒嗭級
锛圓锛夎兘姝ｅ悜鑷櫦(f膩)閫�(j矛n)琛�锛� 锛圔锛夎兘鍙嶅悜鑷櫦(f膩)閫�(j矛n)琛�锛涳紙C锛夋柟鍚戠劇娉曞垽鏂�锛� 锛圖锛変笉鑳介€�(j矛n)琛屻€�
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831锛圓 鍗凤級绗� 2 闋�锛屽叡 3 闋�
10銆佹煇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼绯�(甯�)鏁�(sh霉)鑸囧悇鍏冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼绯�(甯�)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯荤偤 k=k2 ( )k k1 4
2
1 2
锛屽墖瑭插弽鎳�(y墨ng)
鐨勮〃瑙€娲诲寲鑳� E a 鑸囧悇鍏冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲诲寲鑳界殑闂�(gu膩n)绯荤偤锛氾紙 锛夈€傦紙2 鍒嗭級
锛圓锛塃a=E2+ 1
2
E1锛岴4锛涳紙B锛塃a=E2+
1
2
锛圗1锛岴4锛�锛涳紙C锛塃a=E2+锛圗1锛�2E4锛�
1/2
锛涳紙D锛夌劇娉曞垽鏂�銆�
涓�銆佸晱绛旈锛堟湰椤� 22 鍒嗭級.
1銆佸浣曞畾缇╄啝楂旂郴绲�(t菕ng)锛熻啝楂旂郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勪富瑕佺壒寰佹槸浠€涔堬紵锛�5 鍒嗭級
2銆佸湪涓€鍊�(g猫)灏侀枆鐨勯悩缃╁収(n猫i)锛屾湁澶у皬涓嶇瓑鐨勫叐鍊�(g猫)鐞冨舰娑叉淮锛屽晱闀锋檪(sh铆)闁撴亽婧斁缃悗锛屾渻(hu矛)鍑虹従(xi脿n)
浠€涔堢従(xi脿n)璞�锛燂紙5 鍒嗭級
3銆佸凡鐭� 293 K 鏅�(sh铆)锛屼箼閱�/姘达紝姹�/涔欓啔锛屾睘/姘寸殑鐣岄潰寮靛姏鍒嗗垾鐐� 10.7 脳10
-3
N路m
-1
锛�379 脳10
-3
N路m
-1
锛�375 脳10
-3
N路m
-1
銆傜敤婊寸鍦ㄤ箼閱氳垏姹炵殑鐣岄潰涓婃淮涓€婊存按锛岃│
姹傚叾鎺ヨЦ瑙�?銆傦紙5 鍒嗭級
4銆佷互绛夐珨绌嶇殑 0.1 mol路dm
-3
AgNO3 鍜� 0.08 mol路dm
-3
KCl 婧舵恫鍒跺倷 AgCl 婧惰啝銆傦紙1锛�
瑭﹀鍑鸿啝鍦�(tu谩n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忥紙4 鍒嗭級锛涳紙2锛夊姞鍏ラ浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛) MgSO4锛孉lCl3锛孨a3PO4 浣夸笂杩版憾鑶犺仛娌�锛�
鍓囬浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)鑱氭矇鑳藉姏澶у皬闋嗗簭鏄粈涔堬紵锛�3 鍒嗭級
鍥�銆侊紙鏈12鍒嗭級1 mol 闆欏師瀛愮悊鎯虫埃楂旂敱298?15 K锛�100 kPa鐨勫鍔涗笅缍�(j墨ng)绛夋韩鍙€嗗绺�
澧炶嚦600 kPa鐨勭祩鎱�(t脿i)銆傝│姹傝┎閬庣▼鐨�?U锛�?H锛�?G锛�?A锛�?S锛學鍜孮锛�
浜�銆�(鏈 12 鍒�) 濮嬫厠(t脿i) 300 K锛�1 MPa 鐨勫柈鍘熷瓙鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨 2 mol锛屽弽鎶� 0.2 MPa 鐨勬亽瀹�
澶栧绲曠啽涓嶅彲閫嗚啫鑴硅嚦骞宠 鎱�(t脿i)锛屾眰閬庣▼鐨� W锛孮锛屛� U锛屛� H 鍙� 螖 S銆�
鍏€�(鏈 8 鍒�)60鈩冩檪(sh铆)鐢查唶鐨勯＝鍜岃捀姘ｅ鏄� 83.4kPa锛屼箼閱囩殑椋藉拰钂告埃澹撴槸 47.0kPa銆�
浜岃€呭彲褰㈡垚鐞嗘兂娑叉厠(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗╋紝鑻ユ贩鍚堢墿鐨勭祫鎴愮偤璩�(zh矛)閲忕櫨鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)鍚� 50%锛屾眰 60鈩冩檪(sh铆)姝ゆ贩鍚�
鐗╃殑骞宠 钂告埃绲勬垚锛屼互鎽╃埦鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)琛ㄧず銆傚叾涓� M 鐢查唶=32.042锛孧 涔欓唶=46.069銆�
涓�銆�(鏈 8 鍒�)鍦� 750鈩冿紝绺藉鍔涚偤 4266 Pa锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
2
1
SnO2(s) + H2(g) ==
2
1
Sn (s) + H2O(g)閬�(d谩)骞宠 鏅�(sh铆)锛屾按钂告埃鐨勫垎澹撳姏鐐� 3160 Pa銆�
锛�1锛夋眰椤岀郸鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍦� 750鈩冧笅鐨� K 锛涳紙4 鍒嗭級
锛�2锛夎嫢鐭ュ弽鎳�(y墨ng) H2(g) + CO2(g) = CO (g) + H2O(g) 鍦� 750鈩冩檪(sh铆)鐨� K1 = 0.773锛�
瑭︽眰涓嬪垪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨� K2 锛氾紙4 鍒嗭級
2
1
SnO2(s) + CO(g) ==
2
1
Sn(s) + CO2 (g) ( p = 100 kPa)
鍏�銆�(鏈10鍒�)闆绘睜锛� Ag鈹侫gCl(s)鈹侹Cl(aq)鈹侶g2Cl2(s)鈹侶g(l)锛屽湪298 K鏅�(sh铆)鐨勯浕鍕�(d貌ng)
鍕� E = 0.0455 V锛�(?E/?T )p= 3.38脳10
-4
V路K
-1
锛屽鍑鸿┎闆绘睜鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽苟姹傚嚭 螖 rHm锛�
螖 rSm鍙婂彲閫嗘斁闆绘檪(sh铆)鐨勭啽鏁堟噳(y墨ng)Qr銆�
涔�銆� (鏈 8 鍒�) 鏌愪竴绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫�(j矛n)琛� 10 min 鍚庯紝鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐗╁弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎺� 30%銆傚晱鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鎺� 50%
闇€澶氬皯鏅�(sh铆)闁擄紵
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831锛圓 鍗凤級绗� 3 闋�锛屽叡 3 闋�
鍗併€侊紙鏈 8 鍒嗭級鐠�(hu谩n)姘т箼鐑风殑鐔卞垎瑙ｆ槸涓€绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾椿鍖栬兘鐐� 218.0 kJ路mol
锛�1
锛屽湪 378.5鈩�
鏅�(sh铆)鐨勫崐琛版湡鐐� 363 min锛岃│浼拌▓(j矛)鍦� 450鈩冩檪(sh铆)鍒嗚В 75%鐨勭挵(hu谩n)姘т箼鐑锋墍闇€鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁�銆�
鍗佷竴銆侊紙鏈 13 鍒嗭級鍦栫偤 A锛孊 鎭掑浜岀祫鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬韩搴︹€旂祫鎴愬浐銆佹恫骞宠 鐩稿湒銆傛眰锛�
1锛夎珛鏍规摎(j霉)鐩稿湒鍒ゆ柗 I 鑷� VI 鍚勭浉鍗€(q奴)鐨勭浉鑱氶泦鎱�(t脿i)锛�(3 鍒�)
2锛夌郸鍑哄湒涓嚜鐢卞害鐐� 0 鐨勯粸(di菐n)鍜岀窔銆�(2 鍒�)
3锛夌躬鍑虹郴绲�(t菕ng)鐢遍粸(di菐n) a 鍐峰嵒鑷� d 榛�(di菐n)鐨勫喎鍗绘洸绶氱ず鎰忓湒锛屽苟鏍规摎(j霉)鐩稿緥绠楀嚭鍚勯殠娈电殑鑷�
鐢卞害鏁�(sh霉)銆�(8 鍒�)
鍗佷簩銆侊紙鏈 8 鍒嗭級瑷�(j矛)绠� 373.15K 鏅�(sh铆)锛屼笅鍒楁儏娉佷笅褰庢洸娑查潰鎵垮彈鐨勯檮鍔犲銆傚凡鐭� 373.15K
鏅�(sh铆)姘寸殑琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏鐐� 58.91脳10
-3
N路m
-1
銆傝▓(j矛)绠楋細
锛�1锛夋按涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鍗婂緫鐐� 0.1渭 m 鐨勫皬姘ｆ场锛�(4 鍒�)
锛�2锛夌┖姘ｄ腑瀛樺湪鐨勫崐寰戠偤 0.1渭 m 鐨勫皬姘ｆ场銆�(4 鍒�)
鍗佷笁銆侊紙鏈 7 鍒嗭級宸茬煡 298 K 鏅�(sh铆)
(1) C6H5COOH(s) + 7.5O2(g) == 7CO2(g) + 3H2O(l),?rH ,1(298 K) =-3230 kJ路mol
-1
;
(2) C(鐭冲ⅷ) + O2(g) == CO2(g), ?rH ,2(298 K) =-394 kJ路mol
-1
;
(3) H2(g) + 0.5O2(g) == H2O(l) , ?rH ,3(298 K) =-286 kJ路mol
-1
;
姹傦細C6H5COOH(s)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐢熸垚鐒� ?fH (C6H5COOH , s , 298 K)
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锛堣│椤屽畬锛�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵�(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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