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Part I Literary Identification (Read the following 10 excerpts, and identify the names of the
works and their authors. 3 points for each excerpt, and 30 points in all.)
1. 鈥淩eading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, writing an exact man.鈥�
2. 鈥淭o be, or not to be鈥攖hat is the question: / Whether ?tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The
slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles鈥�
3. 鈥淎lmost five thousand years agone, there were Pilgrims walking to the C?lestial City, as
these two honest persons are; and Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion, with their Companions,
perceiving by the path that the Pilgrims made, that their way to the City lay through this Town of
Vanity, they contrived here to set up a Fair; a Fair wherein should be sold all sorts of Vanity, and
that it should last all the year long: therefore at this Fair are all such Merchandize sold, as
Houses, Lands, Trades, Places, Honours, Preferments, Titles, Countries, Kingdoms, Lusts,
Pleasures, and Delights of all sorts, as Whores, Bawds, Wives, Husbands, Children, Masters,
Servants, Lives, Blood, Bodies, Souls, Silver, Gold, Pearls, Precious Stones, and what not?鈥�
4. 鈥淢y master told me there were some qualities remarkable in the Yahoos, which he had not
observed me to mention, or at least very slightly, in the accounts I had given of humankind.鈥�
鈥淏ut something always returned swift upon me to check these thoughts, and to reprove me; and
particularly one day, walking with my gun in my hand by the seaside, I was very pensive upon
the subject of my present condition, when reason, as it were, expostulated with me the other way,
thus: ?Well, you are in a desolate condition, it is true; but, pray remember, where are the rest of
you? Did not you come, eleven of you in the boat? Where are the ten? Why were they not saved,
and you lost? Why were you singled out? Is it better to be here or there?? And then I pointed to
the sea. All evils are to be considered with the good that is in them, and with what worse attends
them.鈥�
5. 鈥淎t a certain season of our life we are accustomed to consider every spot a possible site of a
house. I have thus surveyed the country on every side within a dozen miles of where I live. In
imagination I have bought all the farms in succession, for all were to be bought, and I knew their
price.鈥�
6. 鈥淒URING the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the
clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a
singularly dreary tract of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of evening drew on,
within view of the melancholy House of Usher. I know not how it was鈥攂ut, with the first
glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. I say insufferable; for
the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which
the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible.鈥�
7. 鈥淥 Captain! My Captain! our fearful trip is done; / The ship has weather'd every rack, the
prize we sought is won; / The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, / While follow
eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring:鈥�
8. 鈥淪imon Wheeler backed me into a corner and blockaded me there with his chair鈥攁nd then sat
down and reeled off the monotonous narrative which follows this paragraph. He never smiled, he
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never frowned, he never changed his voice from the quiet, gently-flowing key to which he turned
the initial sentence, he never betrayed the slightest suspicion of enthusiasm鈥攂ut all through the
interminable narrative there ran a vein of impressive earnestness and sincerity, which showed me
plainly that so far from his imagining that there was anything ridiculous or funny about his story,
he regarded it as a really important matter, and admired its two heroes as men of transcendent
genius in finesse. To me, the spectacle of a man drifting serenely along through such a q ueer
yarn without ever smiling was exquisitely absurd. As I said before, I asked him to tell me what
he knew of Rev. Leonidas W. Smily, and he replied as follows. I let him go on in his own way,
and never interrupted him once:鈥�
9. 鈥淕atsby believed in that green light, the orgiastic future that year by year recedes before us. It
eluded us then, but that?s no matter鈥攖omorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms
farther鈥nd one fine morning-- / So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back
ceaselessly into the past.鈥�
10. 鈥淔or oft, when on my couch I lie / In vacant or in pensive mood, / They flash upon that
inward eye / Which is the bliss of solitude; / And then my heart with pleasure fills, / And dances
with the daffodils.鈥�
Part II Literary and Critical Terms (Choose FIVE terms, and explain each of them in
English in about 80 words. 6 points for each, and 30 points in all.)
1. allegory
2. narrative
3. Renaissance
4. irony
5. blank verse
6. Enlightenment
7. satire
8. point of view
9. prose
10. Sonnet
Part III Literary Analysis (Read the following 6 excerpts, and answer the questions
following each excerpt according to the requirement. 10 points for each excerpt, and 60
points in all.)
Read the following poem and answer the questions followed.
When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,
I all alone beweep my outcast state,
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
And look upon myself, and curse my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
Featur'd like him, like him with friends possess'd,
Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least;
Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
Like to the lark at break of day arising
From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
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For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.
Q1: Please translate the following two lines: 鈥淲hen, in disgrace with fortune and men?s eyes, /
I all alone beweep my outcast state,鈥�
Q2. What life philosophy is expressed in the poem?
2. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions followed
In a Station of the Metro
The apparition of these faces in the crowd;
Petals on a wet, black bough
Q1. Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians 鈥渁pparition鈥�?
Q2. What images do you find in the poem?
Q3. What do 鈥減etals鈥� and 鈥渂ough鈥� stand for?
Q4. Which poetic techniques does the poem employ?
3. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions followed
鈥淲ithin these plantations of God, a decorum and sanctity reign, a perennial festival is dressed,
and the guest sees not how he should tire of them in a thousand years. In the woods, we return
to reason and faith. There I feel that nothing can befall me in life, 鈥� no disgrace, no calamity,
(leaving me my eyes,) which nature cannot repair. Standing on the bare ground, 鈥� my head
bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, 鈥� all mean egotism vanishes. I
become a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being
circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. The name of the nearest friend sounds then
foreign and accidental: to be brothers, to be acquaintances, 鈥� master or servant, is then a trifle
and a disturbance. I am the lover of uncontained and immortal beauty. In the wilderness, I find
something more dear and connate than in streets or villages. In the tranquil landscape, and
especially in the distant line of the horizon, man beholds somewhat as beautiful as his own
nature.鈥�
Q1. According to the excerpt, what is 鈥渢ransparent eye-ball鈥�?
Q2. What is the function of 鈥渢ransparent eyeball鈥�?
Q3. How is the notion related to American literature?
4. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions followed
Tyger Tyger, burning bright,
In the forests of the night;
What immortal hand or eye,
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
In what distant deeps or skies.
Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand, dare seize the fire?
And what shoulder, & what art,
Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat,
What dread hand? & what dread feet?
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What the hammer? what the chain,
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? what dread grasp,
Dare its deadly terrors clasp!
When the stars threw down their spears
And water'd heaven with their tears:
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee?
Tyger Tyger burning bright,
In the forests of the night:
What immortal hand or eye,
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?
Q1. Who is the writer of this poem?
Q2. Which word in the poems could best describe the image of the tyger?
Q3. Which part of the tyger does 鈥渇earful symmetry鈥� describe?
Q4. How do you explain 鈥渟pears鈥� in stanza 5?
Q5. What does 鈥渉e鈥� in stanza 5 refer to?
5. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions followed
?My reasons for marrying are, first, that I think it a right thing for every clergyman in easy
circumstances (like myself) to set the example of matrimony in his parish; secondly, that I am
convinced it will add very greatly to my happiness; and, thirdly, which perhaps I ought to have
mentioned earlier, that it is the particular advice and recommendation of the very noble lady
whom I have the honour of calling patroness. Twice has she condescended to give me her
opinion (unasked too!) on this subject; and it was but the very Saturday night before I left
Hunsford,鈥攂etween our pools at quadrille, while Mrs. Jenkinson was arranging Miss De
Bourgh?s footstool,鈥攖hat she said, 鈥淢r. Collins, you must marry. A clergyman like you must
marry. Choose properly, choose a gentlewoman for my sake, and for your own; let her be an
active, useful sort of person, not brought up high, but able to make a small income go a good
way. This is my advice. Find such a woman as soon as you can, bring her to Hunsford, and I
will visit her.鈥� Allow me, by the way, to observe, my fair cousin, that I do not reckon the
notice and kindness of Lady Catherine de Bourgh as among the least of the advantages in my
power to offer. You will find her manners beyond anything I can describe; and your wit and
vivacity, I think, must be acceptable to her, especially when tempered with the silence and
respect which her rank will inevitably excite. Thus much for my general intention in favour of
matrimony; it remains to be told why my views were directed to Longbourn instead of my
own neighbourhood, where I assure you there are many amiable young women. But the fact is,
that being, as I am, to inherit this estate after the death of your honoured father (who, however,
may live many years longer), I could not satisfy myself without resolving to choose a wife
from among his daughters, that the loss to them might be as little as possible when the
melancholy event takes place which, however, as I have already said, may not be for several
years. This has been my motive, my fair cousin, and I flatter myself it will not sink me in your
esteem. And now nothing remains for me but to assure you in the most animated language of
the violence of my affection. To fortune I am perfectly indifferent, and shall make no demand
of that nature on your father, since I am well aware that it could not be complied with; and that
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one thousand pounds in the four per cents, which will not be yours till after your mother?s
decease, is all that you may ever be entitled to. On that head, therefore, I shall be uniformly
silent: and you may assure yourself that no ungenerous reproach shall ever pass my lips when
we are married.?
Q1. Who does 鈥淚鈥� in the excerpt refer to?
Q2. Who is 鈥淚鈥� addressing to?
Q3. Which factor dominates 鈥淢y reasons for marrying鈥�?
Q4. Which type of writing does the excerpt appear in?
6. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions followed
鈥淭he only house I had been the owner of before, if I except a boat, was a tent, which I used
occasionally when making excursions in the summer, and this is still rolled up in my garret;
but the boat, after passing from hand to hand, has gone down the stream of time. With this
more substantial shelter about me, I had made some progress toward settling in the world. This
frame, so slightly clad, was a sort of crystallization around me, and reacted on the builder. It
was suggestive somewhat as a picture in outlines. I did not need to go outdoors to take the air,
for the atmosphere within had lost none of its freshness. It was not so much within doors as
behind a door where I sat, even in the rainiest weather. The Harivansa says, ?An abode without
birds is like a meat without seasoning.? Such was not my abode, for I found myself suddenly
neighbor to the birds; not by having imprisoned one, but having caged myself near them.鈥�
Q1. Who is the author of the excerpt?
Q2. Why does the author use the quotation of Harivansa?
Q3. What kind of relation between man and nature is expressed in the excerpt?
Part IV Literary Commentary (Write your commentary in English in no less than 600
words. 30 points in all.)
鈥淧oetry, therefore, is a more philosophical and a higher thing than history: for poetry tends to
express the universal, history the particular.鈥� (Aristotle, Poetics). Do you agree or not? Illustrate
your points with examples from your reading of English and American literature.
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