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1.鏍搁吀鑸囨煋鑹查珨鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛欴NA 鐨勯洐铻烘棆绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸� DNA 鐨勫姛鑳藉拰寰�(f霉)鍒朵箣闁撶殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛汻NA 鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸�
鏍搁叾锛涙煋鑹查珨鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧京(f霉)鍒朵腑鎵€瑕佽В姹虹殑鍟忛锛涙煋鑹查珨鍩烘湰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾煋鑹查珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫嫊鎱�(t脿i)鎬у強鍏剁敓鐗�
瀛�(xu茅)鎰忕京锛屾煋鑹查珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍕曟厠(t脿i)鎬ф(j墨)鍒�銆�
2. DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒讹細鑱氬悎閰剁殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧偓鍖�锛汥NA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑閬庣▼锛涘京(f霉)鍒剁殑姗�(j墨)鍒�锛� DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒惰捣濮嬬殑瑾�(di脿o)鎺�锛�
DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑绲�(ji茅)鏉�
3.DNA 绐佽畩鑸囦慨寰�(f霉)锛欴NA 寰�(f霉)鍒堕尟瑾ょ殑鍘熷洜锛岄牷鐜�锛岄尟閰嶄慨寰�(f霉)姗�(j墨)鍒�锛汥NA 鎼嶅偡锛涙悕鍌蜂慨寰�(f霉)姗�(j墨)鍒�
4.DNA 閲嶇祫锛氬悓婧愰噸绲�锛涗綅榛�(di菐n)鐗圭暟鎬ч噸绲勮垏 DNA 杞�(zhu菐n)搴�
5.杞�(zhu菐n)閷勶細RNA 鑱氬悎閰剁殑绋鍜岀壒寰�锛孯NA 鑱氬悎閰跺偓鍖栫殑杞�(zhu菐n)閷勬椹�锛岃綁(zhu菐n)閷勫京(f霉)鍚堢墿鍦ㄨ綁(zhu菐n)閷勯亷绋嬩腑
鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏀硅畩锛涘師鏍歌綁(zhu菐n)閷勭殑閬庣▼锛涚湡鏍歌綁(zhu菐n)閷勯亷绋�锛涘姞宸�锛涚湡鏍� RNA 鑱氬悎閰� I 鍜� III 杞�(zhu菐n)閷� rRNA 鍜� tRNA锛�
灏� RNA 鐨勬(j墨)鍒�
6.RNA 鍓帴锛氫笉鍚岄鍨嬪収(n猫i)鍚瓙鍒嗗竷鍜� RNA 鍓帴鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛� I 鍨嬪拰 II 鍨嬪収(n猫i)鍚瓙鏍搁叾鐨勫壀鎺�
姗�(j墨)鍒�锛涘壀鎺ラ珨鐨勭祫鍒嗭紙snRNPs锛�锛涘壀鎺ラ珨鐨勭祫瑁�銆佸偓鍖栨(j墨)鍒�锛涘彲璁婂壀鎺�锛汻NA 绶ㄨ集銆�
7.缈昏鑸囬伜鍌冲瘑纰硷細mRNA 鐨勫姛鑳�锛泃RNA 鐨勫姛鑳斤紝绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼互鍙婃皑鍩洪吀瑁濊級閬庣▼锛涙牳绯栭珨锛涚炕
璀殑閬庣▼锛涢伜鍌冲瘑纰�銆�
8.鍘熸牳瑾�(di脿o)鎺э細瑾�(di脿o)鎺х殑鍩烘湰鍘熷墖锛� Lac 鎿嶇副瀛�锛涚暟妲�(g貌u)瑾�(di脿o)鎺э紱Trp 鎿嶇副瀛�锛涘櫖鑿岄珨婧舵簮鑸囪瑙�
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9.鐪熸牳瑾�(di脿o)鎺э細鐪熸牳淇濆畧鐨勮(di脿o)鎺ф(j墨)鍒�锛汥NA 绲�(ji茅)鍚堝拰婵€娲荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍩熺殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛涜綁(zhu菐n)閷勫洜瀛愶紱鏌撹壊楂斾慨椋�锛�
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10.瑾�(di脿o)鎺� RNAs锛氱窗(x矛)鑿屼腑 RNA 浠嬪皫(d菐o)鐨勮(di脿o)鎺�锛屽寘鎷� sRNA銆佹牳绯栭枊闂�(gu膩n)銆丆rsipr 绛夛紱鐪熸牳鐢熺墿 RNA
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11.鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛氭牳閰告妧琛�(sh霉)锛屽寘鎷浕娉�锛岄叾鍒�锛岄洔浜わ紙Southern锛夛紝PCR 鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勫師鐞�銆侀亷
绋嬪拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涘厠闅嗘妧琛�(sh霉)锛屽寘鎷厠闅嗚級楂旇垏鍏嬮殕鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽熀鍥犵祫鍜� cDNA 鏂囧韩寤虹珛锛涙脯搴�锛涘熀鍥犺〃閬�(d谩)鍙�
琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鍒嗘瀽锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)绱斿寲鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛涜泲鐧界祫瀛�(xu茅)锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鑸囨牳閰哥浉浜掍綔鐢ㄧ殑鐮旂┒锛涘ぇ鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勭爺绌舵柟娉�锛�
杞�(zhu菐n)鍩哄洜鏂规硶锛涘熀鍥犵法杓妧琛�(sh霉)绛�銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
