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4锛嶥NA 绐佽畩锛堟悕鍌凤級鑸囦慨寰╃殑姒傚康銆�
5锛嶥NA 鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勮捣濮�銆佸欢闀�銆佺祩姝笁鍊嬮殠娈电殑閬庣▼锛屽京鍒剁殑鍗婁笉閫ｇ簩(x霉)鎬у拰宀″磶鐗囨鐨勬蹇�銆�
6锛庡師鏍歌垏鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鐨� DNA 鑱氬悎閰剁殑浣滅敤銆�
7锛庨€嗚綁(zhu菐n)閷勮垏閫嗚綁(zhu菐n)閷勯叾鐨勬蹇�銆�
8锛庣湡鏍哥敓鐗╃殑绔矑鑸囩绮掗叾鐨勪綔鐢�銆�
锛堝崄涓€锛塕NA 鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴愶紙杞�(zhu菐n)閷勶級
1锛庤綁(zhu菐n)閷勭殑姒傚康鍙婄壒榛�锛岃綁(zhu菐n)閷勮垏寰╁埗閬庣▼鐨勬瘮杓�銆�
2锛庤綁(zhu菐n)閷勭殑妯℃澘銆佹ā鏉胯垏 RNA 鑱氬悎閰剁殑绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛岄爢寮忎綔鐢ㄥ厓浠惰垏鍙嶅紡浣滅敤鍥犲瓙銆�
3锛嶳NA 杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫悗鐨勫姞宸ラ亷绋嬪寘鎷� mRNA 鐨勫寲瀛镐慨椋惧強鍓帴閬庣▼锛�
4锛庡師鏍哥敓鐗╄垏鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鐨� RNA 鑱氬悎閰剁殑绋鍙婂姛鑳�銆�
5锛庡師鏍哥敓鐗╄垏鐪熸牳鐢熺墿杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑閬庣▼鍖呮嫭杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑璧峰銆佺敘(ch菐n)鐗╅張鐨勫欢闀峰強杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑绲傛
6锛� rRNA 鐨勮嚜鎴戝壀鎺ラ亷绋嬩互鍙婃牳閰剁殑姒傚康鍙婂姛鑳�銆�
锛堝崄浜岋級铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴愶紙缈昏锛�
1锛庨珨鍏�(n猫i)铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴愮殑姒傚康锛岃泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)鍖呮嫭锛氬師鏂�銆佷笁绋� RNA 鍙婃煇浜涜泲鐧藉洜
瀛�銆�
2锛庝笁绋� RNA 鍦ㄨ泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚涓殑浣滅敤銆�
3锛庤泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勯亷绋嬶紝鍖呮嫭姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑娲诲寲鑸囪綁(zhu菐n)閬�锛岀敓鎴愭皑鍩洪叞-tRNA 鍙婃牳铔嬬櫧寰挵(hu谩n)閬庣▼銆�
5锛庢姉鐢熺礌灏嶅師鏍哥敓鐗╄泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勫共鎿惧拰鎶戝埗姗熺悊銆�
6锛庡共鎿剧礌灏嶇梾姣掕泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勫共鎿惧拰鎶戝埗鐨勬鐞嗐€�
7锛庣炕璀悗鍔犲伐锛氫竴绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪慨椋�銆侀珮绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪慨椋炬牳闈跺悜杓搁€�銆�
锛堝崄涓夛級鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈瑾�(di脿o)鎺�
1锛庡熀鍥犺〃閬旂殑姒傚康銆佹柟寮忓拰鐗归粸銆�
2锛庡熀鍥犺〃閬旇(di脿o)鎺х殑鐢熺墿瀛告剰缇�銆�
3锛庡熀鍥犺〃閬旇(di脿o)鎺х殑瑕佺礌鍙婇噸瑕佹蹇�銆�
4锛庡師鏍搞€佺湡鏍稿熀鍥犺〃閬旇(di脿o)鎺х殑鍘熺悊銆�
5锛庡師鏍�銆佺湡鏍稿熀鍥犺〃閬旇(di脿o)鎺х殑涓昏鍗€(q奴)鍒�銆�
4
锛堝崄鍥涳級鍩哄洜閲嶇祫鍙婂熀鍥犲伐绋�
1锛庡熀鍥犲伐绋嬬浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨勫熀鏈蹇碉細DNA 鍏嬮殕銆侀檺鍒舵€ф牳閰稿収(n猫i)鍒囬叾銆佸熀鍥犺級楂�銆佽仛鍚堥叾閺堝紡鍙嶆噳銆�
2锛庝互璩�(zh矛)绮掔偤杓夐珨閫茶 DNA 鍏嬮殕鐨勫熀鏈亷绋�銆佺洰鐨勫強鎰忕京銆�
3锛庤嚜鐒剁晫鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鍩哄洜杞�(zhu菐n)绉�銆佸熀鍥犻噸绲勩€�
4锛庨噸绲� DNA 鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勬噳鐢�銆�
锛堝崄浜旓級甯哥敤鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛告妧琛�(sh霉)鍘熺悊鍙婂叾鎳夌敤
1锛庢牳閰稿垎瀛愰洔浜ょ殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛屾牳閰歌畩鎬ц垏寰╂€х殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
2锛嶱CR 鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栧拰鎿嶄綔瑕�(gu墨)绋�銆�
3锛嶹estern blot 鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栧拰鎿嶄綔瑕�(gu墨)绋嬨€�
鍏嶈铂鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
