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3. 闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)锛氭硶鎷夌瀹氬緥锛涜兘鏂壒鏂圭▼
4. 鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)銆佺晫闈㈣垏鑶犻珨鍖栧(xu茅)锛氬寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼鐞嗚珫锛涙埃楂斿弽鎳�(y墨ng)纰版挒鐞嗚珫銆侀亷娓℃厠(t脿i)鐞嗚珫锛涘厜鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
绗竴瀹氬緥鍜岀浜屽畾寰�銆侀噺瀛愭晥鐜�锛涘鐩稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氳彶鍏嬬涓€銆佺浜屽畾寰嬶紱鍌寲浣滅敤鍘熺悊锛涘惛闄勭悊璜栧拰绛夋韩鏂�
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锛堜笁锛夊熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�
1. 鍩虹(ch菙)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)锛氱喌绛夌啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍙冩暩(sh霉)瑷堢畻锛涘厠鍕炰紤鏂�-鍏嬫媺浣╅緧锛圕lausius-Clapeyron锛夋柟绋�锛涘悏甯冩柉-
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2. 澶氱祫鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 锛氬亸鎽╃埦閲忕殑闆嗗悎鍏紡锛涘悏甯冩柉-鏉滀亥濮嗗叕寮�锛涢＝鍜岃捀姹藉鐨勬脯瀹氾紱
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4. 闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)锛氬師闆绘睜闆诲嫊鍕㈠強鍏惰垏鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涘彲閫嗛浕姹犻浕鍕曞嫝鍙婇浕鍕曞嫝婧害绯绘暩(sh霉)鐨勬脯瀹�锛涙椿
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5. 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)锛氱啊鍠礆鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氫竴绱氥€佷簩绱�銆佷笁绱�銆侀浂绱氬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)锛涘弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱氭暩(sh霉)鍙婇€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勬脯
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
