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浜嗚В澶氱挵(hu谩n)鑺抽鍖栧悎鐗╁拰闈炶嫰鑺抽楂旂郴銆愪紤鍏嬭€筹紙Huckel锛夎(gu墨)鍓囥€戙€�
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6銆�
浜嗚В楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻￠沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫懡鍚嶅強閲嶈鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屽寘鎷€愬彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氭按瑙ｃ€侀唶
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锛圙rignard锛夎│鍔�銆佹湁姗�(j墨)閶拌│鍔戙€佹鎱堬紙Wurtz锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堟湁姗�(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗╃殑姒傚康锛夈€�锛�
鎺屾彙椋藉拰纰冲師瀛愪笂鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氬彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞� SN1銆丼N2; 娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞� E1銆丒2锛涚兎鍩�
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7銆�
鐔熸倝閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶅拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涘悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)锛堝畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鐣版(g貌u)锛夊拰 鍏夎瓬鐗规€�锛�
鎺屾彙閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶細姘嵉鈥旈唶鑸囬啔灏�(du矛)姣�锛岄唶鑸囩殑閰氱殑閰告€у皪(du矛)姣�銆傘€愭帉鎻￠唶鑸�
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琚疆鎻涘弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堥劙鍩哄弮鑸囨晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛夈€�銆�
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浜嗚В閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔涓噸瑕佺殑鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸悎鎴愭柟娉曞強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紱
鎺屾彙閱囩殑鍒舵硶锛氶沟浠ｇ兇姘磋В锛岄啗銆侀叜鐨勯倓鍘�锛岀敱鏍兼皬瑭﹀姂鍚堟垚锛岀儻鐑寸殑缇ユ睘鍖�銆�
鎺屾彙閰氱殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
锛�1锛� 閰氱茎鍩虹殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬急閰告€�銆侀厷閱氱殑鐢熸垚銆侀’鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛� FeCl3 锛夛紱
锛�2锛� 鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
浜嗚В鑻厷鐨勫埗鍌欏拰鐢ㄩ€�銆�
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鎺屾彙閱氱殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶菇鐨勭敓鎴�銆侀啔閸电殑鏂疯銆侀亷姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚銆�
8銆�
鎺屾彙閱�銆侀叜鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚� 銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婄暟妲�(g貌u)銆佺墿鎬у強鍏夎瓬鐗规€�锛涙帉鎻￠啗銆侀叜椤炵景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨�
閲嶈鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛涚啛鎮夐噸瑕侀啗銆侀叜鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸悎鎴愭柟娉曞拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻￠啗閰缇板熀鍖栧悎鐗╄垏鍚哀銆佸惈纭�銆佸惈纰�銆佸惈姘Κ鏍歌│鍔戠殑鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屽姞鎴�
鈥旀秷鍘诲弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屽奖闊跨景鍩烘椿鎬х殑鍥犵礌锛氬姞 HCN銆� NaHSO3銆� RSH銆� RMgX銆� ROH銆� H2O锛岃垏鏈�
姗�(j墨)鑳哄強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勫姞鎴愮府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛浳� 鈥�?d煤)婀擃厫鎷ュ纾�?y墨ng)锛氶沟浠ｏ紙楣典豢鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�锛涚茎閱涚府鍚堝拰姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
a),姘у寲锛氭墭鍊紙Tollens锛夎│鍔�銆佽不(f猫i)鏋楋紙Fehling锛夎│鍔�銆佸挤(qi谩ng)姘у寲鍔�锛� b),閭勫師锛欻2, LiAlH4, NaBH4, B2H6,
Me2CHOAl, Zn/Hg/H+
, NH2NH2/KOH 绛夐倓鍘熸垚閱囷紙闆欏垎瀛愰倓鍘燂級銆侀倓鍘熸垚鐑�銆佸厠閲岄杸閬滐紙Clemmensen锛�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹鐖惧か鈥斺€旈枊姝囩磵锛圵ollf-Kishner锛夆€旈粌槌撮緧鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛沜),姝у寲锛氬悍灏兼煡缇咃紙Cannizzaro锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
鎺屾彙閱�銆侀叜鐨勫埗娉曪細閱囩殑姘у寲銆佺兇鐨勬哀鍖栵紝鍋曚簩楣典唬鐗╃殑姘磋В锛屽倕鈥斿厠?锛涱姮顕；?y墨ng)锛� 鐐旂兇鐨勭景
鍩哄寲锛岀晶閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勯倓鍘熴€�
鐔熸倝閲嶈鐨勯啗銆侀叜锛氱敳閱�銆佷箼閱涳紙涔欑儻姘у寲鍚堟垚涔欓啗锛変笁姘箼閱涖€佽嫰鐢查啗锛堝畨鎭绺悎锛�銆佷笝閰�銆�
涓佷簩閰紙閹宠│鍔戯級銆佺挵(hu谩n)宸遍叜 [璨濆厠鏇硷紙 Bechmann 锛塢 閲嶆帓銆�
9銆�
浜嗚В缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�锛涚啛鎮夌晶閰哥殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂厜璀滅壒鎬�锛涙帉鎻＄晶閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勯噸
瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)锛涚啛鎮夊拰鎺屾彙涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝鍜屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰湪鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
鎺屾彙缇ч吀鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶吀鎬э紝缇у熀涓矮鍘熷瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝彇浠ｅ熀灏�(du矛)閰告€х殑褰遍熆銆佽獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛夈€佸舰鎴愰吀楣�銆�
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鍩虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥叝鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬绋嬶細 闂℃槑姗�(j墨)鐞嗙殑鍚屼綅绱犳硶锛夈€�
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鐔熸倝缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╁閰伴沟銆侀叝銆侀叞鑳�銆佽厛鐨勫垎椤�銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)姣旇純銆佺墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽埗鍌欙紱
鎺屾彙缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鐩镐簰杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栵細瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝姞鎴愨€旀秷鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛�銆佹按瑙ｃ€侀唶瑙�銆佹皑
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锛� Hofffmann 锛夐檷瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻� 涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝鍜屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰殑鍒跺倷鑸囨噳(y墨ng)鐢細
a), 涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝锛氬埗鍌欍€佷簰璁婄暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
b), 涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
10銆�
浜嗚В灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u) (enantiomers) 鐝�(xi脿n)璞°€佺墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勬棆鍏夋€ц垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙細鎵嬫€�(Chiral)銆佸皪(du矛)绋卞洜绱狅紙灏�(du矛)
绋遍潰銆佸皪(du矛)绋变腑蹇冿級銆佸钩闈㈠亸鎸厜鍜屾棆鍏夋€�銆佹棆鍏夊剙鍜屾瘮鏃嬪厜搴�銆�
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b), 灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑妲�(g貌u)鍨嬶細鐩稿皪(du矛)妲�(g貌u)鍨嬪拰绲曞皪(du矛)妲�(g貌u)鍨�銆佹帉鎻℃(g貌u)鍨嬬殑 R/S 娉曪紙娆″簭瑕�(gu墨)鍓囷級銆佷簡瑙� D/L 娉曪紱
c), 鍚叐鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鍖栧悎鐗╃殑灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)锛氶潪灏�(du矛)鏄犻珨銆佸収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂�锛�
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11銆�
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12銆�
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
