|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
浜戝崡澶у
銆婁腑鍦嬮€氬彶銆�
鈪�銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰強瑕佹眰
灏嶄腑鍦嬮€氬彶鐨勪簡瑙ｆ槸浜烘枃绀剧灏堟キ(y猫)鐮旂┒鐢熷繀鍌欑殑鍩烘湰绱犻(y菐ng)锛屾寜鐓ф暀鑲查儴鐩搁棞(gu膩n)
瑕�(gu墨)瀹氬拰瀛告牎灏堟キ(y猫)瑷�(sh猫)缃殑瑕佹眰锛屾湰闄㈢祼(ji茅)鍚堥暦鏈熶互渚嗙殑鏁欏瀵﹁笎锛屽埗瀹氭湰纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛歌€冭│澶х侗锛�
鑰冪敓闋堟帉鎻＄殑閲嶉粸鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰涓嬶細
1 鍙や唬鍙查儴鍒�
锛�1锛変腑鍦嬫鍙茬殑璧锋簮
涓湅澧冨収(n猫i)鐨勯仩鍙や汉椤�锛涚煶鍣ㄦ檪浠ｏ紱鏃╂湡鐨勮静(n贸ng)鑰曟枃鏄�锛涗腑鑿枃鏄庣殑鏇欏厜
锛�2锛変笂鍙や笁浠ｏ細澶忋€佸晢銆佽タ鍛�
灏嬭涓殑澶�锛涙澅浜為泟閭︼細鍟嗭紱鏂囨槑鐨勫鍩猴細瑗垮懆鈥滃皝寤衡€�锛�
锛�3锛夋鍙插ぇ璁婂嫊锛氭槬绉嬫埌(zh脿n)鍦�
绀炬渻绉╁簭鐨勬€ュ妵璁婂嫊锛涚稉(j墨ng)婵熺殑绐侀鐚涢€茶垏绀炬渻绲勭箶鐨勬敼璁�锛涒€滃ぇ涓€绲�(t菕ng)鈥濈殑鍓嶅锛�
鍚勫湅璁婃硶锛涜瀛愮璧疯垏鈥滅櫨瀹剁埈槌粹€�
锛�4锛夊ぇ涓€绲�(t菕ng)甯濆湅鐨勫壍(chu脿ng)鍒讹細绉�銆佹饥
鈥滃ぇ涓€绲�(t菕ng)鈥濆笣鍒剁殑纰虹珛锛涚Е鐨勬毚鏀胯垏绉︽湞鐨勮婊呰タ婕細甯濆湅鐨勯噸寤哄拰绌�(w臎n)鍥猴紱婕�
姝﹀笣鏅備唬锛涜タ婕㈢殑琛拌惤鍜屾柊鏈濈殑鏀归潻锛涙澅婕㈢殑鐩涜“锛涙饥浠ｇ殑鏂囧寲鑸囩鎶€
锛�5锛夊笣鍦嬬殑鍒嗚锛氫笁鍦嬨€佸叐鏅夊崡鍖楁湞
涓夊湅榧庣珛锛涜タ鏅夎垏鏉辨檳锛涘嫊钑╀腑鐨勫崡鍖椾腑鍦�锛涗簜涓栦腑鐨勬枃鍖栬嚜瑕�
锛�6锛夊笣鍦嬬殑绻佹Ξ鑸囬枊鏀撅細闅嬪攼
闅嬪攼闁嬪湅閲嶅缓绲�(t菕ng)涓€锛涚洓鍞愮殑绀炬渻鑸囨枃鍖�锛涒€滃畨鍙蹭箣浜傗€濆墠鍚庣殑绀炬渻璁婇伔
锛�7锛夊笣鍒舵垚鐔熻垏绀炬渻杞�(zhu菐n)鍨嬶細浜斾唬閬煎畫瑗垮閲�
閬庢浮鏈熺殑娣蜂簜鑸囩礇鐖紱姘戞棌鏀挎瑠(qu谩n)鐨勫鍏冨苟绔�锛涚ぞ鏈冪稉(j墨ng)婵熺殑娣卞埢杞�(zhu菐n)鍨�锛涜嚮浜庡窋
宄扮殑鏂囧寲鎴愬氨
锛�8锛夊ぇ涓€绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫啀瀵︾従(xi脿n)锛氬厓
鍐嶉€犵当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勫厓鏈濇斂娆�(qu谩n)锛涘厓鏈濈当(t菕ng)娌绘斂绛栫殑鎴愯垏??锛涘厓鏈濈殑绉戞妧鑸囨枃鍖�
锛�9锛夊悰涓绘サ娆�(qu谩n)鐨勫笣鍦嬮珨鍒讹細鏄�
鏄庢湞鐨勫缓绔嬪強鍏跺埗搴﹀壍(chu脿ng)瑷�(sh猫)锛涙槑鏈濅腑鍚庢湡鐨勬斂灞€锛涗竴娉笁鎶樼殑涓浜ゆ祦锛�
锛�10锛夊闄借タ涓嬬殑甯濆湅绲�(t菕ng)娌伙細娓�(鑷� 1840 骞�)
寰炲叆灞呬腑鍘熷埌骞冲畾澶╀笅锛涒€滃悍涔剧洓涓栤€濈殑娌婚亾锛涙湯浠ｇ帇鏈濈殑鐢辩洓杞�(zhu菐n)琛�
2 杩戜唬鍙查儴鍒�
锛�1锛� 瑗挎柟璩囨湰涓荤京鐨勬澅渚佃垏涓湅鐨勬噳(y墨ng)灏�
娓呮斂搴滅殑绂佺厵閬嬪嫊锛涢磯鐗囨埌(zh脿n)鐖� 锛� 鎴�(zh脿n)鍚庣殑涓湅绀炬渻
锛�2锛夊お骞冲ぉ鍦嬭捣缇╃殑鍕冭垐
澶钩澶╁湅鐨勮垐璧峰拰鐧�(f膩)灞�锛涘お骞冲ぉ鍦嬬殑缍遍牁(l菒ng)鍜屾斂绛�
锛�3锛� 绗簩娆￠磯鐗囨埌(zh脿n)鐖拰澶钩澶╁湅鐨勬晽浜�
绗簩娆￠磯鐗囨埌(zh脿n)鐖紱 鍜稿悓鏅傛湡鐨勬湞灞€锛� 澶钩澶╁湅鐨勫悗鏈熸枟鐖強鍏跺け??锛涘お骞冲ぉ鍦�
鏅傛湡鍚勫湴姘戠溇鐨勫弽娓呮枟鐖�锛�
锛�4锛� 19 涓栫磤涓湡鐨勬€濇兂鏂囧寲
鎬濇疆鑸囧琛�(sh霉)锛涜┅姝岃垏鏁ｆ枃锛涚鎶€鑸囪鏇�
锛�5锛夋磱鍕�(w霉)閬嬪嫊鍜屼腑鍦嬭硣鏈富缇╃殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�锛涙竻鏀垮簻鎳�(y墨ng)浠樿畩灞€鐨勬妷鎿�锛涙磱鍕�(w霉)閬嬪嫊鐨勫睍
闁�锛涗腑鍦嬭硣鏈富缇╃殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�
锛�6锛� 姘戞棌鍗辨鐨勫姞鍔�
涓湅鐨勯倞鐤嗗嵄姗�锛涗腑娉曟埌(zh脿n)鐖� 锛涗腑鏃ユ埌(zh脿n)鐖�
锛�7锛夋皯鏃忔晳浜￠亱鍕曠殑楂樻疾鎴婃垖璁婃硶鑸囩京鍜屽湗閬嬪嫊
鍒楀挤鐡滃垎涓湅鐨勫嵄灞€锛涚董鏂版淳鏁戝湅鐨勬柊鍙栧悜 锛涙垔鎴岃畩娉曞拰鏀胯畩锛涚京鍜屽湗鍙嶅笣鎰�
鍦嬮亱鍕� 锛� 鍏湅鑱�(li谩n)杌嶇殑鍏ヤ镜鍜屻€婅緵涓戞绱勩€嬬殑绨借▊
锛�8锛� 19 涓栫磤鍚庢湡鐨勬€濇兂鏂囧寲
璩囩敘(ch菐n)闅庣礆缍柊娲剧殑閫插寲瑙€锛� 鈥滆┅鐣岄潻鍛解€� 锛涜タ鏂硅繎浠ｇ鎶€鐨勫紩閫�
锛�9锛夎緵浜ラ潻鍛借垏娓呮斂搴滅殑瑕嗕骸
20 涓栫磤鍒濆勾鐨勪腑鍦嬬ぞ鏈冪媭娉�锛涜硣鐢�(ch菐n)闅庣礆姘戜富闈╁懡閬嬪嫊鐨勮垐璧凤紱鍚岀洘鏈冮牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鐨勯潻
鍛芥枟鐖�锛涚珛鎲查亱鍕曠殑闁嬪睍鍜屾竻鏈濈当(t菕ng)娌诲嵄姗熺殑鍔犳繁锛涜緵浜ラ潻鍛界殑鍕濆埄鑸囧け鏁�
锛�10锛� 鍖楁磱杌嶉枼鐨勯粦鏆楃当(t菕ng)娌�
琚佷笘鍑辩殑鐛ㄨ鑸囧京(f霉)杈�锛涘笣鍦嬩富缇╂敮鎸佷笅鐨勮粛闁ュ壊鎿�(j霉)锛涗腑鍦嬬殑鏇欏厜
锛�11锛�20 涓栫磤鍒濆勾鐨勭瀛歌垏鏂囧寲
璩囩敘(ch菐n)闅庣礆鏂板彶瀛哥殑鑸堣捣锛涘皬瑾垏鎴叉洸锛� 鏁欒偛鑸囩瀛�
3 鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ彶閮ㄥ垎
锛�1锛� 鍖楁磱杌嶉枼绲�(t菕ng)娌荤殑绻肩簩(x霉) 鏂版皯涓讳富缇╅潻鍛芥檪鏈熺殑闁嬪(1919 骞� 5 鏈堚€�1923 骞�
12 鏈�)
鍖楁磱鏀垮簻绲�(t菕ng)娌讳笅鐨勪腑鍦�锛涗簲鍥涢亱鍕曞拰涓湅鍏辩敘(ch菐n)榛ㄦ垚绔� 锛涜粛闁ョ殑娣锋埌(zh脿n)鍜屾斂娌荤埈鏂�锛�
涓湅闈╁懡鐨勬柊灞€闈�
锛�2锛夊湅姘戦潻鍛藉寳娲嬭粛闁ョ殑鏈矾(1924 骞� 1 鏈堚€�1927 骞� 7 鏈�)
杌嶉枼鍕㈠姏鐨勬紨璁� 鍦嬫皯闈╁懡楂樻疆鐨勬巰璧�锛涘寳浼愭埌(zh脿n)鐖拰宸ヨ静(n贸ng)閬嬪嫊鐨勫ぇ鐧�(f膩)灞� 锛� 鍦嬫皯
闈╁懡鐨勫け鏁�
锛�3锛� 涓湅鍦嬫皯榛ㄥ湪鍏ㄥ湅绲�(t菕ng)娌荤殑纰虹珛 铇囩董鍩冮潻鍛界殑闁嬪睍(1927 骞� 8 鏈堚€�1931 骞�
9 鏈�)
鍦嬫皯鏀垮簻鈥滅当(t菕ng)涓€鈥濆叏鍦� 涓湅闈╁懡鐨勪綆娼紱铇囩董鍩冮潻鍛界殑闁嬪锛涘湅姘戦花杌嶉枼鐨勬贩鎴�(zh脿n)锛�
涓枔鏀挎淳鐨勬椿鍕曞拰涓诲嫉锛涚磪杌嶅拰杈�(n贸ng)鏉戦潻鍛芥牴鎿�(j霉)鍦扮殑鎿村ぇ
锛�4锛� 鏃ユ湰甯濆湅涓荤京鐨勬瑁濅镜鐣� 鐢卞湅鍏�(n猫i)鎴�(zh脿n)鐖悜鎶楁棩鎴�(zh脿n)鐖殑閬庢浮(1931 骞� 9 鏈�
鈥�1937 骞� 7 鏈�)
涔濅竴鍏簨璁� 鍏ㄥ湅鎶楁棩姘戜富娴疆鐨勮垐璧�锛� 鍦嬫皯榛ㄧ崹瑁佺当(t菕ng)娌荤殑鍔犲挤 鎶楁棩姘戜富閬嬪嫊
绻肩簩(x霉)鐧�(f膩)灞�锛涜槆鍗€(q奴)闈╁懡鐨勬繁鍏ュ拰鍤撮噸鎸姌绱呰粛闀峰緛锛涜彲鍖椾簨璁� 涓€浜屼節閬嬪嫊锛涘叡鐢�(ch菐n)
榛ㄦ斂绛栫殑瑾�(di脿o)鏁� 鍦嬫皯榛ㄥ皪鏃ユ斂绛栫殑璁婂寲 瑗垮畨浜嬭畩 鍏ㄥ湅鍦樼祼(ji茅)鎶楁棩灞€闈㈢殑鍩烘湰褰㈡垚
锛�5锛� 鎶楁棩鎴�(zh脿n)鐖�(1937 骞� 7 鏈堚€�1945 骞� 8 鏈�)
鍏ㄥ湅鎶楁埌(zh脿n)鐨勯枊濮� 姝ｉ潰鎴�(zh脿n)鍫寸殑浣滄埌(zh脿n)鍜屾暤鍚庢姉鏃ユ牴鎿�(j霉)鍦扮殑闁嬭緹锛涙埌(zh脿n)鐣ョ浉鎸侀殠娈靛墠鏈�
鎶楁埌(zh脿n)褰㈠嫝鐨勬紨璁�锛� 澶钩娲嬫埌(zh脿n)鐖殑鐖嗙櫦(f膩) 鎶楁埌(zh脿n)涓湡鐨勫湅姘戦花绲�(t菕ng)娌诲崁(q奴)鍜岃В鏀惧崁(q奴)锛� 鎶�
鎴�(zh脿n)鍚庢湡鐨勬斂娌绘枟鐖姉鏃ユ埌(zh脿n)鐖殑鍕濆埄
锛�6锛� 鍦嬫皯榛ㄥ湪鍏ㄥ湅绲�(t菕ng)娌荤殑宕╂桨 涓彲浜烘皯鍏卞拰鍦嬬殑鎴愮珛(1945 骞� 9 鏈堚€�1949 骞�
10 鏈�)
鍦嬫皯榛ㄥ爡鎸佺崹瑁佸収(n猫i)鎴�(zh脿n) 涓湅浜烘皯鍔涚埈鍜屽钩姘戜富锛涘叏闈㈠収(n猫i)鎴�(zh脿n)鐖嗙櫦(f膩)浜烘皯瑙ｆ斁杌嶇殑鎴�(zh脿n)鐣�
闃插尽 锛涘湅姘戦花鍗椾含鏀挎瑠(qu谩n)鐨勮婊� 涓彲浜烘皯鍏卞拰鍦嬬殑鎴愮珛 锛� 鍝插绉戝 鏂囧
锛�7锛夎垔涓湅鐨勬敼閫犲拰绀炬渻涓荤京鍒跺害鐨勫缓绔� 锛�1949 骞� 10 鏈堚€�1956 骞� 9 鏈堬級
浜烘皯姘戜富鏀挎瑠(qu谩n)鐨勯瀼鍥猴紱 鍦嬫皯缍�(j墨ng)婵熺殑鎭㈠京(f霉);鏈夎▓鍔冪稉(j墨ng)婵熷缓瑷�(sh猫)鐨勯枊濮� 锛涚敓鐢�(ch菐n)璩囨枡鎵€
鏈夊埗绀炬渻涓荤京鏀归€犵殑鍩烘湰瀹屾垚
锛�8锛変腑鍦嬬ぞ鏈冧富缇╁缓瑷�(sh猫)閬撹矾鐨勬帰绱� 绀炬渻涓荤京寤鸿ō(sh猫)鍦ㄦ洸鎶樹腑鍓嶉€� 锛�1956 骞� 9
鏈堚€�1966 骞� 5 鏈堬級
涓湅绀炬渻涓荤京寤鸿ō(sh猫)閬撹矾鎺㈢储鐨勯枊濮� 锛涗腑鍦嬪叡鐢�(ch菐n)榛ㄥ湪缍�(j墨ng)婵熷缓瑷�(sh猫)鎸囧皫(d菐o)鏂归嚌涓婄殑澶辫
鍜岀尘姝ｂ€滃乏鈥濆偩閷涓殑鏇叉姌 锛� 鍦ㄨ(di脿o)鏁存斂绛栨埌(zh脿n)鍕濆洶闆ｄ腑閫蹭竴姝ユ帰绱腑鍦嬬ぞ鏈冧富缇�
寤鸿ō(sh猫)閬撹矾锛涜(di脿o)鏁村湅姘戠稉(j墨ng)婵熶换鍕�(w霉)鐨勫畬鎴� 鏀挎不涓娾€滃乏鈥濆偩閷鐨勫啀搴︾櫦(f膩)灞�
锛�9锛� 鈥滅劇鐢�(ch菐n)闅庣礆鏂囧寲澶ч潻鍛解€� 锛�1966 骞� 5 鏈堚€�1976 骞� 10 鏈堬級
鈥滅劇鐢�(ch菐n)闅庣礆鏂囧寲澶ч潻鍛解€濈殑鐧�(f膩)鍕� 鍏ㄥ湅鎬х殑澶у嫊浜�锛� 鈥滄枟銆佹壒銆佹敼鈥濋亱鍕曟灄褰泦鍦樼殑
瑕嗘粎绯炬鈥滃乏鈥濆偩閷鐨勫姫鍔涘拰鍙楁尗 锛涒€滄壒鏋楁壒瀛斺€濃€滃乏鈥濆偩閷閫蹭竴姝ョ櫦(f膩)灞曗€滃洓浜旈亱
鍕曗€濃€滃洓浜哄公鈥濈殑瑕嗘粎
锛�10锛� 鍋夊ぇ鐨勬鍙茶綁(zhu菐n)鎶樼ぞ鏈冧富缇╃従(xi脿n)浠ｅ寲寤鸿ō(sh猫)鏂板眬闈㈢殑闁嬪壍(chu脿ng) 锛�1976 骞� 10 鏈�
鈥�1991 骞� 12 鏈堬級
鍦ㄥ緲寰婁腑鍓嶉€� 锛涙挜浜傚弽姝� 瀵︾従(xi脿n)鍦嬪鐧�(f膩)灞曟埌(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑鏍规湰杞�(zhu菐n)璁� 锛� 鍦嬪缍�(j墨ng)婵熼珨鍒舵敼
闈╃殑鍏ㄩ潰灞曢枊 锛� 绀炬渻涓荤京鍒濈礆闅庢鍩烘湰璺窔鐨勬彁鍑鸿垏璨竟
锛�11锛変腑鍦嬬壒鑹茬ぞ鏈冧富缇╁缓瑷�(sh猫)鐨勮摤鍕冮枊灞� 锛�1992 骞� 1 鏈堚€�2002 骞� 11 鏈堬級
鏀归潻闁嬫斁鍜岀従(xi脿n)浠ｅ寲寤鸿ō(sh猫)鏂伴殠娈电殑鍒颁締 锛涙敼闈╅枊鏀炬浼愬姞蹇拰鍚勯爡浜嬫キ(y猫)鐨勫叏闈㈢櫦(f膩)
灞� 锛� 閯у皬骞崇悊璜栫⒑绔嬬偤榛ㄧ殑鎸囧皫(d菐o)鎬濇兂 锛涘叏闈㈠缓瑷�(sh猫)灏忓悍绀炬渻濂枟鐩鐨勫埗瀹�
锛�12锛夊摬瀛哥瀛告枃鍖�
鍝插 锛涚稉(j墨ng)婵熷 锛涙斂娌诲娉曞 锛涚ぞ鏈冨锛涙暀鑲插蹇冪悊瀛�锛涙鍙插鑰冨彜鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n) 锛涙枃
瀛歌棟琛�(sh霉)锛涜嚜鐒剁瀛告妧琛�(sh霉)
鈪°€佽€冭│褰㈠紡鑸囪│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鏈│鍗风敱浠ヤ笅骞鹃儴鍒嗘(g貌u)鎴�銆�
锛堜竴锛夊悕瑭炶В閲�锛屾墍鍗犳瘮渚嬬偤 20%锛涳紙浜岋級鏉愭枡椤屾垨绨＄瓟椤�锛屾墍鍗犳瘮渚嬬偤
30%锛涳紙涓夛級璜栬堪椤�锛屾墍鍗犳瘮渚嬬偤 50%銆�
鈪�銆佸弮鑰冩浉鐩�
鐜嬪鑼冿細銆婂ぇ瀛镐腑鍦嬪彶銆�锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2011 骞寸増銆�
閯斧娓狅細銆婁腑鍦嬭繎浠ｅ彶銆嬶紝鍖椾含甯寖澶у鍑虹増绀�锛�2007 骞寸増銆�
鐜嬫獪鏋楋細銆婁腑鍦嬬従(xi脿n)浠ｅ彶銆嬶紙涓�銆佷笅鍐婏級锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ 2010 骞寸増銆�
鈪ｃ€侀鍨嬭垏绀轰緥
浠ヤ笅椤屽瀷渚涜€冪敓鍙冭€�锛岃嫢鐒￠噸澶ц畩鍖�锛屾寮忚€冭│鐨勯鍨嬪皣閲囧彇姝ゅ舰寮�銆�
椤屼緥
涓€銆佸悕瑭炶В閲�
渚嬶細
鍟忛鑸囦富缇╀箣鐖�
绛旓細鍟忛鑸囦富缇╀箣鐖槸棣厠鎬濅富缇╁湪涓湅鐨勫偝鎾亷绋嬩腑鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勭涓€娆℃€濇兂杈�
璜�銆�1919 骞� 7 鏈�锛岃儭閬╁湪銆婃瘡鍛ㄨ⿻璜栥€嬬櫦(f膩)琛ㄣ€婂鐮旂┒浜涘晱椤岋紝灏戣珖浜涒€滀富缇┾€濄€�锛�
涓诲嫉鎳�(y墨ng)鐮旂┒鍏烽珨鐨勭ぞ鏈冨晱椤�锛岃€屼笉瑕侀珮璜囦富缇┿€傛潕澶ч嚄鐧�(f膩)琛ㄣ€婂啀璜栧晱椤岃垏涓荤京銆�
閫茶鍙嶉锛岃獚鐐哄晱椤岃垏涓荤京涓嶈兘鍒嗛洟锛岀爺绌跺闅涘晱椤岃垏瀹ｅ偝涓荤京蹇呴爤绲�(ji茅)鍚堬紝鏀归€�
绀炬渻蹇呴爤鈥滄牴鏈В姹衡€�锛屾墠鑳借В姹轰竴鍊嬪€嬪叿楂斿晱椤�锛屾寫璧蜂簡鍟忛鑸囦富缇╀箣鐖€傞洐鏂�
鐖珫鐨勭劍榛炲湪浜庤珖浠€涔堜富缇�锛岀敤浠€涔堜富缇╄В姹轰腑鍦嬬殑瀵﹂殯鍟忛锛岄€欎竴鐖珫鐨勫璩�(zh矛)
鏄ぞ鏈冩敼鑹€濇兂鑸囩ぞ鏈冮潻鍛芥€濇兂鐨勭埈璜�銆�
浜�銆佺啊绛旈
渚嬶細
绨℃瀽涓棩鐢插崍鎴�(zh脿n)鐖殑鏁楀洜
绛旓細鐢插崍鎴�(zh脿n)鐖腑鍦嬫厴鏁楃殑鍘熷洜寰堝锛屼絾绺介珨涓婂彲浠ュ緸浠ヤ笅骞惧€嬫柟闈綔浠ユ帰瑷庯細
鍏朵竴銆佷氦鎴�(zh脿n)闆欐柟楂斿埗鐨勪笉鍚�銆傛棩鏈稉(j墨ng)閬庢槑娌荤董鏂板悗宸叉鍏ョ従(xi脿n)浠ｇぞ鏈�锛屾皯鏃忔剰璀樺
寮蜂娇鍦嬫皯鑸囨斂搴滅当(t菕ng)涓€锛涜€岀暥鏅傜殑涓湅浠嶇劧灞簬涓笘绱€绀炬渻锛屽皝寤哄悰涓诲皥鍒朵娇鏀垮簻
鑸囨皯鐪惧悇琛屽叾鏄�锛岃タ鏂瑰垪寮风殑鍏ヤ镜鏇翠娇鏀垮簻鍗辨鍥涗紡锛屼笉鍏峰倷鑸囦竴鍊嬬従(xi脿n)浠ｅ湅瀹朵綔
鎴�(zh脿n)鐨勮兘鍔涖€傚叾浜屻€佸叐鍦嬪皪閫欏牬鎴�(zh脿n)鐖殑鎱�(t脿i)搴︿笉鍚�銆傛棩鏈湪瀹ｆ埌(zh脿n)鍓嶅氨宸插埗瀹氫簡鍛ㄥ瘑鐨�
浣滄埌(zh脿n)瑷堝妰锛屽渚靛叆鏈濋鐗藉埗娓呰粛锛屾淳鍑虹簿閵崇殑鑱�(li谩n)鍚堣墻闅婂オ鍙栭粌娴峰拰娓ゆ捣鐨勫埗娴锋瑠(qu谩n)锛�
娴烽櫢杌嶅崝(xi茅)鍚屼綔鎴�(zh脿n)绛�锛涜€屾竻鏀垮簻鐢变簬娆�(qu谩n)璨笉鏄庯紝鎸囨彯涓嶈兘绲�(t菕ng)涓€锛岀洿鍒颁綔鎴�(zh脿n)鍓嶅皻鎷夸笉
鍑烘槑纰哄拰寰楀姏鐨勪綔鎴�(zh脿n)鏂归嚌锛屼富甯ユ潕榇荤珷鍦ㄥ咕缍�(j墨ng)娆�(qu谩n)琛″悗锛岄噰鍙栦簡娑堟サ鎶垫姉鐨勬埌(zh脿n)鐣ユ柟
閲濓紝鍗诲緱鍒版厛绂уお鍚庣殑鏀寔锛涢枊璧村墠绶氫綔鎴�(zh脿n)鐨勯儴闅婂張鍍呴檺浜庡寳娲嬫按甯拰娣粛锛岃€�
娌掓湁鍕曠敤鑸夊湅涔嬪姏锛屽緸姝ら粸鐪嬫竻鏀垮簻鏈夎紩鏁典箣瀚�銆傚叾涓�銆佹竻鏀垮簻鍜屽寳娲嬫按甯牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)
灞ょ殑鑵愭晽锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷磋粛璨荤殑鍤撮噸涓嶈冻銆傚寳娲嬫按甯缓鎴愬悗锛屽咕涔庢湭娣荤疆涓€鑹樺厛閫茬殑鐐墻锛�
褰堣棩鍟忛鏇存槸鍤撮噸锛屽湪杌嶈墻鐨勮埅閫熷拰閫熷皠鐐�銆侀瓪闆风瓑鐨勯厤缃柟闈㈣惤鍚庝簬鏃ヨ粛锛屾捣
杌嶈闁€鐢氳嚦鎸敤娴疯粛缍�(j墨ng)璨荤偤瑗垮お鍚庝慨寤洪牑鍜屽湌锛涙按甯殑闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)灞や篃鏅亶瀛樺湪渚濋潬瑁�
甯堕棞(gu膩n)绯诲拰璨薄鍚冪┖鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆傚叾鍥�銆佹潕榇荤珷澶栦氦鐨勫眬闄愭€�锛屽挨鍏舵槸鈥滀互澶峰埗澶封€濈殑鑰佺瓥
鐣ワ紝涓嶆噦鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ湅闅涙斂娌荤殑瀵﹁唱(zh矛)锛岃步瑾ゅ倷鎴�(zh脿n)锛屽€変績鎳�(y墨ng)鎴�(zh脿n)鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋滃彧鑳芥槸娴烽櫢鎴�(zh脿n)鍧囦竴鏁�
娑傚湴銆傚叾浜斻€佸緸鍦嬮殯鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧笂鐪�锛岃タ鏂瑰垪寮风殑鏀寔鑸囨叓鎭�锛屽姪闀锋棩鏈镜鑿殑姘ｇ劙銆�
鍍忚嫳銆佸痉銆佹硶銆佺編閮戒笉鍚岀▼搴﹀湴鏀寔鏃ユ湰鐨勪镜鑿寰�銆傚璞愬扯娴锋埌(zh脿n)涓嫳鍦嬬殑濡ュ崝(xi茅)銆�
閫欏氨浣挎竻鏀垮簻铏曚簬瀛ょ珛鐒℃彺鐨勫鍦帮紝鎴�(zh脿n)鐖殑澶辨晽涓嶅彲閬垮厤銆�
浜�銆佽珫杩伴
渚嬶細
绲�(ji茅)鍚堝彶浜�锛岃珖?w霉)鍔奉幙顚ヨ顗滈悾顟奸椆褰㈤鐤囧箹鍧濈粖鎲�?br/>绛旓細杩戜唬涓湅绀炬渻鐨勪腑瑗夸箣鐖闅涗笂灏辨槸濡備綍灏嶅緟涓鑸囪タ瀛哥殑鍟忛銆備腑瀛�
鑸囪タ瀛稿爆浜庡叐鍊嬩笉鍚岀殑瀛歌(sh霉)鏂囧寲楂旂郴锛屽畠鍊戞湁钁楀悇鑷畬鏁寸殑淇′话銆佽蹇�銆佽(gu墨)鑼冨拰
鍍瑰€煎垽鏂�銆傚氨瀛歌(sh霉)鏂囧寲楂旂郴鑰岃█锛屼腑瀛告湰韬笉鍙兘寤朵几鍑鸿タ瀛哥殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛岃タ瀛镐篃涓�
鍙兘寤朵几鍑轰腑瀛哥殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆備絾杩戜唬浠ラ檷锛岄毃钁楄タ鏂规啈绫嶁€滅偖鑹︽斂绛栤€濇暡闁嬩腑鍦嬬殑鍦嬮杸
涔嬪悗锛岃タ瀛镐互鍏朵笉鍙樆鎿嬩箣鍕㈠挤鐑堟矕鎿婅憲浠モ€滀腑瀛糕€濈珛鍦嬬殑娓呭笣鍦�銆備腑瑗垮晱椤屾垚鐐�
璨┛杩戜唬涓湅鎬濇兂闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑涓€姊濅富绶�锛屾徊閫忎腑鍦嬬ぞ鏈冪殑鍚勫€嬪堡闈㈠苟鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸繁閬犵殑褰遍熆銆�
涓昏琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)濡備笅锛�
锛堜竴锛�銆佹磱鍕�(w霉)娲捐垏闋戝浐娲剧殑浜ら嫆
缍�(j墨ng)閬庡叐娆￠磯鐗囨埌(zh脿n)鐖垏瑗挎柟鐨勪氦鎵嬶紝娓呮湞绲�(t菕ng)娌婚泦鍦樹腑锛屼竴浜涢牠鑵︽瘮杓冩竻閱掔殑鐣�
娆�(qu谩n)鑰�锛屽鏇惧湅钘�銆佹潕榇荤珷銆佸乏瀹楁 銆佸睢勭瓑闁嬪鎰忚瓨鍒颁腑鍦嬫鍣ㄨ鍌欏拰绉戝鎶€琛�(sh霉)
鏂归潰澶уぇ钀藉悗浜庤タ鏂圭殑浜嬪锛岄毃灏囬瓘婧愨€滃斧澶烽暦鎶€鈥濈殑鎬濇兂涓诲嫉浠樿瀵﹁笎锛屽湪涓ぎ
鍜屽湴鏂规巰璧锋磱鍕�(w霉)閬嬪嫊锛岀巼鍏堝湪鍣ㄧ墿灞ら潰鍚戣タ鏂瑰缈�锛屼富寮甸噰瑗垮锛屽埗娲嬪櫒锛屼互鈥滀腑
瀛哥偤楂�锛岃タ瀛哥偤鐢ㄢ€濈偤鎸囧皫(d菐o)鎬濇兂锛屽湪澶栦氦銆佽粛浜嬪拰宸ユキ(y猫)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鏂瑰紡鏂归潰閫茶璁婇潻銆�
鑸囨磱鍕�(w霉)娲捐珫鐖殑鏄浐瀹堚€滅瀹楁垚娉曗€濆拰鈥滃湥浜哄彜瑷撯€濈殑闋戝浐鍕㈠姏锛屼粬鍊戝ⅷ瀹堟垚瑕�(gu墨)锛屽浐
姝ヨ嚜灏侊紝鎷掔禃鍜屾帓鏂ユ柊鎬濇兂銆佹柊浜嬬墿锛岃獚鐐轰腑鍦嬬殑灏佸缓鍒跺害宸茬稉(j墨ng)鐩″杽鐩＄編锛屼笉闇€
瑕佷换浣曡畩闈�銆傞洐鏂圭殑鐖珫闆嗕腑楂旂従(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ悓鏂囬え涔嬬埈銆佹捣闃插闃蹭箣鐖拰閻佃矾涔嬬埈涓�銆�
澶╂枃绠楀椁ㄧ殑瑷�(sh猫)绔�锛涙柊鐤�銆佽嚭鐏ｈ鐪佺殑瑷�(sh猫)绔�锛岃繎浠ｈ粛宸ヤ紒妤�(y猫)銆佹捣杌嶇殑鍓�(chu脿ng)绔嬶紝澶栦氦
浣跨瘈(ji茅)鐨勬淳椐�銆佹竻鏈惖璺慨寤洪珮宄扮瓑涓€绯诲垪浜嬩欢瑾槑閫欏牬璜栫埈閭勬槸娲嬪嫏(w霉)娲惧崰浜嗕笂棰紝
浣嗛爲鍥烘淳涔熷緸涓埗閫犱簡涓嶅皯楹荤叐锛屼娇娲嬪嫏(w霉)閬嬪嫊鍙楀埌鐩哥暥?sh霉)鎸犵粖鎲�?br/>锛堜簩锛�銆佺董鏂版淳鑸囧畧鑸婃淳鐨勪氦閶�
鐢插崍鎴�(zh脿n)鍚�锛屽垪寮峰姞绶婁镜鑿苟鎺€璧风摐鍒嗕腑鍦嬬殑鐙傛疆锛屾皯鏃忚硣鐢�(ch菐n)闅庣礆涓婂堡鐨勬斂娌讳唬琛�
鐐轰簡鎸芥晳姘戞棌鍗辨锛岄枊灞曡畩娉曠董鏂伴亱鍕�銆傜董鏂版淳鏍规摎(j霉)瑗挎柟閫插寲璜�銆佸拰澶╄肠浜烘瑠(qu谩n)鐨�
瑙€榛�锛屾彁鍑鸿畩娉曡嚜寮�銆佽垐姘戞瑠(qu谩n)锛屽琛屽悰涓荤珛鎲�锛屽虎鍏偂锛屽€¤タ瀛�銆佹敼闈╂暀鑲插埗搴�
绛変富寮�銆傞爲鍥烘淳鍓囪垏娲嬪嫏(w霉)娲剧浉绲�(ji茅)鍚堝舰鎴愬畧鑸婂嫝鍔涳紝绔姏缍鈥滅瀹椾箣娉曗€濆拰灏佸缓鍚�
涓诲皥鍒跺埗搴�锛屾枼璨竴鍒囦笉鍚堚€滃湥浜轰箣閬撯€濈殑瑷€璜栧拰琛屽嫊鐐虹暟绔�銆侀偑瑾紝鍚岀董鏂版淳灞�
闁嬭珫鎴�(zh脿n)銆傞€欐槸鏂扮敓鐨勮硣鐢�(ch菐n)闅庣礆绗竴娆″悜灏佸缓鍒跺害鍜屽皝寤烘€濇兂鐨勬寫鎴�(zh脿n)锛岄€氶亷姝�锛岃タ
瀛稿唬娉涘偝鎾枊渚�锛屼娇鐪惧鐭ヨ瓨鍒嗗瓙鏁簬鏀剧溂鐪嬩笘鐣岋紝鎬濇兂寰楀埌瑙ｆ斁骞惰拷姹傛柊鎬濇兂锛�
鏈夊姏鍦版帹鍕曠董鏂拌畩娉曢亱鍕曠殑涓嶆柗楂樻疾銆�
锛堜笁锛�銆佹柊鏂囧寲娲捐垏鏉辨柟鏂囧寲娲剧殑浜ら嫆
杈涗亥闈╁懡鎺ㄧ炕娓呯帇鏈濆悗锛屽缓绔嬭捣渚嗙殑涓彲姘戝湅鏀挎瑠(qu谩n)鐐鸿粛闁ユ墍鎶婃寔锛屽笣鍦嬩富缇�
鍜屽皝寤哄嫝鍔涢€蹭竴姝ュ嬀绲�(ji茅)锛屾斂娌讳笂鍚戦潻鍛藉嫝鍔涘弽鎾�锛屼笉鏂峰皫(d菐o)婕斿京(f霉)杈熷笣鍒朵笐鍔�锛屾€濇兂
涓婃巰璧峰皧瀛斿京(f霉)鍙ら€嗘祦銆傛縺閫茬殑璩囩敘(ch菐n)闅庣礆灏忚硣鐢�(ch菐n)闅庣礆鐭ヨ瓨鍒嗗瓙鍦ㄦ枃鍖栨€濇兂闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺櫦(f膩)鍕�
鏂版枃鍖栭亱鍕�锛岄珮鑸夋皯涓昏垏绉戝鐨勫ぇ鏃�锛屾彁鍊℃硶鍦嬪紡鐨勮硣鐢�(ch菐n)闅庣礆姘戜富鏀挎不锛屽弽灏嶅悰
涓诲皥鍒跺拰杌嶉枼鐛ㄨ锛屽弽灏嶈垔绂暀銆佽垔閬撳痉锛涙彁鍊¤嚜鐒剁瀛稿拰鐪嬪緟绉戝浜嬬墿鐨勭瀛�
瑙€榛烇紝鍙嶅皪杩蜂俊銆佺洸寰炲拰姝︽柗锛屽弽灏嶅叓鑲°€佽垔鏁欐銆傞倓绌嶆サ鍊″皫(d菐o)琛ㄩ仈鎬濇兂鐨勫舰寮忋€�
瑾炶█鍜屾枃瀛哥殑鏀归潻銆備絾鐢变簬鏂版枃鍖栨淳婵€鐑堢殑鍙嶅偝绲�(t菕ng)涓荤京锛屼笉鑳借警璀夊湴灏嶅緟涓タ鏂�
鍖�锛屽皪涓閲囧彇鍏ㄧ洡鍚﹀畾鐨勬厠(t脿i)搴�锛屼互鑷充簬绲曞皪鍖栧拰绨″柈鍖栫瓑鎬濇兂鏂规硶锛屽緸鑰屽紩鐧�(f膩)
涓タ鏂囧寲鍟忛鐨勮珫鐖�銆傝珫鐖殑鍙︿竴鏂硅绋辩偤鏉辨柟鏂囧寲娲�锛屼粬鍊戝緸鏂囧寲鐨勫偝鎵挎€у拰
姘戞棌鎬у嚭鐧�(f膩)锛屼富寮电董璀峰剴瀹剁殑鏂囧寲鍌崇当(t菕ng)锛屽€″皫(d菐o)涓湅鏂囧寲鐨勫京(f霉)鑸�銆傝珫鐖洐鏂圭殑瑾嶈瓨
鍚勬湁鍏堕暦锛屽張鍚勬湁鍏剁己闄�锛屾柊鏂囧寲娲炬矑鏈夊壍(chu脿ng)閫犲嚭鏂版枃鍖�锛岃€屾槸闄峰叆浜嗗叏鐩よタ鍖栫殑
璺瓙涓婏紱鏉辨柟鏂囧寲娲惧墖鍙兘鍦ㄦ兂璞″拰灏嶉亷鍘荤殑渚濇垁涓�锛屼紒鍦栭噸寤烘枃鍖栧舰鎱�(t脿i)鐨勭簿绁�
瀹跺湌锛屾垨瀵勫笇鏈涗簬鏂拌垔銆佷腑瑗跨殑瑾�(di脿o)鍜屻€�
涓婅堪涓夋姣旇純澶х殑涓タ涔嬬埈锛屽彲浠ヨ鏄腑瑗挎枃鍖栦氦娴佽瀺鍚堢殑绺奖锛屼篃鏄繎浠�
鍏堥€茬殑涓湅浜烘帰姹傛晳鍦嬮亾璺�锛屽悜瑗挎柟瀛哥繏鐨勫咕鍊嬪堡娆�锛屽嵆鍣ㄧ墿灞ら潰銆佸埗搴﹀堡闈㈠啀
鍒扮簿绁炴枃鍖栧堡闈�锛屾瘡涓€娆¤珫鐖兘妤靛ぇ鍦拌В鏀句簡鎬濇兂锛屽姞閫熶簡涓湅鐢卞偝绲�(t菕ng)鍚戠従(xi脿n)浠ｇぞ
鏈冮亷娓＄殑姝ヤ紣锛屽皪鐣朵粖鐨勭従(xi脿n)浠ｅ寲寤鸿ō(sh猫)浠嶅叿鏈夊€熼憭鎰忕京銆�
鍏嶈铂鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵︾浉闂�(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
