鑰冨崥瑭﹂鑸囧京(f霉)缈�(x铆)绛栫暐鍓栨瀽:鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鍜屽熀鍥犲伐绋�

鑰冨崥瑭﹂鑸囧京(f霉)缈�(x铆)绛栫暐鍓栨瀽:鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鍜屽熀鍥犲伐绋�

鏍规摎(j霉)鎴戠殑鍒嗘瀽锛屽悇鍦板悇闄㈡牎鐨勩€婂垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)銆嬪拰銆婂熀鍥犲伐绋嬨€嬭€冨崥瑭﹂澶ч珨鐢变互涓嬪洓閮ㄥ垎绲勬垚锛�

鈶犲熀绀�(ch菙)姒傚康鑸囩悊璜�

鈶℃妧琛�(sh霉)鎬濊矾鑸囧(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶

鈶㈢啽榛�(di菐n)鑸囧墠娌垮晱椤�

鈶ｈ垏灏堟キ(y猫)鏂瑰悜鎴栨墍鍫�(b脿o)闄㈡牎鐮旂┒闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺穵瀵嗙浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�

鍏朵腑浠モ憼銆佲憽姣旈噸杓冨ぇ锛岃€屸憿銆佲懀姣旈噸杓冨皬锛屼笖鍚勫湴鍚勫勾搴﹁畩鍖栬純澶�銆�

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灏�(du矛)鈥溾憼鍩虹(ch菙)姒傚康鑸囩悊璜栤€濈殑寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)锛岄渶瑕佷互涓€鏈ⅸ澹敓鐢ㄧ殑銆婂垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)銆嬪拰銆婂熀鍥犲伐绋嬨€嬭鏈偤涓伙紝鎵庢墡瀵�(sh铆)瀵�(sh铆)鍘绘懗銆佸幓鍟�锛屼絾涔熶笉瑕佷互鐐虹敤涓€绋鏈氨鑳芥噳(y墨ng)浠樿€冭│銆傞爤鐭ヤ笉鍚岃鏈瓨鍦ㄦ湁鐒�銆佽┏鐣ョ瓑宸暟锛岃閬╃暥(d膩ng)瑁�(b菙)鍏呭拰鍙冭€冨叾瀹冨悓椤炶鏈拰灏堣憲鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�

寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鈥滃熀绀�(ch菙)姒傚康鈥濊娉ㄦ剰鑻辨枃琛�(sh霉)瑾炲拰涓枃琛�(sh霉)瑾炲皪(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)璧蜂締锛岄倓瑕佹敞鎰忔敞閲嶇浉浼兼垨鐩歌繎鍚嶈鐨勮警鏋�銆傛瘮濡傦細濡傞檺鍒舵€у収(n猫i)鍒囬叾銆佸寮�(qi谩ng)瀛�銆佽綁(zhu菐n)搴у瓙銆乧DNA銆乧DNA鏂囧韩銆佸熀鍥犵祫鏂囧韩銆乀i璩�(zh矛)绮�銆乀-DNA銆佹湁缇╅張銆丳ribnow鐩掋€佸弽寮忎綔鐢ㄥ洜瀛�銆侀爢寮忎綔鐢ㄥ厓浠躲€佹嫾鎺ラ珨銆佄变簰瑁�(b菙)銆侀媴鎸囩祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆侀媴鎸囪泲鐧姐€佸垎瀛愪即渚�銆侀叺姣嶉洐闆滀氦銆佸熀鍥犳墦闈�銆丷NA绶ㄨ集銆佸熀鍥犺姱鐗囥€丷NAi銆乄estern blotting銆丷T-PCR銆並ozak sequence銆丼D sequence銆丆pG island銆丆TD of RNA Pol II銆丼iRNA銆乤ttenuator銆乷ncogene銆乬ene knock-out銆乵olecular hybridization銆乭uman genome project銆丷estriction fragment length polymorphism锛屽強绲傛瀵嗙⒓瀛愬拰绲傛瀛�銆丳oly A 鍜孭oly A signal銆丱peron 鍜孫perater銆乧is瑾�(di脿o)鎺у拰trans瑾�(di脿o)鎺с€佺惀鐝€绐佽畩鍜岀惀鐝€鏍℃绛夈€�

鈥滃熀绀�(ch菙)鐞嗚珫鈥濋儴鍒嗘湁浜涙槸瑕佹眰鍥炵瓟鍘熺悊鎴栨(j墨)鍒剁殑锛屾湁鐨勫墖瑕佹眰绲�(ji茅)鍚堜緥瀛愯珫杩扮殑锛屾湁浜涙槸瀹忚锛堝叏灞€锛夊晱椤�锛屾湁浜涘墖鐐哄井瑙€锛堢窗(x矛)绡€(ji茅)锛夊晱椤�銆傚洜姝ゅ湪寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鈥滃熀绀�(ch菙)鐞嗚珫鈥濇檪(sh铆)锛屽畯瑙€鍜屽井瑙€銆佸師鐞嗗拰瀵�(sh铆)渚嬮兘瑕佺収椤у埌锛屽苟鍦ㄥ京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鍜岀瓟椤屾檪(sh铆)鍔犱互娉ㄦ剰銆�

瑕佹眰鍥炵瓟鍘熺悊鎴栨(j墨)鍒剁殑椤炲瀷椤屽锛�

1銆佽唱(zh矛)绮掔殑涓嶇浉瀹规€у拰鐩稿鎬х殑鍒嗗瓙鍩虹(ch菙)姗�(j墨)鍒� 銆�

2銆丟铔嬬櫧鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)淇″叾鍔熻兘

3銆佹牳閰搁浕娉冲父鐢ㄧ殑鏌撹壊鍔戝強浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鐞�銆�

4銆佸垪鍑虹湡鏍稿熀鍥�5鈥蹭笂娓告縺娲诲熀鍥犺綁(zhu菐n)閷勭殑鍏冧欢骞惰┏绱�(x矛)浠嬬垂

5銆丼D搴忓垪鍜孠ozak搴忓垪鍒嗗垾浜堜互浠嬬垂

6銆佽│杩版牳鍨媔ntron鎷兼帴涓璼pliceosome鐨勫舰鎴愬強鎷兼帴绨�(ji菐n)鍠(j墨)鍒�

7銆乤poptosis鐨勭壒寰佽垏鍏剁敓鐞嗗強鐥呯悊鎰忕京

8銆佺啊(ji菐n)杩拌綁(zhu菐n)閷勫洜瀛怢eucine Zipper Protein鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽姛鑳�

9銆佸緸鍒嗗瓙姘村钩涓婅В閲嬪鎶�銆佸柈鎶楃殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�锛熸€庢ǎ鐞嗚В鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸姉楂旂殑澶氭ǎ鎬�锛�

10銆佽仛涓欑儻閰拌兒鍑濊啝闆绘吵鑸囩搳鑴傜硸闆绘吵鍦―NA闆绘吵涓湁浣曚笉鍚屽拰鐗归粸(di菐n)銆�

11銆丼anger鍘熺悊闆欒劔姘ф硶娓�(c猫)搴忕殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鏄粈涔�锛�

12銆丼outhern鍗拌贰鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�

13銆佽│杩板叐绋綁(zhu菐n)鍩哄洜鏂规硶骞惰鏄庡叾鍘熺悊銆�

14銆佽│杩伴洐鍏冭級楂旂殑姒傚康鍙婂叾妲�(g貌u)浠跺師鐞�銆�

15銆佽│杩癆FLP鐨勫師鐞嗗強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

16銆佽│杩癙hagmid鍜宑osmid浣滅偤杓夐珨鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆�

17銆佽│杩跋冨洜瀛愬拰蟻鍥犲瓙鍦ㄨ綁(zhu菐n)閷勯亷绋嬩腑鐨勪綔鐢�銆�

18銆佽│杩�16srRNA鐨勫垎瀛愬ぇ灏忋€佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜岀敓鐗╁(xu茅)浣滅敤銆�

19銆佷綍璎傞洐鍏冭級楂�锛岀啊(ji菐n)杩板叾绲勮閬庣▼鍙婂叾浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鐞嗭紵

20銆佸熀鍥犵祫DNA鏈夋檪(sh铆)鏈�(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢烥锛歍閷�(cu貌)閰�锛孌NA寰�(f霉)鍒舵檪(sh铆)鏈夋檪(sh铆)鏈�(hu矛)鐧�(f膩)鐢烝锛欳閷�(cu貌)閰�锛屼粬鍊戠敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍘熷洜鏄粈涔�锛屽悇鎬庝箞淇京(f霉)锛�

21銆佸ぇ鑵告】鑿岀殑鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)瀛愶紙鎴栨搷绺卞瓙锛夋椿鎬ф湁鐒″挤(qi谩ng)寮变箣鍒�锛屽鏋滄湁锛屾焙瀹氬叾寮�(qi谩ng)寮辩殑鍥犵礌浠€涔堬紵

22銆佹湁鍝簺绗簩淇′娇锛屽叾渚嗘簮浠ュ強鍦ㄨ綁(zhu菐n)閷勭ó鐨勪綔鐢�銆�

23銆佷粈涔堟槸鍩哄洜鍗拌锛坕mprinting锛�锛屽畠鏄€庝箞閬哄偝鐨勶紵鑸変緥瑾槑銆�

24銆佺偤浠€涔堣鈥渞ibosome is a ribozyme鈥�? 锛�

25銆佽│杩癦-DNA鍜屽洖鏂囧簭鍒楃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜屽姛鑳界殑銆�

26銆佽綁(zhu菐n)閷勯亷绋嬩腑閫�(j矛n)琛岃捣濮嬪畾浣嶇殑鍥犲瓙鏄粈涔堬紵瑭插洜瀛愬湪杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫叏閬庣▼鏄惁閮藉瓨鍦�锛熺偤浠€涔堬紵鐝�(xi脿n)宸茬稉(j墨ng)楂斿绉戦殕骞剁磾鍖栬┎铔嬬櫧锛屽畠鑳藉惁鍠崹(d煤)鑸嘍NA绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛熺偤浠€涔�锛�

27銆佷粈涔堟槸鈥渆pigenetic mutation鈥濓紵濡備綍灏�(d菐o)鑷寸殑锛�

28銆佺偤浠€涔堟牳閰稿拰铔嬬櫧閮芥槸鏈夋柟鍚戠殑?

29銆佽│杩颁俊铏�(h脿o)杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)鐨刢AMP閫氳矾 銆�

30銆佷粈涔堟槸鍏�(n猫i)鍒囬叾鐨勬槦铏�(h脿o)娲绘€� 锛�

31銆佸彲浠ョ７閰稿寲鐨勬皑鍩洪吀鏄摢涓夊€�(g猫)锛�

32銆佸付鑻挵(hu谩n)鐨勬皑鍩洪吀鏄摢涓夊€�(g猫)锛�

33銆丏NA鍦ㄥ灏憂m鏈夋渶澶х殑鍏夊惛鏀�锛岀偤浠€涔�?

34銆佽綁(zhu菐n)搴у瓙妯�(bi膩o)绨芥硶鍏嬮殕妞嶇墿鍩哄洜鐨勫師鐞�銆�

35銆佸湪DNA寰�(f霉)鍒堕亷绋嬩腑鏈�(hu矛)褰㈡垚涓€绋京(f霉)鍒堕珨锛坮eplisome锛夌殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽畠鏄敱鍝咕閮ㄥ垎绲勬垚鐨�锛�

36銆丄P-PCR鍜屾櫘閫歅CR鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒�銆�

37銆丷NAi锛圧NA骞叉秹锛夌殑浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鐞嗗拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

38銆佽│杩板熀鍥犺姱鐗囩殑绋鍜屽伐浣滃師鐞�銆�

39銆佹晿杩板姛鑳藉熀鍥犵祫瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹硅垏鎰忕京銆�

40銆佽│杩版鐗╁熀鍥犵祫鍜屽嫊(d貌ng)鐗╁熀鍥犵祫绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏈変綍鍗€(q奴)鍒ャ€�

41銆佽│杩癛NA鐨勮嚜鎴戝壀鍒囨湁骞剧ó鏂规硶鍏堕亷绋�銆�

42銆佽│杩板浣曡⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)杞�(zhu菐n)鍩哄洜瀹夊叏鎬�銆�

43銆佺啊(ji菐n)杩扮湡鏍哥敓鐗╁熀鍥犺〃閬�(d谩)鐨勪富瑕佽(di脿o)鎺х挵(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)鍜岃泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍚堟垚鍚庨澏鍚戦亱(y霉n)閫佺殑椤炲瀷

44銆佽│杩扮湡鏍哥敓鐗╄垏鍘熸牳鐢熺墿杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑鍗€(q奴)鍒ャ€�

45銆佽│杩扮敓鐗╄啘鏈夐偅浜涗富瑕佺殑鐢熺墿鍔熻兘娓呰垑渚嬭鏄庤啘铔嬬櫧鍙冭垏閭ｄ簺閲嶈鐨勭敓鍛介亷绋�銆�

46銆侀叾瑾�(di脿o)鎺ф槸浠ｈ瑵瑾�(di脿o)鎺х殑瀵�(sh铆)璩�(zh矛)锛岀偤浠€涔�? 瑭﹁堪閰舵按骞宠(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)灞ゆ銆�

47銆丏NA鐗囨鍙兘鍚法纰煎鑲介張鐨勫墠骞惧€�(g猫)瀵嗙⒓瀛愶細

5鈥测€擟GGAGGATCAGTCGATGTCCTGTGTG鈥�3鈥�

3鈥测€擥CCTCCTAGTCAGCTACAGGACACAC鈥�5鈥�

1) 鍝竴姊濋張鍙兘鐐烘ā鏉块張锛�

2) mRNA鐨勯爢搴忥紵

3) 绶ㄧ⒓鐨刴RNA鑳藉舰鎴愪簩绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涔�锛�

4) 缈昏寰炲摢閲岄枊濮�锛屽摢鍊�(g猫)鏂瑰悜閫�(j矛n)琛岋紵

5) 閫欐DNA鐗囨鏈€鍙兘寰炲師鏍搁倓鏄湡鏍哥窗(x矛)鑳炰腑鍒嗛洟鍑轰締鐨勶紵

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鏈変簺鍓囪姹傜祼(ji茅)鍚堜緥瀛愯珫杩扮殑锛岄€欓鍨嬮濡傦細

1銆佷互涔抽吀鎿嶇副瀛愮偤渚嬭鏄庡熀鍥犺〃閬�(d谩)鑸囬樆閬�銆�

2銆佸熀鍥犲伐绋嬪熀鏈亷绋�锛岀祼(ji茅)鍚堝皥妤�(y猫)鑸変竴鍊�(g猫)瀵�(sh铆)渚嬪苟瑾槑鎰忕京銆�

3銆佽叓鐦ょ梾姣掕嚧鐥呯殑姗�(j墨)鍒�锛岃│鑸変緥瑾槑銆�

4銆佷互鎿崡鑺ユ垨鐜夌背鐐轰緥锛岃鏄庤綁(zhu菐n)搴у瓙妯�(bi膩o)绨芥硶閫�(j矛n)琛屽熀鍥犺綁(zhu菐n)绉荤殑鍘熺悊銆�

5銆佸嫊(d貌ng)鐗╁熀鍥犺垏妞嶇墿鍩哄洜鏈夊摢浜涚暟鍚岄粸(di菐n)锛屽苟绲�(ji茅)鍚堝(sh铆)渚嬪姞浠ヨ鏄�锛�

6銆佺湡鏍哥敓鐗╄綁(zhu菐n)搴у瓙鏈夊摢浜涢鍨�锛岀祼(ji茅)鍚堝(sh铆)渚嬭鏄庡叾鍦ㄧ敓鐗╅€�(j矛n)鍖栦腑鐨勭敓鐗╁(xu茅)鎰忕京锛�

7銆佽│绲�(ji茅)鍚堝(sh铆)渚嬮棥鏄庡熀鍥犳矇榛樼殑涓昏鍘熷洜銆�

8銆佺敓鐗╁ぇ鍒嗗瓙涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢ㄦ槸鐢熷懡鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄殑鍏烽珨琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)锛岃│浠ヨ泲鐧借唱(zh矛)涔嬮枔浠ュ強铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鑸囨牳閰稿垎瀛愪箣闁撶殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤鐐轰緥鍔犱互瑾槑銆�

9銆佷綍璎傝泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭７閰稿寲鍜岃劔纾烽吀鍖�锛岃│浠ュ(sh铆)渚嬭鏄庡叾灏�(du矛)鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)鍜岀櫦(f膩)鑲茬殑瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鐨勪綔鐢�
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11銆佸浣曟彁楂樿綁(zhu菐n)鍩哄洜鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)姘村钩锛熻│鑸変緥瑾槑銆�

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2銆佸浣曟彁楂樺婧愬熀鍥犵墖娈靛湪鍘熸牳绱�(x矛)鑳炰腑鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)閲忥紵

3銆佸凡鐭ユ煇鍩哄洜鑸囨煇铔嬬櫧鑳藉鐩镐簰浣滅敤锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)璀夋槑骞舵壘鍑轰綔鐢ㄤ綅榛�(di菐n)銆�

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8銆佺啊(ji菐n)杩板熀鍥犳暡闄ゅ皬榧犳ā鍨嬬殑绛栫暐銆�

9銆佸厠闅嗕簡涓€鍊�(g猫)鏂板熀鍥�锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)璀夋槑瑭插熀鍥犲収(n猫i)鍚�4鍊�(g猫)intron 銆�

10銆佺敤瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)璀夋槑鍘熸牳鐢熺墿鍜岀湡鏍哥敓鐗╁熀鍥犵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫樊鍒ャ€�

11銆佸浣曠敤瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)璀夋槑浜嗘牳閰告槸閬哄偝鐗╄唱(zh矛)锛�
12銆佽│杩拌綁(zhu菐n)搴у瓙妯�(bi膩o)绨芥硶鍏嬮殕鐩熀鍥�銆�

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18銆佸熀鍥燼搴忓垪宸茬煡锛堝叾涓婃父搴忓垪浜﹀凡鐭ワ級锛屽湪瀹冧笂娓革紙-370bp锛夊瓨鍦�-ggtcat-鐨勮(di脿o)鎺у厓浠讹紝璀夋槑瑭茶(di脿o)鎺у厓浠朵腑姣忓€�(g猫)鍫垮熀鍦ㄨ(di脿o)鎺т腑璨㈢嵒(xi脿n)鍙兘涓嶅悓銆�

20銆佺敤寰悆鑿屾牳閰搁叾閰惰В鏌撹壊璩�(zh矛)锛岀劧鍚庨€�(j矛n)琛岄浕娉�锛岀櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)200 bp銆�400 bp銆�600 bp銆�800 bp鈥︹€︾殑姊濆付锛岃│鍟忓緸瑭茬従(xi脿n)璞″彲浠ュ緱鍑轰粈涔堢祼(ji茅)璜�锛�

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23銆佹€庢ǎ灏囧嫊(d貌ng)鐗╁熀鍥犺綁(zhu菐n)鍏ュ埌妞嶇墿楂斾腑锛屽鍑哄叿楂旀椹�锛屽苟绲�(ji茅)鍚堝(sh铆)渚嬭鏄庢彁楂樺嫊(d貌ng)鐗╁熀鍥犲湪妞嶇墿楂斾腑楂樻晥琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鐨勭瓥鐣�锛�

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