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鍙婂叾鐩稿皪(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€�銆傜兎鐑撮沟浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾姝风▼銆備集銆佷徊銆佸彅娓�

闆㈠熀鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€ф搴�銆備箼鐑�銆佷竵鐑风殑妲�(g貌u)璞°€�

绗笁绔� 鐑兇

鐑兇鐨勭⒊閺堢暟妲�(g貌u)銆侀洐閸典綅缃暟妲�(g貌u)鍜岄爢?l猫)涓叉偐?g貌u)銆傜儻鐑寸殑绯�

绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕(鍚啊(ji菐n)鍠嫳鏂囧懡鍚�)銆佸咕浣曠暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鈥滈爢銆佸弽鈥濆拰鈥淶銆�

E鈥濆懡鍚嶃€傜儻鐑寸殑閲嶈鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬偓鍖栧姞姘�锛岃垏楣电礌銆侀沟鍖�

姘�銆佹楣甸吀銆佺~閰稿強姘寸殑瑕浕鍔犳垚锛岃垏 HBr 鐨勮嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚锛�

纭兼矮鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃楂橀尦閰搁墍銆佽嚟姘у強鏈夋(j墨)閬�(gu貌)姘ч吀姘у寲锛�-姘殑

楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛�銆傝Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬绋�锛岀⒊姝i洟瀛愮殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€с€佽獦

灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛岄Μ姘忓拰鍙嶉Μ寮忚(gu墨)鍓囷紝鐑笝浣嶆矮锛�-H锛夌殑娲绘€�锛岀儻涓�

3


 

 

浣嶈嚜鐢卞熀鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€с€傜儻鐑寸殑鍒跺倷鏂规硶锛氱倲鐑撮倓鍘�銆侀唶鑴按銆�

楣典唬鐑疯劔楣靛寲姘�銆�

绗洓绔� 鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇

鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)銆侀€氬紡鍜屽懡鍚�(鍚啊(ji菐n)鍠嫳鏂囧懡

鍚�)銆傜倲鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氱倲姘殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀⒊纰冲弫閸电殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥倓

鍘�銆佽Κ闆诲姞鎴愶細鍔犻沟绱�銆侀沟鍖栨矮銆佹按锛�銆佽Κ鏍稿姞鎴愶紝鍌寲鍔�

姘�锛岀〖姘寲姘у寲锛屾哀鍖�锛岃仛鍚堢瓑銆傚叡杌涗簩鐑殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂叾閲嶈

鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�1锛�2 鍜� 1锛�4 鍔犳垚銆侀洐鐑姞鎴愬強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚叡杌涙晥

鎳�(y墨ng)銆傜啛鎮夌倲鐑寸殑鍒跺倷鏂规硶銆�

绗簲绔� 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�

鑴傜兎鐑寸殑鍛藉悕(鍚啊(ji菐n)鍠嫳鏂囧懡鍚�)锛涘皬鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婃(g貌u)

璞�锛涜剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑村寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬彇浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽皬鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勯枊(k膩i)鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傜挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎

鍙婂彇浠g挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞★紙鑸瑰紡鍜屾寮忔(g貌u)璞�銆�a 閸靛拰 e 閸碉級鍙婄挵(hu谩n)

鐑风兇绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€ф搴�銆傜挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€ф搴忕殑鐞嗚珫瑙i噵銆�

绗叚绔� 绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)

鎵嬫€�銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犻珨銆侀潪灏�(du矛)鏄犻珨锛屽収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂斻€佸娑堟棆楂斿拰涓嶅皪(du矛)

绋辨€х瓑姒傚康鍙婃€ц唱(zh矛)銆傛浉瀵� Fischer 鎶曞奖鐨勮(gu墨)鍓�,浣跨敤瑭叉姇褰�

寮忕殑瑕�(gu墨)瀹氫互鍙� Fischer 鎶曞奖寮忚垏 Newman 寮忥紝妤斿舰寮忕殑杞�(zhu菐n)鎻�锛�

鍚湁涓€鍊�(g猫)鍜屼簩鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鏈夋(j墨)鍒嗗瓙鐨勬墜鎬у強 R/S 妯�(bi膩o)瀹氥€傚彇

浠g挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勯爢?l猫)涓叉偐?g貌u)銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)锛涗簩鍙栦唬鐠�(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞″垎鏋�銆�

绗竷绔� 鑺抽鐑�

鑻殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婅姵鐑寸殑鍛藉悕(鍚啊(ji菐n)鍠嫳鏂囧懡鍚�)銆傝嫰鍙婂叾鍚岀郴

4


 

 

鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳Κ闆诲彇浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堥沟浠�銆佺鍖栥€佺:鍖�銆佷粯鍏嬪弽

鎳�(y墨ng)锛�銆傝Κ闆诲彇浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛岃Κ闆诲彇浠g殑娲绘€у強鍏跺畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬨€�

鐑峰熀鑻殑鍋�(c猫)閺堝彇浠e拰姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傝姵棣欐€ф蹇点€佷紤鍏嬬埦瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧強

鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鍙婄鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩法铏�(h脿o)锛岃姵棣欐€�锛岃悩鐨�

鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶沟浠�銆佺鍖栥€佺:鍖�銆佸姞姘€�

绗叓绔� 楣典唬鐑�

楣典唬鐑寸殑鍛藉悕(鍚啊(ji菐n)鍠嫳鏂囧懡鍚�)銆備竴鍏冮沟浠g兎鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬�

璩�(zh矛)锛氳Κ鏍稿彇浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堟按瑙c€侀唶瑙�銆佹鞍瑙�銆佹皑瑙�銆佽垏纭濋吀閵€鍙�

鎳�(y墨ng)锛夈€傛秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婃墡渚濋噰澶(gu墨)鍓�銆傚彇浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓沟

浠g兎鐨勬椿鎬�銆傛湁姗�(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗╃殑褰㈡垚锛�Grignard 瑭﹀姂鍙婂叾鍦�

鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆備笉椋藉拰楣典唬鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囪Κ鏍稿彇浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€х殑

闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傞沟浠g兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆傚弽鎳�(y墨ng)姊濅欢銆佽│鍔戠瓑灏�(du矛)楣典唬鐑峰彇

浠e拰娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊裤€�SN1銆�SN2 鍜� E1銆�E2 姝风▼鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆傞沟

浠g兎鐨勯倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�

绗節绔� 閱�銆侀厷鍜岄啔

閱�銆侀厷鍜岄啔鐨勫懡鍚�(鍚啊(ji菐n)鍠嫳鏂囧懡鍚�)銆傛矮閸靛皪(du矛)閱囩墿鐞嗘€�

璩�(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊裤€傞唶鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳垏娲绘綉閲戝爆鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽垏鐒�(w煤)姗�(j墨)閰�銆佽Κ

鏍稿彇浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�Lucas 瑭﹀姂鍜� SOCl2 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽劔姘村拰姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

閯颁簩鍏冮唶姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀牷鍝唶閲嶆帓銆傞厷鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�

閰氱殑寮遍吀鎬�銆佹垚閱氬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹垚閰弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽垏涓夋隘鍖栭惖鐨勯’鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�

瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)楣典唬銆佺鍖栥€佺:鍖�銆佸倕-鍏嬪弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

閱氱殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氱儕楣界殑鐢熸垚銆侀啔閸电殑鏂疯銆佽嚜鍕�(d貌ng)姘у寲鍜岄啔鐨�

5


 

 

williamson 鍚堟垚娉�銆傞唶銆侀厷鍜岄啔鐨勯憭鍒ユ柟娉�銆傜挵(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿鐨�

鐨勯枊(k膩i)鐠�(hu谩n)闁�(k膩i)鐠�(hu谩n)鏂瑰悜鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢級銆傞唶鍜岄啔鐨勫埗鍌欐柟娉�銆�

绗崄绔� 閱涘拰閰�

閱涖€侀叜鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婂懡鍚嶏紙鏅€氬懡鍚�銆佺郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕銆佷織鍚�銆�

绨�(ji菐n)鍠嫳鏂囧懡鍚嶏級銆傞啗銆侀叜鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝姞姘�

姘伴吀銆佷簽纭吀姘垑銆佹湁姗�(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗�銆佹按銆侀唶銆佽兒鍙婃皑鐨勮

鐢熺墿锛�锛�-娲绘綉姘殑楣典唬鍜岄沟浠垮弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀叜寮忓拰鐑唶寮忎簰璁婄暟妲�(g貌u)銆�

缇ラ啗绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涙哀鍖栧拰閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涗笉鍚岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯啗銆侀叜鍦ㄦ€ц唱(zh矛)

涓婄殑宸暟鍜岄憭鍒ユ柟娉�銆�銆佷笉椋藉拰閱涢叜鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堣Κ鏍稿姞

鎴�銆佽Κ闆诲姞鎴�銆�Michael 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀洐鐑姞鎴愩€侀倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�銆傝Κ鏍�

鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬绋嬨€傞啗銆侀叜鐨勫埗鍌欐柟娉�銆�

绗崄涓€绔� 缇ч吀鍜屽彇浠g晶閰�

缇ч吀鍙婂彇浠g晶閰哥殑绯荤当(t菕ng)鍛藉悕锛堝惈绨�(ji菐n)鍠嫳鏂囧懡鍚嶏級锛屽父瑕�(ji脿n)

缇ч吀銆佸彇浠g晶閰哥殑淇楀悕銆傜晶閰哥殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶吀鎬�銆侀浕鎬ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)

灏�(du矛)缇ч吀閰告€х殑褰遍熆锛岀晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勭敓鎴�锛岃劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�伪-姘�

楣典唬锛屼簩鍏冮吀鐔辫В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傞沟浠i吀鍜岀茎鍩洪吀鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛氭按瑙�銆佹秷

闄�銆佸収(n猫i)閰寲銆佺茎鍩洪吀鑴按銆傜晶閰哥殑鍒跺倷锛氶唶銆侀啗閰垨鍙栦唬鑺�

鐑存哀鍖�锛岃厛姘磋В锛屾牸姘忚│鍔戞硶绛�銆傜茎鍩洪吀鐨勫埗鍌欙細楣典唬閰告按

瑙�銆佺茎鍩鸿厛姘磋В銆�

绗崄浜岀珷 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗�

缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�銆傜晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氭按

瑙�銆侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙�锛岃垏鏈夋(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗╁弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄叞鑳�

6


 

 

鐨勭壒鎬э細閰稿牽鎬у拰 Hofman 闄嶈В銆傜晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€�銆�

瀹冨€戜箣闁撶殑鐩镐簰杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栭棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傜晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勫埗鍌�銆傛补鑴傜殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鐗归粸(di菐n)銆傜殏鍖栧€�銆佺鍊笺€侀吀鍊肩瓑姒傚康銆�

绗崄涓夌珷 纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)

閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰強涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鐨勪簰璁婄暟妲�(g貌u)銆�

閰紡銆侀吀寮忓垎瑙e強鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�-浜岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭兎鍩�

鍖栧拰?锛涱姮顕;?y墨ng)銆�

绗崄鍥涚珷 鏈夋(j墨)鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�

鑳虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炪€佸懡鍚�銆傝剛鑲兒鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬牽鎬с€佺兎

鍩哄寲銆�?锛涱姮顕栤拻閰�锛涱嚃鈶碿浜炵閰稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傝姵棣欒兒鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�

鍫挎€с€佺挵(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠e熀灏�(du矛)鍫挎€х殑褰遍熆銆佺挵(hu谩n)涓婇沟浠c€佺鍖�銆佺:鍖栧弽

鎳�(y墨ng)锛夈€傝姵棣欎集鑳虹殑閲嶆爱鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傝姵棣欓噸姘菇鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氳楣电礌銆�

姘板熀銆佺鍩�銆佺茎鍩恒€佹矮绛夊彇浠e強鍦ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛岄倓鍘�

鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傚閵ㄩ菇鍜屽閵ㄥ牽鐨勫懡鍚嶅拰鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬牽鎬�銆侀湇澶浖娑堥櫎銆�

纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傝兒鐨勫埗鍌欐柟娉曪細纭濆熀

鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭勫師锛岃厛鍜岄叞鑳虹殑閭勫師銆佺景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿閭勫師姘ㄥ寲銆�

Hofmann 闄嶈В銆�Gabriel 鍚堟垚娉曞拰 Mannich 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

绗崄浜旂珷 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�

甯歌(ji脿n)闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚嶆硶锛屼互鍙婄闆滅挵(hu谩n)姣嶇挵(hu谩n)鐨勫懡

鍚嶈(gu墨)鍓�銆傚憢鍠�銆佸櫥鍚┿€佸悺鍜殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)锛氳姵棣欐€с€侀吀鍫挎€�

鍜岃Κ闆诲彇浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚悺鍟剁殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)锛氳姵棣欐€�銆佸牽鎬�銆佹按婧�

鎬с€佹爱鍘熷瓙涓婄殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽Κ闆诲彇浠c€佽Κ鏍稿彇浠�銆佹哀鍖栧拰閭勫師鍙�

7


 

 

鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚悺鍟�銆佸柟鍛�銆佺暟鍠瑰懁銆佸槯鍟跺拰鍚″杻鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)銆傚槯鍟�

鍜屽槍鍛ょ殑琛嶇敓鐗�銆傚憢鍠�銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍜殑琛嶇敓鐗�锛屽惒鍝氬強鍏跺畠

浜斿厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

绗崄鍏珷 绯栭

閲嶈鍠硸鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u): 闁�(k膩i)閺堢祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾(g貌u)鍨�銆佺挵(hu谩n)鐙€ Haworth 寮忓拰

妲�(g貌u)璞″紡銆傚柈绯栫殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氭哀鍖�銆侀倓鍘�銆佹垚鑴庡弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺挵(hu谩n)鐙€绺�

閱涘拰绺叜鐨勭敓鎴�銆侀吀鎬т笅鑴按銆佸樊鍚戠暟妲�(g貌u)鍖�銆佺敓鎴愯嫹銆傞噸瑕�

鐨勫柈绯栵細钁¤悇绯�銆佹灉绯栥€佸崐涔崇硸銆佺敇闇茬硸銆佹牳绯�銆佸幓姘ф牳绯�

鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚嶃€傞洐绯栵細钄楃硸銆侀亥鑺界硸銆佺簴缍簩绯�銆佷钩绯栫祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)銆傚绯栵細娣€绮�銆佺簴缍礌銆佺硸鍘熺殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)銆�

鐠�(hu谩n)绯婄簿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�

绗崄涓冪珷 姘ㄥ熀閰�銆佸鑲姐€佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍜屾牳閰�

姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆侀吀鍫挎€у垎椤炲拰绛夐浕榛�(di菐n)銆傛皑鍩洪吀鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬�

璩�(zh矛)銆傚鑲界殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)銆�

绗崄鍏珷 钀滈鍜岀斁鏃忓寲鍚堢墿

钀滈鍜岀斁鏃忓寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆傚咕绋父瑕�(ji脿n)鐨勭斁楂旀瘝鏍搞€佺法铏�(h脿o)

鍙婂懡鍚嶆柟娉�銆傛湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)瑾茬▼鏁欏(xu茅)绺界祼(ji茅)銆傝悳椤炲寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙�

鍒嗛锛�?ji菐n)灞嬬?銆佸€嶅崐钀滈銆佷笁钀滈銆佸洓钀滈銆傜啛鎮夌斁鏃忓寲?SPAN lang=RU>

鐗╃殑妲�(g貌u)鍨嬪拰妲�(g貌u)璞′互鍙婃(g貌u)璞″垎鏋�銆�

鐒�(w煤)姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎锛�

8


 

 

绗竴绔� 鍘熷瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鍥涘€�(g猫)閲忓瓙鏁�(sh霉)鐨勭墿鐞嗘剰缇╁拰瀹冨€戠殑鍙栧€奸檺鍒�锛岄噺瀛愭暩(sh霉)绲勫悎

鍜岃粚閬撴暩(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涘熀鎱�(t脿i)鍘熷瓙鏍稿闆诲瓙鐨勬帓甯冭(gu墨)寰嬶紱鍏冪礌鍛ㄦ湡

琛ㄤ腑鐨勫懆鏈�銆佹棌銆佸崁(q奴)鐨勫妰鍒嗚垏鍘熷瓙鏍稿闆诲瓙鎺掑竷鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涙牴

鎿�(j霉)鍘熷瓙鐨勬牳澶栭浕瀛愭帓甯冩垨鍍�(ji脿)灞ら浕瀛愮祫鎱�(t脿i)纰哄畾瑭插厓绱犲湪鍛ㄦ湡

琛ㄤ腑鐨勪綅缃�锛涘師瀛愯粚閬撶殑瑙掑害鍒嗗竷鍦栧拰寰戝悜鍒嗗竷鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇�

鍙婄壒寰�锛涘睆钄芥晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄墕绌挎晥鎳�(y墨ng)灏�(du矛)杌岄亾鑳界礆(j铆)鐨勫奖闊�锛涘闆诲瓙鍘�

瀛愮殑杩戜技鑳界礆(j铆)锛涘師瀛愮殑鏍稿闆诲瓙鎺掑竷鑸囧厓绱犲懆鏈熸€ц畩鍖栫殑闂�(gu膩n)

绯�锛涙湁鏁堟牳闆昏嵎銆佸師瀛愬崐寰�銆佸厓绱犵殑闆婚洟鑳�銆侀浕瀛愯Κ鍜岃兘鍙�

闆昏矤(f霉)鎬х殑璁婂寲瑕�(gu墨)寰嬨€�

绗簩绔� 鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鍏卞児(ji脿)閸电殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜岄鍨�锛涢洔鍖栬粚閬撶悊璜栫殑鍩烘湰瑕侀粸(di菐n)鍙婇洔鍖�

杌岄亾鐨勯鍨嬪皪(du矛)鍒嗗瓙褰㈢媭鐨勮В閲�锛涘垎瀛愯粚閬撶殑瑕侀粸(di菐n)鍙婄浜屽懆鏈�

鍚屾牳闆欏師瀛愬拰绨�(ji菐n)鍠暟鏍搁洐鍘熷瓙鐨勫垎瀛愯粚閬撹兘绱�(j铆)鍦�锛岀敤鍒嗗瓙杌�

閬撶悊璜栬В閲嬪垎瀛愮殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€с€佺鎬х瓑锛涘児(ji脿)灞ら浕瀛愬皪(du矛)浜掓枼妯″瀷鐨�

鍩烘湰瑕侀粸(di菐n)锛屽埄鐢ㄨ┎妯″瀷鍒ゆ柗绨�(ji菐n)鍠鍘熷瓙鍒嗗瓙鎴栭洟瀛愮殑褰㈢媭锛�

闆㈠瓙妤靛寲鐨勫熀鏈榛�(di菐n)鍙婂皪(du矛)鐒�(w煤)姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╂煇浜涙€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊�锛涢洟瀛�

閸电殑褰㈡垚姊濅欢鍙婄壒榛�(di菐n)锛屾櫠鏍艰兘鐨� Born-Haber 寰挵(hu谩n)锛岄洟瀛愮殑

闆昏嵎銆佸崐寰戝拰闆诲瓙绲勬厠(t脿i)涓夊€�(g猫)鐗瑰緛灏�(du矛)闆㈠瓙鍖栧悎鐗╂€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊�锛�

鍒嗗瓙闁撳姏鍜屾矮閸电殑姒傚康銆佺壒榛�(di菐n)浠ュ強鑸囩墿璩�(zh矛)鏌愪簺鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�

绗笁绔� 婧惰В鑸囨矇娣€

婧舵恫婵冨害琛ㄧず娉曞強鐩镐簰鎻涚畻锛涢洠婧堕浕瑙h唱(zh矛)鐨勭祫鎴愯垏婧跺害

9


 

 

绌嶅父鏁�(sh霉)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮忕殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛涙憾搴︾⿳甯告暩(sh霉)鑸囨憾瑙e害鐨勭浉浜掓彌绠楋紝婧�

搴︾⿳瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛涙湁闂�(gu膩n)娌夋穩鐨勫舰鎴愬拰杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栫殑瑷�(j矛)绠�锛屾秹鍙婂悓闆㈠瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)

鐨勬績搴﹁▓(j矛)绠楋紱楣芥晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽急闆昏В璩�(zh矛)鐨勫舰鎴愬皪(du矛)婧惰В-娌夋穩骞宠 鐨�

褰遍熆锛涙矇娣€鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鍖栧強鍒嗘娌夋穩锛涢菇鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜屽急闆昏В璩�(zh矛)鐨勫舰鎴愬皪(du矛)

婧惰В-娌夋穩骞宠 鐨勫奖闊�銆�

绗洓绔� 閰歌垏鍫�

璩�(zh矛)瀛愰吀鍫跨殑瀹氱京锛屽叡杌涢吀鍫垮皪(du矛)鐨勬蹇靛強鍏跺挤(qi谩ng)搴﹂棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涘急

閰�銆佸急鍫�銆佸叐鎬х墿璩�(zh矛)鍜屽惈鏈夊悓闆㈠瓙鐨勬憾娑蹭腑姘洟瀛愭績搴︾殑瑷�(j矛)

绠楋紱绶╂矕婧舵恫鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ師鐞嗗強鐩搁棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涘奖闊跨珐娌栨憾娑叉€ц兘鐨�

鍥犵礌锛岀珐娌栨憾娑茬殑閬告搰鍜岄厤鍒�锛涚█閲嬫晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄浕闆㈠害銆�

绗簲绔� 姘у寲鑸囬倓鍘�

姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭壒寰佸強瀵�(sh铆)璩�(zh矛)锛涘厓绱犵殑姘у寲鏁�(sh霉)姒傚康锛涙哀鍖�

閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏂圭▼寮忕殑閰嶅钩鏂规硶锛堥洟瀛�-闆诲瓙娉曪級锛涢亱(y霉n)鐢� Nernst

鏂圭▼瑷�(j矛)绠楅浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)鍜岄浕姹犵殑闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)锛涘垽鏂锋哀鍖栧姂鍜岄倓鍘熷姂鐨�

鐩稿皪(du矛)寮�(qi谩ng)寮�锛涘垽鏂锋哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑳藉惁閫�(j矛n)琛屽強閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑鏂瑰悜鍜岄檺搴�锛�

鍘熼浕姹犵祫鎴愬紡锛堢铏�(h脿o)锛夌殑鏇稿锛涢浕姹犲弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婇浕姹犻浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勫畾

缇�锛涙(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鑸囨(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紱鍏冪礌闆诲嫝(sh矛)鍦栫殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

绗叚绔� 閰嶄綅鍖栧悎鐗�

閰嶅悎鐗╃殑鍏�(n猫i)鐣屽拰澶栫晫銆佷腑蹇冨師瀛�銆侀厤浣嶆暩(sh霉)銆侀厤浣嶉珨銆侀厤

浣嶅師瀛愮瓑姒傚康锛涘父瑕�(ji脿n)閰嶉珨鍜岄厤鍚堢墿鐨勫懡鍚�锛涢厤鍚堢墿鐨勫児(ji脿)閸电悊

璜�锛涢厤鍚堢墿鐨勯嵉鍚堢暟妲�(g貌u)鍜岄爢?l猫)涓叉偐?g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛涜灟鍚堟晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

10


 

 

鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎锛�

绗竴绔� 绶掕珫

鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)鏂规硶鐨勫垎椤烇紝鍒嗘瀽閬�(gu貌)绋嬪拰姝ラ銆�

绗簩绔� 瑾ゅ樊鍜屽垎鏋愭暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勮檿鐞�

瑾ゅ樊鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍘熷洜鍙婃笡鍏嶆柟娉曪紱婧�(zh菙n)纰哄害鍜岀簿瀵嗗害鐨勮〃绀烘柟

娉曞強浜岃€呬箣闁撶殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛涙湁鏁堟暩(sh霉)瀛椾綅鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫垽鏂�锛屾湁鏁堟暩(sh霉)瀛椾綅鏁�(sh霉)

淇磩鍜岃▓(j矛)绠楄(gu墨)鍓�锛涢’钁楁€ф椹�(y脿n)鐨勬柟娉曪紱鍋剁劧瑾ゅ樊鐨勬鎱�(t脿i)鍒嗗竷锛�

t 鍒嗗竷鏇茬窔锛涘彲鐤戞暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勫彇鑸嶆柟娉曪紱缃俊鍗€(q奴)闁撳畾缇╁強琛ㄧず鏂�

娉�銆�

绗笁绔� 婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉曟璜�

婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鍩烘湰琛�(sh霉)瑾�(y菙)锛涚敤浜庢淮瀹氱殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)蹇呴爤

鍏峰倷鐨勬浠�锛涢伕鎿囨寚绀哄姂鐨勪竴鑸師鍓囷紱妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鍙婂叾婵冨害琛�

绀烘柟娉曪紱婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉曚腑鐨勬湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涘父鐢ㄧ殑婊村畾鏂瑰紡锛屾憾娑�

涓寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勮檿鐞嗘柟娉�銆�

绗洓绔� 閰稿牽婊村畾娉�

姘存憾娑蹭腑閰革紙鍫匡級鍚勫瀷楂旂殑鍒嗗竷鍜屽垎甯冪郴鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫惈缇╁強鍏�

瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱鍚勭ó婊村畾椤炲瀷鍖栧(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)閲忛粸(di菐n) pH 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆佹淮瀹氱獊韬嶈寖鍦�锛�

骞舵摎(j霉)姝ら伕鎿囨伆鐣�(d膩ng)?sh霉)闂圭敇绶�?锛涘悇椤炲瀷閰�銆佸牽鑳藉惁琚簴(zh菙n)纰烘淮瀹氾紝

澶氬厓閰�銆佸牽鑳藉惁鍒嗘婊村畾灏�(du矛)鐨勫垽鏂锋浠讹紱閰稿牽婊村畾鍒嗘瀽绲�(ji茅)鏋�

鐨勬湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆傞潪姘存憾鍔戠殑鍧囧寲鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜屽崁(q奴)鍒嗘晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢潪姘存淮瀹氫腑

婧跺姂鍙婃淮瀹氬姂鐨勯伕鎿�锛涘奖闊垮悇椤炲瀷婊村畾鐨勫洜绱狅紱闈炴按婧跺姂鐨�

鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婄壒榛�(di菐n)锛涘悇绋鍨嬮吀鍫挎(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勯厤鍒�銆佹(bi膩o)瀹氬強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�

11


 

 

绗簲绔� 閰嶄綅婊村畾娉�

閰嶄綅婊村畾娉曠殑鍩烘湰姒傚康鍜屽熀鏈師鐞�锛涙淮瀹氭浠剁殑閬告搰鍜�

鎺у埗锛涙淮瀹氳宸殑瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱閰嶄綅婊村畾鏇茬窔鍙婂奖闊挎淮瀹氱獊韬嶇殑鍥�

绱�锛屽父鐢ㄧ殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鍙婂叾妯�(bi膩o)瀹�锛涘父鐢ㄧ殑閲戝爆鎸囩ず鍔�銆�

绗叚绔� 姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾娉�

姊濅欢闆讳綅鐨勬蹇�銆佸奖闊垮洜绱犲拰瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涙哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)姊濅欢

骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勫惈缇╁強鍏惰▓(j矛)绠楀拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涙哀鍖栭倓鍘熸寚绀哄姂鎸囩ず绲傞粸(di菐n)

鐨勫師鐞嗗拰閬告搰鍘熷墖锛涚閲忔硶銆侀珮閷抽吀閴€娉曞拰浜炵閰搁垑娉曠殑鍩�

鏈師鐞嗚垏娓�(c猫)瀹氭浠�銆佹寚绀哄姂鍙婃(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勯厤鍒惰垏妯�(bi膩o)瀹�锛涙哀鍖�

閭勫師婊村畾绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涙哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭洸绶�銆佸奖闊块浕浣嶇獊韬嶈寖

鍦嶇殑鍥犵礌鍜岀獊韬嶈寖鍦嶄及绠�锛涘奖闊挎哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熷害鐨勫洜绱�锛�

鍏朵粬姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾娉曠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鍜屾脯(c猫)瀹氭浠躲€�

绗竷绔� 娌夋穩婊村畾娉�

閴婚吀閴€鎸囩ず鍔戞硶銆侀惖閵ㄧが鎸囩ず鍔戞硶鍜屽惛闄勬寚绀哄姂娉曟寚绀�

绲傞粸(di菐n)鐨勫師鐞嗗拰姊濅欢锛涢妧閲忔硶婊村畾鏇茬窔锛涙(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勯厤鍒跺拰妯�(bi膩o)

瀹�銆�

绗叓绔� 閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽娉�

娌夋穩閲嶉噺娉曚腑涓嶅悓椤炲瀷娌夋穩鐨勬矇娣€?xi脿ng)l浠讹紱閲嶉噺鍥犳暩(sh霉)锛堟彌

绠楀洜鏁�(sh霉)锛夊強璩�(zh矛)閲忕櫨鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉�锛涙矇娣€閲嶉噺娉曚腑褰遍熆娌夋穩

婧惰В搴︾殑鍥犵礌锛涘皪(du矛)娌夋穩褰㈠紡鍜岀ū閲忓舰寮忕殑瑕佹眰銆�

绗節绔� 闆讳綅娉曞強姘稿仠婊村畾娉�

鎸囩ず闆绘サ鍜屽弮姣旈浕妤电殑姒傚康鍙婂師鐞嗭紱鐩存帴闆讳綅娉曟脯(c猫)閲忔憾

12


 

 

娑� pH 鐨勫師鐞�銆佹柟娉曞強娉ㄦ剰浜嬮爡(xi脿ng)锛涢洟瀛愰伕鎿囨€ч浕妤电殑閬告搰鎬�

绯绘暩(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇┿€佷綔鐢ㄤ互鍙� TISAB 鐨勪綔鐢�锛涢浕浣嶆淮瀹氭硶鍜屾案鍋滄淮

瀹氭硶鐨勫師鐞嗗強纰哄畾绲傞粸(di菐n)鐨勬柟娉�锛涘師闆绘睜鍜岄浕瑙f睜绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧師鐞�锛�

pH 鐜荤拑闆绘サ鍙婂叾浠栭洟瀛愰伕鎿囬浕妤电殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц兘锛涘叾浠栭櫚銆侀櫧(y谩ng)

闆㈠瓙婵冨害鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹氭柟娉�锛涢洟瀛愰伕鎿囬浕妤电殑娓�(c猫)瀹氳宸€�

绗崄绔� 鍏夎瓬鍒嗘瀽娉曟璜�

鍏夊(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑鍒嗛鍜屽熀鏈師鐞�锛涙尝鏁�(sh霉)銆佹尝闀�(zh菐ng)銆侀牷鐜囧拰鍏�

瀛愯兘閲忛枔鐨勬彌绠楋紱鍏夎瓬鍒嗘瀽鍎€鍣ㄧ殑鍩烘湰妲�(g貌u)閫�锛涢浕纾佹尝璀滅殑鍒�

鍗€(q奴)锛涢浕纾佽蓟灏勮垏鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐩镐簰浣滅敤鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)琛�(sh霉)瑾�(y菙)锛涘悇绋厜瀛�(xu茅)鍎€鍣ㄧ殑

涓昏閮ㄤ欢銆�

绗崄涓€绔� 绱鈥斿彲瑕�(ji脿n)鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉�

绱鍚告敹鍏夎瓬鐨勭壒寰�锛岄浕瀛愯簫閬烽鍨嬨€佸惛鏀跺付椤炲瀷銆佺壒

榛�(di菐n)鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱�锛�Lambert-Beer 瀹氬緥鍙婂叾鐗╃悊鎰忕京銆侀仼鐢ㄦ浠�銆�

鍋忛洟鍥犵礌锛涚传澶�-鍙(ji脿n)鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曠敤浜庡柈绲勫垎瀹氶噺鐨勬柟娉�锛�

澶氱祫鍒嗗畾閲忕殑绶氭€ф柟绋嬬祫娉曞拰闆欐尝闀�(zh菐ng)娉�锛涚传澶�-鍙(ji脿n)鍒嗗厜鍏�

搴﹁▓(j矛)鐨勪富瑕侀儴浠躲€佸伐浣滃師鐞�锛涚传澶�-鍙(ji脿n)鍒嗗厜鍏夊害瑷�(j矛)鐨勫咕绋�

鍏夎矾椤炲瀷锛涙瘮鑹叉硶鐨勫師鐞嗗強椤壊鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姊濅欢閬告搰锛涚传澶�-鍙(ji脿n)

鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曞畾鎬у強绱斿害妾㈡煡鏂规硶銆�

绗崄浜岀珷 鐔掑厜鍒嗘瀽娉�

鐔掑厜鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛涘垎瀛愮啋鍏夌殑鐧�(f膩)鐢熼亷(gu貌)绋�锛涙縺鐧�(f膩)鍏�

璀滃拰鐧�(f膩)灏勫厜璀滐紱鐔掑厜鍏夎瓬鐨勭壒寰�锛涚啋鍏夊畾閲忓垎鏋愭柟娉�锛涘垎瀛�

寰炴縺鐧�(f膩)鎱�(t脿i)杩斿洖鍩烘厠(t脿i)鐨勫悇绋€斿緫锛涘垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩啋鍏夌殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛涘奖

13


 

 

闊跨啋鍏夊挤(qi谩ng)搴︾殑鍥犵礌銆�

绗崄鍥涚珷 鍘熷瓙鍚告敹鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉�

鍘熷瓙鍚告敹鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鍜屽畾閲忓垎鏋愭柟娉�锛涘師瀛�

鍚告敹鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曞(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)姊濅欢鐨勯伕鎿囧強娑堥櫎骞叉摼鐨勬柟娉�锛涘師瀛愬惛

鏀跺垎鍏夊厜搴﹁▓(j矛)銆�

绗崄涓冪珷 鑹茶瓬鍒嗘瀽娉曟璜�

鑹茶瓬娉曠殑鏈夐棞(gu膩n)姒傚康鍜屽悇绋壊璀滃弮鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楀叕寮�锛涘垎閰嶈壊

璀滄硶銆佸惛闄勮壊璀滄硶銆侀洟瀛愪氦鎻涜壊璀滄硶鍜屽垎瀛愭帓闃昏壊璀滄硶鐨勫垎

闆㈡(j墨)鍒�锛涜壊璀滄硶鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栵紙鍗冲鏉跨悊璜栧拰閫熺巼鐞嗚珫锛夛紱鑹�

璀滈亷(gu貌)绋�锛涘浐瀹氱浉鍜屾祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐩搞€佸奖闊跨祫鍒嗕繚鐣欒鐐虹殑鍥犵礌銆�

绗崄鍏珷 骞抽潰鑹茶瓬娉�

钖勫堡鑹茶瓬娉曞拰绱欒壊璀滄硶鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗐€佸垎椤�锛涙瘮绉诲€煎拰鐩�

灏�(du矛)姣旂Щ鍊�銆佹瘮绉诲€艰垏鍒嗛厤绯绘暩(sh霉)锛堝閲忓洜瀛愶級鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涘父鐢ㄧ殑

鍥哄畾鐩稿拰娴佸嫊(d貌ng)鐩�锛涘惛闄勮壊璀滀腑鍥哄畾鐩稿拰娴佸嫊(d貌ng)鐩哥殑閬告搰銆侀’鑹�

鏂规硶锛涘畾鎬у拰瀹氶噺鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶锛涜杽灞よ壊璀滀腑钖勫堡鏉跨殑绋锛涜杽

灞よ壊璀滄搷浣滄椹�锛涘奖闊胯杽灞よ壊璀滄瘮绉诲€肩殑鍥犵礌銆�

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绗簩鍗佺珷 楂樻晥娑茬浉鑹茶瓬娉�

14


 

 

楂樻晥娑茬浉鑹茶瓬娉曠殑鍒嗛锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)閸靛悎鐩歌壊璀滄硶锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)閸靛悎

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鑹茶瓬娉曞拰姝g浉閸靛悎鐩歌壊璀滄硶鍙婂叾鍒嗛洟姊濅欢鐨勯伕鎿囩瓑銆�

15

鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠h〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�

  • 涓婁竴绡囨枃绔狅細

  • 涓嬩竴绡囨枃绔狅細
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