2021骞�澶╂触澶у(xu茅)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│寰�(f霉)瑭﹁€冪爺澶х侗

瑾茬▼鍚嶇ū锛氱敓鐗╁(xu茅)缍滃悎
鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)缍滃悎鑰冭│鍖呮嫭寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)锛圓锛夈€佺敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)鑸囧垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)锛圔锛夊叐鍊�(g猫)閮ㄥ垎銆�
涓€銆佽€冭│鐨勭附楂旇姹�
A 閮ㄥ垎锛氬井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)
瑕佹眰鎺屾彙寰敓鐗╃殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)鑸囩窗(x矛)鑳炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺箒娈栨柟寮忓強鐢熸椿鍙层€佺敓闀�(zh菐ng)鑸囨帶鍒�銆佺嚐(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)椤炲瀷

鍙婄敘(ch菐n)鑳�
浠ｈ瑵鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佸熀鍥犵獊璁婅垏鍩哄洜閲嶇祫銆佸垎椤炵瓑鐨勫熀鏈悊璜�锛涚啛鎮夌窗(x矛)鑿屻€侀叺姣嶈弻銆侀湁鑿�

鍙婁富瑕佺梾姣�
绋爆鐨勫吀鍨嬬敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐗瑰緛鍙婂娈栨柟寮�锛涙帉鎻″熀鏈殑寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐮旂┒鏂规硶鍙婃搷浣滄妧鑳姐€�

鎺屾彙鍏嶇柅瀛�(xu茅)
鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栧強鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆�
B 閮ㄥ垎锛氱敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)鑸囧垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)
浜嗚В姘ㄥ熀閰搞€佽偨鐨勫垎椤�锛涙帉鎻℃皑鍩洪吀鑸囪泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涗簡瑙ｈ泲鐧�

璩�(zh矛)涓€銆�
浜�銆佷笁鍜屽洓绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涙帉鎻¤泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勮畩鎬т綔鐢紱鎺屾彙铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳界殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛涘叏

闈簡瑙ｆ牳閰�

 
 
鐨勭祫鎴�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍠綅浠ュ強鎺屾彙鏍搁吀鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛涗簡瑙� DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰�锛涗簡

瑙ｈ綁(zhu菐n)閷勯亷(gu貌)绋嬪拰
閫嗚綁(zhu菐n)閷勯亷(gu貌)绋�锛涗簡瑙� RNA 鐨勫京(f霉)鍒�锛涗簡瑙ｈ綁(zhu菐n)搴х殑姒傚康浠ュ強杞�(zhu菐n)搴т綔鐢ㄧ殑姗�(j墨)鍒�锛涙帉鎻″熀

鍥犲伐绋嬫搷浣滅殑
涓€鑸椹燂紝鐞嗚В鐮旂┒鍩哄洜鍔熻兘鐨勪竴浜涙柟娉曞拰鍘熺悊锛屼簡瑙ｈ泲鐧借唱(zh矛)宸ョ▼鐨勯€�(j矛n)灞曘€�
浜�銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
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1.寰敓鐗╃殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)鍜岀窗(x矛)鑳炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氬師鏍稿井鐢熺墿绱�(x矛)鑳炰富瑕佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀祫鎴�銆佺湡鏍稿井鐢熺墿绱�(x矛)鑳�

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗�
榛�(di菐n)銆佺箒娈栨柟寮忕瓑鏂归潰鐨勫吀鍨嬬壒寰�锛涢’寰彙鎿嶄綔銆侀潻铇皬鏌撹壊绛夊熀鏈(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍘熺悊鍜屾搷

浣�銆�
2.寰敓鐗╃嚐(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)銆佷唬璎濄€佺敓闀�(zh菐ng)绻佹畺鍙婂叾鎺у埗锛氬井鐢熺墿鐨勭嚐(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)椤炲瀷锛岀嚐(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)閬�(y霉n)杓�?sh霉)绾愁対?/P>

瀛�(xu茅)閬�(gu貌)绋�锛�
鍥涚ó鐕�(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)椤炲瀷寰敓鐗╃殑鐕�(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍚屽寲浠ｈ瑵閫斿緫銆侀棞(gu膩n)閸甸叾鍜屼唬璎濊(di脿o)鎺�锛涘井鐢熺墿涓昏

鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)鍙冩暩(sh霉)鐨�
娓�(c猫)瀹氬拰瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉曪紱鎺у埗寰敓鐗╃敓闀�(zh菐ng)鐨勫父鐢ㄦ柟娉曞拰鍘熺悊銆傜啛鎮変富瑕佺梾鍘熺窗(x矛)鑿屻€佺湡鑿�

鐨勬瘨鍔涘洜瀛�锛�
宸ユキ(y猫)甯哥敤閰垫瘝鑿�銆侀湁鑿岀殑鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鐗瑰緛銆�
3.鐥呮瘨锛氱梾姣掔殑鍒嗛渚濇摎(j霉)锛涗富瑕佺窗(x矛)鑿�銆佷汉鍙婂嫊(d貌ng)鐗╃梾姣掔殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺敓鍖栫祫鎴�銆佸

娈栨柟寮�
鍜岀敓娲诲懆鏈�锛岀梾姣掑(xu茅)鐮旂┒鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆�
4.寰敓鐗╅伜鍌宠垏鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鐨勮(di脿o)鎺э細寰敓鐗╁熀鍥犵祫銆佽唱(zh矛)绮�銆佽綁(zhu菐n)搴у瓙銆佸師鏍稿熀鍥犲強鎿�

绺卞瓙绲�(ji茅)
妲�(g貌u)绛夌殑鍩烘湰姒傚康锛涘師鏍稿熀鍥犲強鎿嶇副瀛愯〃閬�(d谩)瑾�(di脿o)鎺ф(j墨)鍒�锛涘井鐢熺墿鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鐨勪富瑕佹妧琛�(sh霉)

鍘熺悊鍙婃搷浣�
鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆�
5.寰敓鐗╃敓鎱�(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)锛氬井鐢熺墿鍒嗗竷銆佸湪鐗╄唱(zh矛)寰挵(hu谩n)鍜岃兘閲忔祦鍕�(d貌ng)涓殑浣滅敤锛涜吀閬撳強鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪敓

澧冨井鐢�
鐗╃兢钀�锛屽井鐢熺墿缇よ惤鐮旂┒鏂规硶瀛�(xu茅)銆�
6.寰敓鐗╁垎椤炲(xu茅)锛氬井鐢熺墿鍒嗛鍠厓鍜屽懡鍚嶆硶鍓�銆佷富瑕佷緷鎿�(j霉)锛屽寘鎷� 16S RNA銆侊紙

G+C锛�%銆�
涓夊煙绯荤当(t菕ng)绛夌殑鍩烘湰姒傚康锛涘師鏍稿井鐢熺墿鍒嗛绯荤当(t菕ng)鈥滀集鏉版皬绱�(x矛)鑿岄憭瀹氭墜鍐�(c猫)鈥�锛屼富瑕佺湡

鑿屽垎椤炵郴绲�(t菕ng)
鈥滅湡鑿屽瓧鍏糕€濈殑鍩烘湰鍒嗛鐗瑰緛銆�
7.鍏嶇柅瀛�(xu茅)锛氬厤鐤殑涓昏鍔熻兘锛涘厤鐤櫒瀹�銆佺窗(x矛)鑳炲拰閲嶈鐨勫厤鐤垎瀛�锛屼富瑕佸厤鐤窗(x矛)鑳�

锛堝柈鏍�
宸ㄥ櫖绱�(x矛)鑳炪€乀銆丅 绱�(x矛)鑳烇級琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鐨勯噸瑕佽啘鍒嗗瓙鍙婂叾鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鍔熻兘锛涘厛澶╂€ц垏鐗圭暟鎬у厤

鐤殑鍩烘湰鐗�
榛�(di菐n)锛屾姉鍘熼仦鍛堥€斿緫鑸囧厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旀(j墨)鍒讹紱甯哥敤鐨勮娓呭(xu茅)鍙婄窗(x矛)鑳炲厤鐤(xu茅)鐮旂┒鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆�
B 閮ㄥ垎锛氱敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)鑸囧垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)
1.铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍖栧(xu茅)
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚锛�20 绋皑鍩洪吀鐨勭啊(ji菐n)瀵铏�(h脿o)锛涙皑鍩洪吀鐨勭悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�

铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)
鍒嗗瓙鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛堜竴绱�(j铆)銆佷簩绱�(j铆)銆侀珮绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬蹇靛強褰㈠紡锛�锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)涓€绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)娓�(c猫)瀹氱殑涓€

鑸椹燂紱铔�
鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂垎闆㈢磾鍖栧拰绱斿害閼掑畾鐨勬柟娉�锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勮畩鎬т綔鐢紱铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鑸囧姛鑳界殑闂�(gu膩n)
绯�銆�
2.鏍搁吀鍖栧(xu茅)
鏍搁吀鐨勫熀鏈寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚鍙婂垎椤�锛涙牳鑻烽吀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛汥NA 鍜� RNA 涓€绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬蹇靛拰

浜岀礆(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑕�
鐗归粸(di菐n)锛汥NA 鐨勪笁绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛汻NA 鐨勫垎椤炲強鍚勯 RNA 鐨勭敓鐗╁(xu茅)鍔熻兘锛涙牳閰哥殑涓昏

鐞嗗寲鐗规€�锛涙牳閰�
鐨勭爺绌舵柟娉�銆�
3.DNA锛孯NA 鍜岄伜鍌冲瘑纰�
DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰嬶紱鍙冭垏 DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑閰堕鑸囪泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍥犲瓙鐨勭ó椤炲拰浣滅敤锛堥噸

榛�(di菐n)鏄師鏍哥敓
鐗╃殑 DNA 鑱氬悎閰讹級锛汥NA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑鍩烘湰閬�(gu貌)绋�锛涚湡鏍哥敓鐗╄垏鍘熸牳鐢熺墿 DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒�

鐨勬瘮杓�锛涜綁(zhu菐n)閷勫熀鏈�
姒傚康锛涘弮鑸囪綁(zhu菐n)閷勭殑閰跺強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鍥犲瓙锛涘師鏍哥敓鐗╃殑杞�(zhu菐n)閷勯亷(gu貌)绋�锛汻NA 杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫悗鍔犲伐鐨勬剰

缇�锛沵RNA銆乼RNA銆�
rRNA 鍜岄潪绶ㄧ⒓ RNA 鐨勫悗鍔犲伐锛涢€嗚綁(zhu菐n)閷勭殑閬�(gu貌)绋�锛涢€嗚綁(zhu菐n)閷勭梾姣掔殑鐢熸椿鍛ㄦ湡鍜岄€嗚綁(zhu菐n)

閷勭梾姣掕級楂旂殑
鎳�(y墨ng)鐢級锛汻NA 鐨勫京(f霉)鍒讹細?ji菐n)鎹�?RNA 鐥呮瘨鐨� RNA 寰�(f霉)鍒�锛岄洐閺� RNA 鐥呮瘨鐨� RNA

寰�(f霉)鍒�锛汻NA 鍌抽仦鍔犲伐
閬哄偝淇℃伅锛涙煋鑹查珨姒傝堪锛涚湡鏍哥窗(x矛)鑳炴煋鑹查珨鐨勭祫鎴�锛涘師鏍哥敓鐗╁熀鍥犵祫锛汥NA 鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)

搴�锛涜綁(zhu菐n)搴у瓙鐨�
鍒嗛鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛锛涜綁(zhu菐n)搴т綔鐢ㄧ殑姗�(j墨)鍒�锛涜綁(zhu菐n)搴т綔鐢ㄧ殑閬哄偝瀛�(xu茅)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛涚湡鏍哥敓鐗╀腑鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)搴�

瀛�锛涜綁(zhu菐n)搴у瓙
Tnl0 鐨勮(di脿o)鎺ф(j墨)鍒�銆�
4.鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鍜岃泲鐧借唱(zh矛)宸ョ▼

 
 
鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鐨勭啊(ji菐n)浠嬶紱DNA 鍏嬮殕鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�锛涘熀鍥犵殑鍒嗛洟銆佸悎鎴愬拰娓�(c猫)搴忥紱鍏嬮殕鍩哄洜

鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)锛�
鍩哄洜渚�(l谩i)婧�銆佷汉椤炲熀鍥犵祫瑷�(j矛)鍔冨強鏍搁吀闋嗗簭鍒嗘瀽锛涘熀鍥犵殑鍔熻兘鐮旂┒锛堥嚌灏�(du矛)鍩哄洜鍔熻兘鐨�

鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐮旂┒鎶€
琛�(sh霉)濡傚熀鍥犳暡闄ゅ拰 RNA 骞叉摼鏄繎骞翠締(l谩i)鐨勭爺绌剁啽榛�(di菐n)锛屾槸鍩虹(ch菙)鐮旂┒鑸囨妧琛�(sh霉)绲�(ji茅)鍚堢殑鍏歌寖

锛�锛汻NA 鍜� DNA
鐨勬脯(c猫)搴忔柟娉曞強鍏堕亷(gu貌)绋�锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)宸ョ▼銆�
涓�銆佸弮鑰冩浉(sh奴)鐩�
A 閮ㄥ垎锛氬井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)
[1]娌堣悕锛屽井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)(绗叓鐗�)锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2016
[2]榫旈潪鍔�锛岄啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鍏嶇柅瀛�(xu茅)锛堢 3 鐗堬級锛岀瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�2012.
B 閮ㄥ垎锛氱敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)鑸囧垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)
[1] 鏈卞湥搴� 寰愰暦(zh菐ng)娉� 鐜嬮彙宸�.鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)锛堢 4 鐗堬級锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2017.
[2] Benjamin Lewin锛屼綑榫嶇瓑璀�.銆婂熀鍥� VIII銆嬶紙涓枃鐗堬級锛岀瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�

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