2021骞�澶╂触澶у(xu茅)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑰冪爺澶х侗

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绱�(x矛)鑳炵敓鐗╁(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)
涓€銆佽€冭│绺介珨瑕佹眰
瑕佹眰鑰冪敓绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦版帉鎻＄窗(x矛)鑳炵敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹瑰拰涓昏鐮旂┒鏂规硶锛屾帉鎻＄敓鍛介珨鏈€鍩�

鏈殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鑸囧姛鑳藉柈浣�锛岀窗(x矛)鑳炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳界殑瀵嗗垏闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛岀悊瑙ｇ窗(x矛)鑳炰俊铏�(h脿o)鍌抽仦鑸囧绋敓鍛芥椿鍕�(d貌ng)

涔嬮枔鐨勫瘑鍒囬棞(gu膩n)
绯�锛岀悊瑙ｇ窗(x矛)鑳炵敓鍛芥椿鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勮(gu墨)寰嬬瓑鏈€鍩烘湰鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)鐞嗚珫鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)閭勮姹傝€冪敓鎺屾彙

绱�(x矛)鑳炵敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐮�
绌堕牁(l菒ng)鍩熶腑鐨勬渶鏂扮殑鐮旂┒閫�(j矛n)灞曞拰鎴愬氨锛屽叿鍌欒純寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勫垎鏋愬晱椤岃垏瑙ｆ焙鍟忛鐨勮兘鍔�銆�
浜�銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1.绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑绲�(t菕ng)涓€鎬ц垏澶氭ǎ鎬�
绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑鍩烘湰姒傚康銆佹柊鎬濊€�銆佷竴鑸祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸厓绱犵祫鎴愬拰澶у垎瀛愮祫鎴愪互鍙婄窗(x矛)鑳炵殑鍩烘湰

鍏辨€�锛岀梾
姣掑強鍏惰垏绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紱鍘熸牳绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑閲嶈浠ｈ〃鈥斺€旀敮鍘熼珨銆佺窗(x矛)鑿屻€佽棈(l谩n)钘�銆佸彜鏍哥窗(x矛)

鑳炰互鍙婂師鏍哥窗(x矛)
鑳炶垏鐪熸牳绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑姣旇純绛夊収(n猫i)瀹广€傜窗(x矛)鑳炵敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐨勬ā寮忕敓鐗╁強鍏剁壒榛�(di菐n)銆傜湡鏍哥窗(x矛)鑳�

鐨勫熀鏈祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)楂�
绯�銆佺窗(x矛)鑳炲舰鎱�(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳界殑闂�(gu膩n)绯讳互鍙婃鐗╃窗(x矛)鑳炶垏鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╃窗(x矛)鑳炵殑鐣板悓榛�(di菐n)銆傜梾姣�銆佸師

鏍哥窗(x矛)鑳�銆佺湡鏍�
绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑鍩烘湰褰㈡厠(t脿i)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳界殑闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€侀€�(j矛n)鍖栧湴浣�銆佸叡鎬у拰鐗规€с€�
2.绱�(x矛)鑳炵敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐮旂┒鏂规硶
绱�(x矛)鑳炲舰鎱�(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮瀵熸柟娉�锛屽寘鎷悇绋厜閺°€侀浕閺＄殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佹妧琛�(sh霉)鎬ц兘銆佸伐浣�

鍘熺悊銆侀仼
鐢ㄨ寖鍦嶄互鍙婂悇鑷姹傜殑鍒舵ǎ鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍙婄壒榛�(di菐n)锛涚窗(x矛)鑳炵祫鍒嗙殑鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶锛屽寘鎷窗(x矛)鑳炲強绱�(x矛)

鑳炵祫鍒嗙殑鍒嗛洟
鑸囩磾鍖�锛涚壒鐣拌泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鎶楀師鐨勫畾浣嶈垏瀹氭€�锛涚壒鐣版牳閰哥殑瀹氫綅鑸囧畾鎬т互鍙婂悓浣嶇礌鎶€

琛�(sh霉)鐮旂┒鐢熺墿澶�
鍒嗗瓙鍦ㄧ窗(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)鐨勫悎鎴愬嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)銆傜窗(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)鏍搁吀銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)銆侀叾銆佺硸鍜岃剛绛夌殑椤ず鏂规硶锛�

DNA 鑸囪泲鐧�
璩�(zh矛)鐨勯珨澶栧惛闄勬妧琛�(sh霉)浠ュ強瀹氶噺绱�(x矛)鑳炲寲瀛�(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆傜窗(x矛)鑳炲煿椁�(y菐ng)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛岀窗(x矛)鑳�

宸ョ▼鍜屽柈鍏嬮殕
鎶楅珨锛岄’寰搷浣滄妧琛�(sh霉)銆傚悇绋爺绌舵柟娉曠殑鐢ㄩ€�锛屽熀鏈師鐞�锛屽熀鏈搷浣滅▼搴�銆�
3.绱�(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)鑶滆垏绱�(x矛)鑳炶〃闈�
绱�(x矛)鑳炶啘鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)妯″瀷銆佽啘鎴愬垎鈥斺€旇啘鑴�銆佽啘铔嬬櫧鐨勯亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)锛堟祦鍕�(d貌ng)鎬ц垏鍒嗗竷鐨勪笉灏�(du矛)绋�

鎬х瓑锛夛紝
绱�(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)鑶滃姛鑳�锛岀窗(x矛)鑳炶〃闈㈢壒鍖栫祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸強鍏剁敘(ch菐n)鐢熷強鍔熻兘锛涚窗(x矛)鑳炲琚�銆佺窗(x矛)鑳炲鍩鸿唱(zh矛)

锛堣啝鍘燂紝绯栬兒
鑱氱硸鍜岃泲鐧借仛绯�锛屽堡绮橀€ｈ泲鐧藉拰绾栭€ｈ泲鐧�锛屽綀鎬ц泲鐧界瓑锛�銆佺窗(x矛)鑳炲鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢熴€佺壒

榛�(di菐n)鍙婂姛鑳�銆�
4.鐗╄唱(zh矛)璺ㄨ啘閬�(y霉n)杓歌垏淇℃伅鍌抽仦
鐗╄唱(zh矛)璺ㄨ啘閬�(y霉n)杓�?sh霉)濮嗙粸鍓戙剸椴�?d貌ng)閬�(y霉n)杓�锛岃鍕�(d貌ng)閬�(y霉n)杓革紝鑳炲悶浣滅敤鍜岃優鍚愪綔鐢ㄧ瓑锛�銆佺壒榛�(di菐n)

鍙婂叾鑸囩窗(x矛)
鑳炵敓鍛芥椿鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傜窗(x矛)鑳為€氳▕鍜屼俊铏�(h脿o)鍌抽仦鐨勬柟寮忋€佺壒榛�(di菐n)锛堝緛锛�銆佽(gu墨)寰嬪強鍏惰垏绱�(x矛)

鑳炵敓鍛芥椿鍕�(d貌ng)鐨�
闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傜墿璩�(zh矛)璺ㄨ啘閬�(y霉n)杓�?sh霉)骞曨姠鐥夌粸鍓戭儞闉ｇ粸闄嶅ザ鏀竎(di菐n)锛岀墿璩�(zh矛)閬告搰鎬ч亱(y霉n)杓歌垏绱�(x矛)鑳炲绋�

鐢熷懡娲诲嫊(d貌ng)涔嬮枔
鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紝绱�(x矛)鑳炶瓨(sh铆)鍒�锛岀窗(x矛)鑳為€氳▕鑸囦俊铏�(h脿o)鍌抽仦鐨勯€斿緫锛屾秹鍙婁俊铏�(h脿o)鍌抽仦鐨勭窗(x矛)鑳炰腑鐨勫彈

楂旂殑绋锛岀壒
寰侊紝淇¤櫉(h脿o)鍌抽仦涓殑淇¤櫉(h脿o)鍒嗗瓙鍙婂叾浣滅敤瑕�(gu墨)寰嬬瓑銆�
5.绱�(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)鍩鸿唱(zh矛)鑸囩窗(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)鑶滅郴绲�(t菕ng)
绱�(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)鍩鸿唱(zh矛)锛堟蹇�銆佸姛鑳斤級锛屽収(n猫i)璩�(zh矛)缍�(w菐ng)椤炲瀷銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸姛鑳藉拰鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)瑾�(di脿o)鎺х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�

锛屽強铔嬬櫧
璩�(zh矛)鐨勫垎閬糕€斺€斾俊铏�(h脿o)鍋囪锛岄珮鐖惧熀寰�(f霉)鍚堥珨鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽姛鑳戒互鍙婅垏绱�(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)鑶滄场閬�(y霉n)

杓镐腑鐨勪綔鐢�锛�
婧堕叾楂旈鍨�銆佸姛鑳藉拰鐢熺墿鐧�(f膩)鐢熶互鍙婂井楂�銆傜窗(x矛)鑳炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)楂旂郴鐨勮閰嶈垏铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫垎閬�

涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
鍏�(n猫i)鑶滅郴绲�(t菕ng)鍚勬垚鍝＄殑鐧�(f膩)鐢�銆佸姛鑳藉強鍏剁浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯汇€�
6.绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑鑳介噺杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涒€斺€旂窔绮掗珨鍜岃憠缍犻珨
绶氱矑楂斿舰鎱�(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚鍙婇叾瀹氫綅锛岃憠缍犻珨褰㈡厠(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚锛岀窔绮掗珨鐨�

姘у寲纾烽吀
鍖栧拰鍗婅嚜涓绘€�锛岃憠缍犻珨鐨勫姛鑳解€斺€斿厜鍚堜綔鐢ㄥ拰鍗婅嚜涓绘€э紝绶氱矑楂斿拰钁夌稜楂旂殑澧�

娈栧拰璧锋簮銆�
7.绱�(x矛)鑳炴牳鑸囨煋鑹查珨
鏍歌鑶溿€佹牳瀛斿京(f霉)鍚堥珨鍜屾牳绾栧堡銆傛煋鑹茶唱(zh矛)椤炲瀷銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚銆佹煋鑹茶唱(zh矛)鍖呰鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)妯�

鍨�锛屾煋鑹�
楂旀敮鏋跺強鏍搁鏋�锛涗腑鏈熸煋鑹查珨鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹煋鑹查珨 DNA 鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸靛簭鍒�銆佹煋鑹查珨鏍�

鍨嬭垏甯跺瀷鎶€
琛�(sh霉)鍙婂叾閬�(y霉n)鐢紝鏌撹壊璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧熀鍥犺綁(zhu菐n)閷勭殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屾牳鍩鸿唱(zh矛)鑸囨牳楂旂殑姒傚康銆傚法澶ф煋鑹�

楂�锛屾牳浠佺殑瓒�
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寰祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽姛鑳�銆傜窗(x矛)鑳炴牳鍜屾煋鑹查珨鐨勫垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾煋鑹茶唱(zh矛)鑸囨煋鑹查珨鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
8.鏍哥硸楂�
鏍哥硸楂旂殑鍩烘湰椤炲瀷銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨垚鍒�锛屽鑱氭牳绯栭珨涓泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勫悎鎴愩€俁-铔嬬櫧鍜�

rRNA 鐨勫姛鑳�
浠ュ強 RNA 鍦ㄧ敓鍛借捣婧愪腑鐨勫湴浣�銆�
9.绱�(x矛)鑳為鏋�
绱�(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)楠ㄦ灦鈥斺€斿井绲层€佸井绠�銆佷腑闁撶簴缍殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽姛鑳姐€傜窗(x矛)鑳炴牳楠ㄦ灦锛堟牳鍩�

璩�(zh矛)锛屾煋鑹�
楂旀敮鏋�锛屾牳绾栧堡绛夛級銆傜窗(x矛)鑳為鏋跺悇鎴愬摗鐨勫熀鏈祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸舰鎴�銆佸垎甯冪壒榛�(di菐n)锛屼互鍙婂畠

鍊戣垏绱�(x矛)鑳炲绋�
鐢熷懡娲诲嫊(d貌ng)涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
10.绱�(x矛)鑳炲娈栧強鍏惰(di脿o)鎺�
绱�(x矛)鑳炲懆鏈熺殑姒傚康鍙婂妰鍒嗙殑渚濇摎(j霉)锛岀窗(x矛)鑳炲懆鏈熷悇鏅�(sh铆)鐩稿強鍏剁櫦(f膩)鐢熷湪鍚勬檪(sh铆)鐩哥殑涓昏鐗瑰緛

鎬т簨浠躲€�
绱�(x矛)鑳炲垎瑁�锛岀壒鍒ユ槸鏈夌挡鍒嗚鍜屾笡鏁�(sh霉)鍒嗚閬庣▼銆佺壒榛�(di菐n)鍜岃(gu墨)寰嬶紝绱�(x矛)鑳炲懆鏈熻(di脿o)鎺у洜瀛�

鍙婂叾浣滅敤瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛�
绱�(x矛)鑳炲懆鏈熼亱(y霉n)杞�(zhu菐n)鐨勮(di脿o)鎺�锛屽叾浠栧収(n猫i)鍦ㄥ拰澶栧湪鍥犵礌鍦ㄧ窗(x矛)鑳炲懆鏈熻(di脿o)鎺т腑鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€�
11.绱�(x矛)鑳炲垎鍖栬垏鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)瑾�(di脿o)鎺�
绱�(x矛)鑳炲垎鍖栫殑姒傚康銆佺窗(x矛)鑳炵櫦(f膩)鑲茬殑娼涜兘銆佺窗(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)鍜岀窗(x矛)鑳炴牳鍦ㄧ窗(x矛)鑳炲垎鍖栦腑鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ互鍙�

褰遍熆绱�(x矛)鑳�
鍒嗗寲鐨勮優澶栧洜绱�锛岀窗(x矛)鑳炲垎鍖栬垏鑳氳儙鐧�(f膩)鑲�銆傜檶绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑涓昏鐗瑰緛銆佽嚧鐧屽洜绱犲拰鐧屽熀

鍥�?q奴)W瑾�銆佺檶鍩�
鍥犺垏鎶戠檶鍩哄洜浠ュ強鍩哄洜绐佽畩鑸囪叓鐦ょ櫦(f膩)鐢熺瓑銆傜湡鏍哥窗(x矛)鑳炲熀鍥犺〃閬�(d谩)鐨勮(di脿o)鎺ц綁(zhu菐n)閷勫墠銆�

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[3] 妤婄叆鏄庤.鍩哄洜鐨勫垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)(绗� 7 鐗�)锛岀瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�2015.