2021骞�澶╂触澶у纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛歌€冭│鑰冪爺澶х侗

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鐢熺墿閱�(y墨)瀛稿伐绋嬪熀绀�
涓€銆佽€冭│鐨勭附楂旇姹�
鎺屾彙鐢熺墿閱�(y墨)瀛稿伐绋嬬殑鍩虹鐭ヨ瓨鍜屽熀鏈悊璜�锛屽苟鑳藉悎鐞嗛亱鐢ㄨВ姹哄闅涘晱椤�銆�
浜�銆佽€冭│鐨勫収瀹瑰強姣斾緥
鑰冭│鍏у鍒嗙偤 A銆丅銆丆銆丏 鍥涘€嬫ā濉婏紝鑰冪敓鍙换閬稿叾涓竴鍊嬫ā濉�銆侫 妯″鐐洪啱(y墨)瀛告垚鍍�
鍩虹锛孊 妯″鐐洪啱(y墨)鐢ㄥ偝鎰熷熀绀�锛孋 妯″鐐虹敓鐗╅啱(y墨)瀛镐俊铏熻檿鐞嗗熀绀�锛孌 妯″鐐哄厜瀛歌垏鍏夐浕鍩虹銆�
锛堜竴锛堿 妯″锛氶啱(y墨)瀛告垚鍍忓熀绀�
1. 鍌崇当(t菕ng) X 灏勭窔鎴愬儚
锛�1锛塜 灏勭窔鐗╃悊鍩虹锛圶 绶氱敘鐢熸浠跺強鎬ц唱锛涢煂鑷磋蓟灏�銆佺壒寰佽蓟灏勮垏鍏跺皪鎳夊皠绶氳瓬锛�
X 灏勭窔绠＄殑鎶€琛撳弮鏁�(sh霉)锛沊 绶氳垏鐗╄唱鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢紱X 绶氬挤搴﹁垏纭害锛沊 绶氱殑纭寲锛沊 绶氶€忓皠鑸�
琛版笡锛�
锛�2锛塜 灏勭窔閫忚鎴愬儚锛堝偝绲�(t菕ng) X 灏勭窔鎴愬儚鍘熺悊銆佺郴绲�(t菕ng)鍙婃柟寮�锛涘奖闊� X 灏勭窔鎴愬儚璩噺鐨勪富
瑕佸洜绱狅紱鍏稿瀷 H-D 鏇茬窔褰㈡厠(t脿i)锛屽叾姗副鍧愭鍙婂悇鍙冩暩(sh霉)鍚京锛涘師鐧�(f膩)/瀹㈣/涓昏灏嶆瘮搴︽蹇�锛屽畾缇�
鍏紡锛岀浉闂滄€ф帹灏�锛涘偝绲�(t菕ng) X 灏勭窔鎴愬儚缂洪粸锛�
锛�3锛塜 绶氬奖鍍忚唱閲忚⿻鍍癸紙鍍忕礌銆佸垎杈ㄧ巼銆佸皪姣斿害鐨勬蹇碉級
锛�4锛夌稉鍏� X 灏勭窔鏂峰堡鎴愬儚锛圶 绶氭柗灞ゆ垚鍍忕殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛�
锛�5锛夋暩(sh霉)瀛楁笡褰憋紙鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀壀褰卞師鐞嗗強鏂规硶锛涙檪搴忔笡褰�銆佽兘閲忔笡褰�銆佹贩鍜屽壀褰卞師鐞�锛汯 鍚告敹
甯跺強 K 鍚告敹閭婄罚娉曟蹇碉級
锛�6锛夋暩(sh霉)瀛楀寲 X 绶氭敐褰憋紙CR 鎴愬儚鍘熺悊銆� DR 鎴愬儚鍘熺悊銆佷簩鑰呭崁(q奴)鍒ヨ垏鎴愬儚鍎�(y艒u)榛烇級
2. 瑷堢畻姗熸柗灞ゆ垚鍍�
锛�1锛塜-CT 瀹氱京銆佹垚鍍忓弮鏁�(sh霉)鍜屾巸鎻忔柟寮忥紙CT 鎴愬儚姒傚康锛涘儚绱犺垏楂斿厓姒傚康锛涜“娓涚郴鏁�(sh霉)鑸�
CT 鍊煎畾缇�锛汣T 鑸囪啝鐗囧垎杈ㄧ巼宸暟鍙婂師鍥�锛涚獥鍙ｆ妧琛撹垏绐楀銆佺獥浣嶅畾缇�锛涚涓€浠ｅ埌绗簲浠�
CT 鐗归粸锛�
锛�2锛塁T 鍦栧儚閲嶅缓鍘熺悊鍜屾柟娉曪紙鎶曞奖姒傚康鑸囧璩�锛涙寮﹀湒姒傚康鍙婂叕寮忥紱CT 鍦栬薄閲嶅缓鏂�
娉曞垎椤炲強鍏稿瀷浠ｈ〃绠楁硶姣旇純锛涚洿鎺ュ弽鎶曞奖閲嶅缓娉曞師鐞嗐€佽▓绠楀強鈥滅伆闇р€濇垚鍥狅級
锛�3锛塁T 鍦栧儚椤ず鍜岃唱閲忚⿻鍍规柟娉曪紙CT 鍦栧儚閲嶅缓椤ず鐨勪唬琛ㄦ€у湒鍍忚檿鐞嗘妧琛�锛汣T 鍦�
鍍忕壒榛烇紝鑸� X 灏勭窔閫忚褰卞儚鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒�锛汣T 鍦栧儚璩噺鍙冩暩(sh霉)銆佷笁绋⿻鍍瑰弮鏁�(sh霉)鍏紡鍙婅〃寰侊級
锛�4锛塁T 瑁濈疆绲愭锛圕T 瑁濈疆绲勬垚锛汣T 姗熸埧瑕佹眰锛�
3. 鏀惧皠鎬ф牳绱犳垚鍍�
锛�1锛夋斁灏勬€у悓浣嶇礌鍙婂皠绶氭娓墿鐞嗗熀绀庯紙鏀惧皠鎬у悓浣嶇礌姒傚康銆佹€ц唱銆佽“璁婅(gu墨)寰�銆佸湪閱�(y墨)
瀛镐腑鐨勬噳鐢�锛涚矑瀛愭帰娓櫒鍚勯儴鍒嗙祫鎴愩€佸畾缇�銆佸垎椤�銆佺壒鎬х瓑锛涙斁灏勭窔妾㈡脯鍓嶇疆鏀惧ぇ鍣ㄧ殑浣滅敤锛�
锛�2锛夋斁灏勬€у悓浣嶇礌鎺冩弿鑸� 纬 鐓х浉姗燂紙鏀惧皠鎬ф牳绱犳垚鍍忔蹇�锛涙斁灏勬€у悓浣嶇礌鎺冩弿鍘熺悊銆�
绲愭锛浳� 鐓х浉姗熺祼妲�銆佸伐浣滃師鐞嗭紱锛�
锛�3锛塃CT 鎴愬儚锛圗CT 鎴愬儚鍘熺悊鑸囧垎椤�锛汼PECT 鍒嗛銆佸師鐞�銆佺祫鎴�銆佺壒榛烇紱 PET 鍘熺悊锛�
绗﹀悎婀粎娓噺鑸囬琛屾檪闁撳樊浣滅敤銆佹帰娓櫒椤炲瀷銆佹垚鍍忛亷绋�锛汸ET 鎴愬儚鍎�(y艒u)缂洪粸鍙婁富瑕佹噳鐢級
4. 瓒呰伈娉㈡垚鍍�
锛�1锛夎秴鑱叉尝鐗╃悊鎬ц唱锛堣秴鑱叉尝鐢㈢敓鍙婂悇绋墿鐞嗗弮鏁�(sh霉)瀹氱京銆佸叕寮忥紱瓒呰伈娉㈠偝鎾拰琛版笡鐗�
鎬�锛涜秴鑱茶蓟灏勮伈鍫寸壒鎬�锛涜秴鑱插皪鐢熺墿濯掕唱浣滅敤锛�
锛�2锛夐啱(y墨)鐢ㄨ秴鑱叉彌鑳藉櫒锛堣秴鑱茶蓟灏勮伈鍫存寚鍚戞€�銆佽繎鍫磋垏閬犲牬鐗规€�锛涜秴鑱叉彌鑳藉櫒鐨勫闆绘晥
鎳夊師鐞�锛涜秴鑱叉彌鑳藉櫒绲愭锛�
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锛�3锛夎秴鑱茶ê鏂峰剙鍘熺悊锛堣秴鑱叉尝鎴愬儚鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鍙婂劒(y艒u)鍕�锛涜秴鑱茶剤娌栧弽灏勬硶/鑴堟矕鍥炴尝娉曞師鐞嗭紱
鑴堟矕宸ヤ綔闋荤巼锛堟尝闀凤級閬稿彇鑰冩叜鍥犵礌锛岃垏鑴堟矕閲嶅京闋荤巼闁撶殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�锛涜秴鑱茬浉鎺ч櫍鎺冩弿鍘熺悊锛涜秴
鑱叉垚鍍忓熀鏈鍨嬶紱瓒呰伈鎴愬儚鍥炴尝淇¤櫉 e(t)鍏紡鍙� TGC 鍘熺悊锛汚 瓒呫€丅 瓒�銆丮 瓒呭湪椤ず鏂归潰
鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒ワ級
锛�4锛夎秴鑱� Doppler 瑷烘柗鎶€琛擄紙Doppler 鏁堟噳鍘熺悊鍙婂叕寮忥紱瓒呰伈 Doppler 琛€娴侀€熷害娓噺涓�
瑕佹柟娉�锛涢€ｇ簩(x霉)娉� Doppler 閫熷害娓噺鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛涜剤娌栨尝 Doppler 閫熷害娓噺鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鍙婄壒榛烇紱瓒�
鑱� Doppler 娓噺鍙栧緱琛€娴佹柟鍚戜俊鎭�锛涘僵鑹茶娴佹槧灏勪富瑕佹妧琛撴€濊矾锛涢亱鍕曠洰妯欓’绀烘妧琛撳拰鐩镐綅
妾㈡脯鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨锛�
5. 纾佸叡鎸垚鍍�
锛�1锛夋牳纾佸叡鎸従(xi脿n)璞★紙NMR锛夊強鍏剁墿鐞嗗熀绀庯紙鍘熷瓙鏍哥鐭�銆佹牳纾佸瓙銆佽嚜鏃嬮噺瀛愭暩(sh霉)瀹氱京锛�
鏍哥鐭╄垏鑷棆瑙掑嫊閲忛棞绯伙紱鎷夎帿鐖鹃€插嫊姒傚康鑸囬€插嫊闋荤巼鍏紡锛涘姏瀛稿嫊閲忕煩鍘熺悊锛涙牳纾佺煩鐨勮兘
绱氬垎甯冭垏鏍哥鍏辨尟鐝�(xi脿n)璞″師鐞嗭級
锛�2锛夋牳纾佸叡鎸紙NMR锛変俊铏熺敘鐢熻垏妾㈡脯锛堝畯瑙€纾佸寲鍘熺悊锛涘紩鍏ュ皠闋� RF 鍫村師鍥�锛涜嚜鐢�
鎰熸噳琛版笡淇¤櫉 FID 姒傚康锛涢Τ璞檪闁撴娓柟娉曪級
锛�3锛塏MR 鎴愬儚鏂规硶锛堢鍏辨尟鎴愬儚鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�锛汳RI 鍦栬薄閲嶅缓鏂规硶锛�
锛�4锛塎RI 瑁濈疆锛堢楂旂郴绲�(t菕ng)锛汵MR 娉㈣瓬鍎€锛涘湒鍍忛噸寤哄拰椤ず绯荤当(t菕ng)锛�
锛�5锛塎RI 鎳夌敤锛堣嚚搴婅ê鏂锋噳鐢ㄨ寖鍦�锛汳RI 鑸囧叾瀹冩垚鍍忔柟娉曟瘮杓冿級
鍙冭€冩潗鏂欙細
[1] 楂樹笂鍑辫憲, 閱�(y墨)瀛告垚鍍忔妧琛�, 娓呰彲澶у鍑虹増绀�, 2001 骞� 2 鏈�
锛堜簩锛塀 妯″锛氶啱(y墨)鐢ㄥ偝鎰熷熀绀�
1. 閱�(y墨)鐢ㄥ偝鎰熷櫒鍩烘湰姒傚康
锛�1锛夐啱(y墨)鐢ㄥ偝鎰熷櫒鐨勫畾缇�
锛�2锛夐啱(y墨)鐢ㄥ偝鎰熷櫒鐨勫垎椤炶垏绲勬垚
锛�3锛変汉楂斾俊鎭娓殑鐗规畩鎬�
锛�4锛夐啱(y墨)鐢ㄥ偝鎰熷櫒鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曟柟鍚�
2. 閱�(y墨)鐢ㄥ偝鎰熷櫒鐨勫熀鏈壒鎬�
锛�1锛夊偝鎰熷櫒淇℃伅妯″瀷鐨勫缓绔�
锛�2锛夊偝鎰熷櫒鐨勯潨鎱�(t脿i)鐗规€�
锛�3锛夊偝鎰熷櫒鐨勫嫊鎱�(t脿i)鐗规€�
3. 甯哥敤閱�(y墨)鐢ㄥ偝鎰熷櫒宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊
锛�1锛夐浕闃绘噳璁婂紡鍌虫劅鍣�
锛�2锛夐浕瀹瑰紡鍌虫劅鍣紙闆诲寮忓鍔涘偝鎰熷櫒銆佺洿娴佹サ鍖栧瀷闆诲鍌虫劅鍣�銆佹脯閲忛浕璺強鍒嗗竷闆�
瀹规秷闄ゆ柟娉曪級
锛�3锛夎畩纾侀樆寮忓偝鎰熷櫒锛堥浕妗垮偝鎰熷櫒宸嫊璁婂鍣ㄥ紡鍌虫劅鍣�銆佽畩纾侀樆寮忓偝鎰熷櫒鐨勬噳鐢級
锛�4锛夐浕鍕曞紡鍌虫劅鍣紙闄勬湁鍔涘绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯浕鍕曞紡鍌虫劅鍣�銆侀浕纾佽娴侀噺鍌虫劅鍣級
锛�5锛夊闆诲紡鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ拰瓒呰伈鎻涜兘鍣紙鎻涜兘鍣ㄧ殑绲愭鑸囪秴鑱插牬銆佸闆诲紡鍌虫劅鍣ㄣ€侀啱(y墨)鐢ㄥ闆�
瓒呰伈鎻涜兘鍣�銆侀啱(y墨)瀛歌秴鑱插剙鍣級
锛�6锛夌啽鏁忓紡鍌虫劅鍣�(閲戝爆鐔遍浕鍋跺偝鎰熷櫒銆佺啽鏁忛浕闃绘韩搴﹀偝鎰熷櫒銆丳N 绲愪簩妤电鍜岄泦鎴愰浕
璺韩搴﹀偝鎰熷櫒銆佺啽閲嬮浕鍌虫劅鍣�)
锛�7锛夊厜鏁忓紡鍌虫劅鍣紙鍏夐浕鍊嶅绠°€佸厜闆诲皫鍏冧欢銆佸厜鐢熶紡鐗瑰厓浠�銆佸厜鏁忕銆佸悇绋厜鏁忓偝
鎰熷櫒鐨勬€ц兘姣旇純锛�
锛�8锛夐浕鍖栧鑸囩敓鐗╁偝鎰熷櫒娓噺鍩虹锛堝弮姣旈浕妤�銆侀洟瀛愰伕鎿囨€ч浕妤靛強鍏舵噳鐢ㄣ€佹埃鏁忛浕妤�
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鍜屾埃楂旀摯鏁ｉ浕妤碉級
4. 妾㈡脯鐢熺墿闆诲強闆诲埡婵€鐢熺墿楂旂敤闆绘サ
锛�1锛夋サ鍖栫従(xi脿n)璞″強灏嶇敓鐗╅浕妾㈡脯鐨勫奖闊�銆佷笉妤靛寲闆绘サ銆侀浕妤电殑闃绘姉
锛�2锛夐浕妤电殑閬嬪嫊鍋藉樊鍙婂競闆诲共鎿�
锛�3锛夌敓鐗╅浕妾㈡脯椤炲畯闆绘サ鐨勯鍨�
锛�4锛夊井闆绘サ
5. 鐢熺墿鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ強鍦ㄩ啱(y墨)瀛镐腑鐨勬噳鐢�
锛�1锛夌敓鐗╁偝鎰熷櫒鍘熺悊鍙婂吀鍨嬫噳鐢�
锛�2锛夐叾闆绘サ鍘熺悊鍙婂吀鍨嬫噳鐢�
锛�3锛夊井鐢熺墿鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ師鐞嗗強鍏稿瀷鎳夌敤
锛�4锛夊厤鐤偝鎰熷櫒鍘熺悊鍙婂吀鍨嬫噳鐢�
锛�5锛夌窗鑳炲櫒鍙婄祫绻斿偝鎰熷櫒鍏稿瀷鎳夌敤
锛�6锛夊鍔熻兘鍙婂井鍨嬬敓鐗╃墖鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ吀鍨嬫噳鐢�
鍙冭€冩潗鏂欙細
[1] 銆婇啱(y墨)鐢ㄥ偝鎰熷櫒鑸囦汉楂斾俊鎭娓€嬶紝浣滆€咃細鐜嬫槑鏅�锛屽ぉ娲ョ瀛告妧琛撳嚭鐗堢ぞ
锛堜笁锛塁 妯″锛氱敓鐗╅啱(y墨)瀛镐俊铏熻檿鐞嗗熀绀�
1. 鐢熺墿閱�(y墨)瀛镐俊铏熸璜�
锛�1锛夌敓鐗╅啱(y墨)瀛镐俊铏熻檿鐞嗙洰鐨�
锛�2锛夊吀鍨嬬殑鐢熺墿閱�(y墨)瀛镐俊铏熷強鍏剁壒榛�
锛�3锛夌敓鐗╅啱(y墨)瀛镐俊铏熺殑鏁�(sh霉)瀛歌〃閬旓紙淇¤櫉姒傜巼鎻忚堪銆佹暩(sh霉)瀛楃壒寰佷互鍙婁俊铏熷钩绌�(w臎n)鎬ц垏閬嶆鎬э級
锛�4锛夌敓鐗╅啱(y墨)瀛镐俊铏熼€氶亷绶氭€х郴绲�(t菕ng)
2. 鏁�(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏熻檿鐞嗙殑鍩烘湰姒傚康
锛�1锛夐洟鏁ｆ檪闁撲俊铏燂紙鍏稿瀷闆㈡暎淇¤櫉銆侀洟鏁ｄ俊铏熺殑閬嬬畻锛�
锛�2锛夐洟鏁ｆ檪闁撶郴绲�(t菕ng)锛堥洟鏁ｆ檪闁撶郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈蹇点€佽几鍏ヨ几鍑洪棞绯�
锛�3锛塟 璁婃彌(Z 璁婃彌瀹氱京銆乑 璁婃彌鏀舵杺鍩�銆乑 璁婃彌鐨勬€ц唱
锛�4锛夐洟鏁ｆ檪闁撶郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮綁绉诲嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆侀牷鐜囬熆鎳夈€侀浂妤甸粸鍒嗘瀽
3. 鐢熺墿閱�(y墨)瀛镐俊铏熺殑鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈡柟娉�
锛�1锛夊濂庢柉鐗归噰妯ｅ畾寰嬶紙鎺屾彙鐞嗘兂閲囨ǎ銆侀牷璀滄贩鐤�銆侀牷璀滄硠闇�銆佹煹娆勬晥鎳夌瓑姒傚康浠ュ強
鏁�(sh霉)瀛楅牷鐜囥€佹涓€鍖栭牷鐜�銆侀牷璀滃垎杈ㄧ巼鐨勮▓绠楋級
锛�2锛夌窔鎬у嵎绌嶈垏寰挵(hu谩n)鍗风⿳锛堝湒琛ㄦ硶銆佸叕寮忔硶瑷堢畻鍗风⿳锛�
锛�3锛塈IR 鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈠櫒锛堟帉鎻″熀鏈蹇典互鍙婄郸瀹氱壒鎬х殑婵炬尝鍣ㄨō瑷堬級
锛�4锛塅IR 鏁�(sh霉)瀛楁烤娉㈠櫒锛堟帉鎻″熀鏈蹇典互鍙婄郸瀹氱壒鎬х殑婵炬尝鍣ㄨō瑷堬級
锛�5锛夊尮閰嶆烤娉㈠櫒锛堝熀鏈師鐞嗗拰妲嬫垚銆佺缍撳偝灏庨€熷害娓噺鐢ㄤ俊铏熸ā鍨�銆侀潪鐧藉櫔鑱茶儗鏅笅
鐨勫尮閰嶆烤娉㈠櫒銆佷俊铏熸尝褰㈡湭鐭ユ檪鐨勫尮閰嶆烤娉㈠櫒妲嬮€犳柟娉曪級
4. 鐢熺墿閱�(y墨)瀛镐俊铏熺殑鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｆ烤娉㈡柟娉�
锛�1锛変俊铏熷姛鐜囪瓬锛堝畾缇�銆侀潪鍙冩暩(sh霉)浼拌▓浠ュ強鍩轰簬 DFT 鐨勫姛鐜囪瓬瑷堢畻锛�
锛�2锛夌董绱嶆烤娉�(鍘熺悊鍙婂叕寮忔帹鍊�銆佹烤娉㈠櫒鍎�(y艒u)鍖�銆佹檪闁撻洟鏁ｇ殑缍磵婵炬尝鍣ㄨō瑷�)
锛�3锛夊弮鏁�(sh霉)妯″瀷锛堜俊铏熺殑鎴愬舰婵炬尝鍣ㄣ€丄R 妯″瀷闅庢浼拌▓銆丄RMA 妯″瀷鍙冩暩(sh霉)浼拌▓锛�
锛�4锛夎嚜閬╂噳婵炬尝鍙婂叾鎳夌敤锛堣嚜閬╂噳鐨勬蹇靛拰鍘熺悊銆丩MS 鑷仼鎳夋烤娉㈠櫒銆佽嚜閬╂噳娑堝櫔鑱层€�
鑷仼鎳夎瓬绶氬寮峰拰绐勫付淇¤櫉鍒嗛洟銆佽嚜閬╂噳绯荤当(t菕ng)杈ㄨ瓨锛�
鍙冭€冩潗鏂欙細
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[1] 銆婃暩(sh霉)瀛椾俊铏熻檿鐞嗗皫璜栥€�锛屼綔鑰咃細鑳″唬鏇�锛屾竻鑿ぇ瀛稿嚭鐗堢ぞ (2006-07)
[2] 銆婄敓鐗╅啱(y墨)瀛镐俊铏熻檿鐞嗐€�锛屼綔鑰咃細 妤婄鐢� 楂樹笂鍑辩法钁�锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�1998锛�05)
锛堝洓锛塂 妯″锛氬厜瀛歌垏鍏夐浕鍩虹
1. 骞句綍鍏夊鍩烘湰瀹氬緥鑸囨垚鍍忔蹇�
锛�1锛夊咕浣曞厜瀛稿熀鏈畾寰嬶細1锛夊厜鐨勭洿绶氬偝鎾畾寰� 2锛夊厜鐨勭崹绔嬪偝鎾畾寰� 3锛夊弽灏勫畾寰嬪拰
鎶樺皠瀹氬緥锛堝叏鍙嶅皠鍙婂叾鎳夌敤锛� 4锛夎不棣師鐞嗭紙鏈€鐭厜绋嬪師鐞嗭級
锛�2锛夊畬鍠勬垚鍍忔浠剁殑姒傚康鍜岀浉闂滆〃杩�
锛�3锛夊柈鍊嬫姌灏勯潰鐨勬垚鍍忓叕寮忥紝鍖呮嫭鍨傝桓鏀惧ぇ鐜�銆佽桓鍚戞斁澶х巼銆佽鏀惧ぇ鐜� 纬銆佹媺璧笉璁�
閲忕瓑鍏紡銆�
锛�4锛夌悆闈㈠弽灏勯彙鎴愬儚鍏紡
2. 鐞嗘兂鍏夊绯荤当(t菕ng)
锛�1锛夌劇闄愰仩鐨勮桓涓婏紙澶栵級鐗╅粸鐨勫叡杌涘儚榛炲強鍏夌窔銆佺劇闄愰仩鐨勮桓涓婏紙澶栵級鍍忛粸鐨勫皪鎳夌墿
榛炲強鍏夌窔鐨勬€ц唱锛岀墿锛堝儚锛夋柟鐒﹁窛鐨勮▓绠楀叕寮�
锛�2锛夌墿鏂逛富骞抽潰鑸囧儚鏂逛富骞抽潰鐨勬€ц唱锛屽厜瀛哥郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭瘈(ji茅)榛炲強鎬ц唱
锛�3锛夊湒瑙ｆ硶姹傚儚鐨勬柟娉�
锛�4锛夎В鏋愭硶姹傚儚鏂规硶锛堢墰闋撳叕寮�銆侀珮鏂叕寮忥級
锛�5锛夌悊鎯冲厜瀛哥郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬斁澶х巼姒傚康鍙婂叕寮�
3. 鍏夎蓟灏勬帰娓櫒鐨勭悊璜栧熀绀�
锛�1锛夊厜闆荤櫦(f膩)灏勬晥鎳�(澶栧厜闆绘晥鎳�)
锛�2锛夊崐灏庨珨鐨勫厜闆绘晥鎳夛紙鍏у厜闆绘晥鎳夛級
锛�3锛夋帰娓櫒涓殑鍣伈
锛�4锛夋帰娓櫒涓殑涓昏鐗规€у弮鏁�(sh霉)
4. 鍏夐浕鍣ㄤ欢
锛�1锛夊厜闆婚櫚妤�
锛�2锛夊厜闆荤鑸囧厜闆诲€嶅绠＄殑宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊
锛�3锛夊厜闆诲€嶅绠＄殑涓昏鐗规€у弮鏁�(sh霉)
锛�4锛夌祼鍨嬪厜闆诲櫒浠跺師鐞�
锛�5锛夌鍏夐浕浜屾サ绠�
鍙冭€冩潗鏂欙細
[1] 銆婂伐绋嬪厜瀛搞€�锛屼綔鑰咃細閮侀亾閵€銆佽珖鎭掕嫳涓荤法锛�-3 鐗堬紝姗熸宸ユキ(y猫)鍑虹増绀� (2011-06)
[2] 銆婂厜闆绘妧琛撱€�锛屼綔鑰咃細绻嗗榧庛€佸緪鏂囧銆佺墴鍚屽崌绶ㄨ憲锛屾禉姹熷ぇ瀛稿嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�1995锛�03)