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鈪�.鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆佽│鍗锋豢鍒嗗強鑰冭│鏅傞枔
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鐒℃鍙婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅) 50% 鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅) 50%
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3锛庢帉鎻＄█婧舵恫渚濇暩(sh霉)鎬х殑鍩烘湰姒傚康銆佽▓绠楀強鍏跺湪鐢熸椿鍜岀敓鐢�(ch菐n)涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
4锛庢帉鎻¤啝楂旂殑鐗规€у強鑶犲湗(tu谩n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忕殑鏇稿銆�
5锛庢帉鎻℃憾鑶犵殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€ц垏鑱氭矇銆�
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3锛庢帉鎻″寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐔�銆佺啽鍖栧(xu茅)鏂圭▼寮�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫�(j矛n)搴︺€佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎱�(t脿i)銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐢�
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4锛庢帉鎻″寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇╁強琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮忕殑鏇稿銆�
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6锛庢帉鎻℃績搴�銆佸鍔�銆佹韩搴﹀皪鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 绉诲嫊鐨勫奖闊�銆�
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绛夊熀鏈蹇�銆�
3锛庢帉鎻＄珐娌栨憾娑茬殑椤炲瀷銆侀厤鍒�銆佹湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷堢畻锛屼簡瑙ｅ叾鍦ㄨ静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)绉戝(xu茅)鍜岀敓鍛界瀛�(xu茅)
涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
4锛庢帉鎻￠吀鍫挎寚绀哄姂鐨勮畩鑹插師鐞嗭紝涓€鍏冮吀(鍫�)婊村畾閬庣▼涓� pH 鐨勮畩鍖栬(gu墨)寰嬪強甯�
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5锛庢帉鎻′竴鍏冨急閰�(鍫�)鑳藉惁琚簴(zh菙n)纰烘淮瀹氱殑姊濅欢锛屽鍏冨急閰�(鍫�)鑳藉惁琚垎姝ユ簴(zh菙n)
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6锛庢帉鎻￠吀鍫挎淮瀹氱殑鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷堢畻銆�
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鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
娌夋穩婧惰В骞宠 婧跺害绌嶅師鐞嗘矇娣€婊村畾娉�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻℃憾搴︾⿳鑸囨憾瑙ｅ害鐨勬彌绠�銆�
2锛庢帉鎻＄敱婧跺害绌嶅師鐞嗗垽鏂锋矇娣€鐨勭敓鎴愯垏婧惰В銆�
3锛庢帉鎻″垎姝ユ矇娣€鍙婂叾绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屼簡瑙ｆ矇娣€杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栫殑姊濅欢銆�
4锛庝簡瑙ｆ矇娣€婊村畾娉曠殑鍘熺悊銆侀妧閲忔硶[鑾埦(Mohr)娉�銆佷經鐖惧搱寰�(Volhard)娉曘€�
娉曟彋鍙�(Fajans)娉昡婊村畾绲傞粸鐨勭⒑瀹�銆�
鍏�銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屾哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭硶
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng) 闆绘サ闆诲嫝鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢� 鍏冪礌闆诲嫝鍦栧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢� 姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾
娉�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻℃哀鍖栨暩(sh霉)銆佹哀鍖栬垏閭勫師銆佹哀鍖栨厠(t脿i)銆侀倓鍘熸厠(t脿i)銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熼浕灏嶃€佸師闆绘睜銆�
闆绘サ闆诲嫝銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)姘浕妤电瓑鍩烘湰姒傚康銆�
2锛庢帉鎻＄敤闆绘睜绗﹁櫉琛ㄧず鍘熼浕姹犲強鍘熼浕姹犻浕鍕曞嫝鐨勮▓绠椼€�
3锛庢帉鎻¤兘鏂壒鏂圭▼寮忓強婵冨害(鎴栧垎澹�)銆侀吀搴﹀皪闆绘サ闆诲嫝褰遍熆鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)瑷堢畻銆�
4锛庢帉鎻￠浕妤甸浕鍕㈢殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�(鍒ゆ柗姘у寲鍔戞垨閭勫師鍔戠殑鐩稿皪寮峰急锛岀⒑瀹氭哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽
鎳�(y墨ng)閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑鏂瑰悜銆佹搴忓拰绋嬪害)銆�
5锛庢帉鎻℃(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝鑸囨哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
6锛庢帉鎻″厓绱犳(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆诲嫝鍦栧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
7锛庝簡瑙ｆ哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭硶鐨勭壒榛烇紝姘у寲閭勫師鎸囩ず鍔戝垎椤�銆�
8锛庢帉鎻″父鐢ㄧ殑姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾鏂规硶(閲嶉壔閰搁墍娉曘€侀珮閷抽吀閴€娉�銆佺閲忔硶)鍙婃哀
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涔�銆侀厤浣嶅寲鍚堢墿鍜岄厤浣嶆淮瀹氭硶
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
閰嶅悎鐗╃殑鍩烘湰姒傚康 閰嶅悎鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)閸电悊璜� 閰嶄綅骞宠 閰嶄綅婊村畾娉�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻￠厤鍚堢墿瀹氱京銆佺祫鎴愬強鍛藉悕锛屼簡瑙ｅ奖闊块厤浣嶆暩(sh霉)鐨勫洜绱�銆�
2锛庣悊瑙ｉ厤鍚堢墿鐨勫児閸电悊璜栬榛�锛屾帉鎻℃湁闂�(gu膩n)澶栬粚鍨嬮厤鍚堢墿(sp銆乻p2銆乻p3銆乻p3d2)
鍜屽収(n猫i)杌屽瀷閰嶅悎鐗�(d2sp3銆乨sp2)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛鍙婃€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3锛庢帉鎻￠厤浣嶅钩琛¤垏鍏朵粬骞宠 鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紝鎺屾彙褰遍熆閰嶄綅骞宠 绉诲嫊鐨勫洜绱犲強鐩搁棞(gu膩n)
鐨勮▓绠�銆�
4锛庝簡瑙ｈ灟鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸鍙婅灟鍚堟晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
5锛庝簡瑙ｉ厤浣嶆淮瀹氭硶鐨勭壒榛炲強 EDTA 鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
6锛庢帉鎻″柈涓€閲戝爆闆㈠瓙鑳借婧�(zh菙n)纰烘淮瀹氱殑姊濅欢锛岄厤浣嶆淮瀹氭墍鍏佽ū鐨勬渶浣� pH 鍙婃彁
楂橀厤浣嶆淮瀹氶伕鎿囨€х殑鏂规硶銆�
7锛庝簡瑙ｉ噾灞寚绀哄姂鐨勮畩鑹插師鐞�锛屽父鐢ㄦ寚绀哄姂鍙婃寚绀哄姂浣跨敤姊濅欢銆�
8锛庢帉鎻￠厤浣嶆淮瀹氱殑鏂瑰紡鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
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鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
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鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庝簡瑙ｅ垎鍏夊厜搴︽硶鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�銆�
2锛庢帉鎻℃湕浼竴姣旇€冲畾寰嬬殑鍘熺悊銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ強鎽╃埦鍚稿厜绯绘暩(sh霉)锛屼簡瑙ｅ紩璧峰亸闆㈡湕浼�
涓€姣旇€冲畾寰嬬殑鍥犵礌銆�
3锛庝簡瑙ｉ’鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�锛屾帉鎻￠’鑹叉浠剁殑閬告搰銆�
4锛庢帉鎻″垎鍏夊厜搴︽硶鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ拰娓噺姊濅欢鐨勯伕鎿�銆�
鍗佷竴銆侀浕鍕㈠垎鏋愭硶
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
闆诲嫝鍒嗘瀽娉曞熀鏈師鐞嗛洟瀛愰伕鎿囨€ч浕妤�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庝簡瑙ｉ浕鍕㈠垎鏋愭硶鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�銆�
2锛庣悊瑙ｅ弮姣旈浕妤靛拰鎸囩ず闆绘サ鐨勫惈缇�銆�
3锛庝簡瑙ｉ洟瀛愰伕鎿囨€ч浕妤电殑娓畾鏂规硶銆�
鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)
鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛富瑕佸寘鎷細鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍛藉悕銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬�
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鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╄垏鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅) 鍖栧(xu茅)閸佃垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) 鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐗�
鎬�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻℃湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿涓殑鍏卞児閸�锛岀⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勯洔鍖栬粚閬�锛屜� 閸靛拰 蟺 閸碉紝纰冲師瀛�
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2锛庢帉鎻℃湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
3锛庝簡瑙ｆ湁姗熷寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐗瑰緛鍙婂熀鏈鍨�銆�
浜�銆侀＝鍜岃剛鑲兇
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鐑风兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻＄⒊鍘熷瓙鐨� sp3 闆滃寲锛屼集銆佷徊銆佸彅銆佸纰冲師瀛愮殑姒傚康锛岀兎鐑村垎瀛愮殑妲�(g貌u)璞�
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琛嶇敓鐗╃殑妲�(g貌u)璞�銆�
2锛庢帉鎻＄兎鐑村拰鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曞強缈�(x铆)鎱ｅ懡鍚嶆硶銆�
3锛庝簡瑙ｇ兎鐑村拰鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
4锛庢帉鎻＄兎鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)(楣典唬)锛涗簡瑙ｈ嚜鐢卞熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熷埗锛屾帉鎻′笉鍚岄鍨嬬⒊鑷敱
鍩虹祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
5锛庢帉鎻＄挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)(涓夊厓鐠�(hu谩n)銆佸洓鍏冪挵(hu谩n)鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼簲鍏冪挵(hu谩n)銆佸叚鍏冪挵(hu谩n)鐨勫彇
浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng))銆�
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鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鐑兇銆佷簩鐑兇鍜岀倲鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻￠洐閸电⒊鍘熷瓙鐨� sp2 闆滃寲銆佺儻鐑寸殑鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛屼笁閸电⒊鍘熷瓙鐨� sp 闆滃寲锛�
鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
2锛庢帉鎻＄儻鐑寸殑鍛藉悕锛屾(g貌u)鍨嬬殑闋�銆佸弽鍜� Z銆丒 妯�(bi膩o)瑷樻硶锛屾搴忚(gu墨)鍓�锛涙帉鎻＄倲鐑寸殑
鍛藉悕銆�
3锛庝簡瑙ｇ儻鐑村拰鐐旂兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
4锛庢帉鎻＄儻鐑寸殑鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鍔犻沟绱�銆侀沟鍖栨矮銆佹按銆佺～閰�銆佹楣甸吀銆佸偓鍖栨矮鍖�銆�
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鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熷埗(Markovnikov 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�)锛涙帉鎻′笉鍚岀⒊姝ｉ洟瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�
5锛庢帉鎻＄倲鐑� sp 闆滃寲銆佸姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)(鍔犻沟绱�銆侀沟鍖栨矮銆佹按銆丠CN)锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄噾
灞倲鍖栫墿鐨勭敓鎴�銆�
6锛庢帉鎻″叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨� 1锛�2 涓€鍔犳垚鍜� 1锛�4 涓€鍔犳垚(鍔犻沟绱犮€侀沟鍖栨矮)銆侀洐鐑悎
鎴�(Diels鈥擜lder 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))銆�
鍥涖€佽姵棣欑兇
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鑺抽鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庝簡瑙ｈ姵棣欑兇鐨勫垎椤炲拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾帉鎻¤嫰鍜岃悩鍙婅鐢熺墿鐨勫懡鍚�銆�
2锛庢帉鎻¤嫰鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佽姵棣欐€у強 Huckel 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆�
3锛庝簡瑙ｈ姵棣欑兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
4锛庢帉鎻¤嫰鍜岃嫰鐨勮鐢熺墿鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)(楣典唬銆佺鍖栥€佺：鍖�銆佺兎鍩哄寲鍙婄⒊姝�
闆㈠瓙閲嶆帓銆�?锛涱姮?锛屽伌(c猫)閺堢殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽伌(c猫)閺堢殑楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涙帉鎻¤悩鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽
鎳�(y墨ng)(楣典唬銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖�)锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
5锛庝簡瑙ｈ姵鐠�(hu谩n)瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熷埗锛屾帉鎻¤姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬪強闆�
瀛愭晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊�
浜�銆佹棆鍏夌暟妲�(g貌u)
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)鐨勫熀鏈蹇垫(g貌u)鍨嬬殑琛ㄧず鍙婃(bi膩o)瑷樻柟娉�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻″亸鎸厜鑸囨棆鍏夋€с€佹棆鍏夊害鑸囨瘮鏃嬪厜搴�銆佹墜鎬у垎瀛愯垏鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙銆佸皪绋�
鍥犵礌鑸囨棆鍏夋椿鎬с€佸皪鏄犻珨鑸囬潪灏嶆槧楂�銆佸収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂旇垏澶栨秷鏃嬮珨绛夊熀鏈蹇�銆�
2锛庢帉鎻℃棆鍏夌暟妲�(g貌u)楂旀(g貌u)鍨嬬殑 Fischer 鎶曞奖寮忓拰閫忚寮忥紱鎺屾彙妲�(g貌u)鍨嬬殑 R锛廠 鍜� D
锛廘 妯�(bi膩o)瑷樻硶銆�
3锛庝簡瑙ｇ挵(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╁拰涓嶅惈鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勬墜鎬у垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
4锛庝簡瑙ｆ棆鍏夌暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
鍏�銆侀沟浠ｇ兇
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻￠沟浠ｇ兎鐨勭暟妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕銆�
2锛庝簡瑙ｉ沟浠ｇ兎鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3锛庢帉鎻￠沟浠ｇ兎鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)(鑸� H2O锛廚a0H銆丯aCN銆丷ONa銆佹皑鎴栬兒銆丄gNO3
锛忎箼閱囧弽鎳�(y墨ng))銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)(Saytzeff 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�)銆佽垏閲戝爆 Mg 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
4锛庢帉鎻¤Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨� SN1銆丼N2 姗熷埗鍙婄珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鐗瑰緛锛涚悊瑙ｆ秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨�
E1銆丒2 姗熷埗銆�
涓�銆侀唶銆侀厷銆侀啔
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻￠唶銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫垎椤炪€佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�銆�
2锛庝簡瑙ｉ唶銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3锛庢帉鎻￠唶鑸囬噾灞� Na銆丮g銆丆a 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄唶鍦ㄤ綆婧笅鑸囨績寮烽吀浣滅敤锛岄唶鐨勯沟浠�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鑸� HX銆丳X3銆丳X5銆佹隘鍖栦簽鐮溿€丩ucas 瑭﹀姂鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng))锛岄唶鐨勮劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婄⒊姝ｉ洟
瀛愰噸鎺�(鍒嗗瓙鍏�(n猫i)銆佸垎瀛愰枔鑴按)锛岄唶鐨勯叝鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄唶鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
4锛庢帉鎻￠厷鐨勯吀鎬у強鍏跺奖闊垮洜绱�锛岄厷鑺崇挵(hu谩n)涓婄殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(纭濆寲銆佺：鍖�銆侀沟
浠�)锛岄厷鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄厷鑸� FeCl3 鐨勯’鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
5锛庢帉鎻￠啔鍦ㄤ綆婧笅鑸囨績寮烽吀浣滅敤锛岄啔閸电殑鏂疯锛涗簡瑙ｉ啔閬庢哀鍖栫墿鐨勭敓鎴�銆�
妾㈤鍜岃檿鐞�銆�
6锛庣挵(hu谩n)姘т箼鐑风殑闁嬬挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鍔犳按銆佹皑鎴栬兒銆侀唶銆侀沟鍖栨矮銆佹牸姘忚│鍔�)銆�
鍏�銆侀啗銆侀叜銆侀唽
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
閱涖€侀叜銆侀唽鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻￠啗銆侀叜銆侀唽鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕銆�
2锛庝簡瑙ｉ啗銆侀叜銆侀唽鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3锛庢帉鎻￠啗銆侀叜鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)(鑸� HCN銆丯aHS03銆丷MgX銆丷OH锛廐+銆佹皑鐨勮
鐢熺墿銆丠2O 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng))锛宎 涓€姘殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(a 涓€楣典唬銆佺茎閱涚府鍚�)锛岄啗鐨勬哀鍖栧拰姝у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
(Cannizzaro 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))锛岄啗銆侀叜鐨勯倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
4锛庝簡瑙ｉ啗銆侀叜鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗熷埗銆�
涔�銆佺晶閰�銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿銆佸彇浠ｉ吀
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
缇ч吀銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿銆佸彇浠ｉ吀鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻＄晶閰�銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿銆佸彇浠ｉ吀鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�(鍖呮嫭閲嶈缇ч吀鐨勪織
鍚�)銆�
2锛庝簡瑙ｇ晶閰搞€佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿銆佸彇浠ｉ吀鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3锛庢帉鎻′笉鍚岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)缇ч吀鐨勯吀鎬�锛岀晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勭敓鎴愶紝浜屽厓缇ч吀鐨勫彈鐔卞垎瑙ｅ弽
鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀晶閰哥殑閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀晶閰稿剙涓€姘殑楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
4锛庢帉鎻＄晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勬按瑙�銆侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛孋laisen 閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄叝鐨�
閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄叞鑳虹殑閰稿牽鎬�锛岄叞鑳虹殑 Hofmann 闄嶈В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
5锛庢帉鎻″悇绋茎鍩洪吀鐨勮劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛宎 涓€缇ュ熀閰稿強 a 涓€閰吀鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛宎 涓€閰�
閰稿強 尾 涓€閰吀鐨勫垎瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屛� 涓€閰吀閰殑閰紡涓€鐑唶寮忎簰璁婄暟妲�(g貌u)锛屼箼閰颁箼閰镐箼
閰悎鎴愭硶鍜屼笝浜岄吀閰悎鎴愭硶銆�
鍗�銆佽兒
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鑳虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)閲嶆爱楣界殑鍒跺倷鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ翱绱犵殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻¤兒鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕銆�
2锛庝簡瑙ｈ兒鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3锛庢帉鎻′笉鍚岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑳虹殑鍫挎€э紝鐑峰熀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�?锛涱姮顕；?y墨ng)锛岀：?锛涱嚞纾�?y墨ng)(Hinsberg
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))锛岃垏浜炵閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃姵棣欒兒鐨勫埗鍌�(鑺抽纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭勫師)鍙婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽
鎳�(y墨ng)(楣典唬銆佺：鍖�銆佺鍖�)銆�
4锛庢帉鎻￠噸姘菇鐨勫埗鍌欏強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鑸� H2O銆丠3PO2銆丆uX銆丆uCN 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))锛岄噸姘菇鐨�
鍋惰伅(li谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
5锛庢帉鎻″翱绱犵殑鍫挎€�锛屾按瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼簩绺劜鐨勭敓鎴愬強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
鍗佷竴銆侀洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻″憢鍠�銆佸悺鍜�銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍟�銆佸槯鍟躲€佸柟鍟�銆佸惒鍝氥€佸槍鍛ゅ強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨�
鍛藉悕銆�
2锛庢帉鎻″憢鍠�銆佸悺鍜�銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍟剁殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囪姵棣欐€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囪Κ闆诲彇浠�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�
3锛庢帉鎻″悺鍜拰鍚″暥鐨勯吀鍫挎€�锛屽憢鍠�銆佸悺鍜€佸櫥鍚┿€佸悺鍟剁殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(楣�
浠�銆佺：鍖�)锛岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽悺鍟跺伌(c猫)閺堢殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
鍗佷簩銆佺硸椤�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
绯栭鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻℃牳绯栥€�2 涓€鑴哀鏍哥硸銆佽憽钀勭硸銆佺敇闇茬硸銆佸崐涔崇硸銆佹灉绯栫殑閺堢媭绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
(Fischer 鎶曞奖寮�)銆佽畩鏃嬬従(xi脿n)璞″拰鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(Haworth 寮忓拰妲�(g貌u)璞″紡)銆�
2锛庢帉鎻℃牳绯�銆�2 涓€鑴哀鏍哥硸銆佽憽钀勭硸銆佺敇闇茬硸銆佸崐涔崇硸銆佹灉绯栧強鍏剁硸鑻风殑
妲�(g貌u)鍨嬪強鍛藉悕銆�
3锛庢帉鎻″柈绯栫殑鐣版(g貌u)鍖栥€佹哀鍖�銆侀倓鍘熴€佹垚鑴�銆佹垚鑻枫€侀啔鍖栧拰?锛涱姮顕；?y墨ng)銆�
4锛庢帉鎻￠亥鑺界硸銆佺簴缍簩绯栥€佷钩绯�銆佽敆绯栫殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀祫鎴愶紝浜岀硸鐨勭悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)(閭�
鍘熸€у拰闈為倓鍘熸€�)銆傝瓨鍒ヤ簩绯栫殑閫ｆ帴鏂瑰紡銆�
5锛庝簡瑙ｆ穩绮夊拰绾栫董绱犵殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺祫鎴愬強閫ｆ帴鏂瑰紡锛屾穩绮夌殑閼掑垾銆�
鍗佷笁銆佹皑鍩洪吀銆佽偨
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛) 浜岃偨鍜屼笁鑲界殑鍛藉悕
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庝簡瑙ｆ皑鍩洪吀鐨勫垎椤炪€佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�锛屼簡瑙ｆ皑鍩洪吀鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
2锛庢帉鎻� 伪 涓€姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑鍏╂€ф€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀瓑闆婚粸锛屾皑鍩洪吀鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3锛庝簡瑙ｄ簩鑲界殑鐢熸垚鍙婁簩鑲藉拰涓夎偨鐨勫懡鍚�銆�
鍗佸洓銆佽剛椤�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
娌硅剛銆佽牊銆佺７鑴傜殑绲勬垚鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)娌硅剛鍜岄珮绱氳剛鑲吀鐨勫懡鍚� 娌硅剛鐨勭悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻℃补鑴�銆佽牊銆佺７鑴�(鑵︾７鑴�銆佸嵉纾疯剛)鐨勭祫鎴愬拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾补鑴傚拰楂樼礆鑴傝偑
閰哥殑鍛藉悕銆�
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