|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬬爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│澶х侗
绉戠洰浠ｇ⒓锛�835
涓€銆� 鑰冩煡绺界洰妯�(bi膩o)
銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹硅姹傝€冪敓鐞嗚В鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂鍜屾柟娉�锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)鎺屾彙
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)銆佸熀绀�(ch菙)鐞嗚珫鍜屽熀鏈柟娉曪紝骞惰兘閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄧ浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨勭悊璜栧拰鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勭瀛�(xu茅)
鎬濈董鏂规硶鍒嗘瀽銆佽В姹哄(sh铆)闅涘晱(w猫n)椤屻€�
浜屻€佽€冭│褰㈠紡鑸囪│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
锛堜竴锛� 瑭﹀嵎鎴愮妇(j墨)鍙婅€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁�
鏈│鍗锋豢鍒� 150 鍒�锛岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撶偤 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
锛堜簩锛� 绛旈鏂瑰紡
绛旈鏂瑰紡鐐洪枆鍗�銆佺瓎瑭︺€�
锛堜笁锛� 瑭﹀嵎鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)锛�150 鍒�
锛堝洓锛� 瑭﹀嵎椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
閬告搰椤岋細姣忓皬椤� 2 鍒�锛屽叡 40 鍒�
濉┖椤岋細姣忕┖ 2 鍒�锛屽叡 20 鍒�
瀹屾垚鏂圭▼寮忥細姣忓皬椤� 3 鍒�锛屽叡 30 鍒�
绨�(ji菐n)绛旈锛�24 鍒�
鍚堟垚椤岋細姣忓皬椤� 6 鍒嗭紝鍏� 12 鍒�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺ㄦ柗椤岋細鏈鍏� 24 鍒�
涓�銆� 銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬭€冩煡鑼冨湇
锛堜竴锛夎€冩煡鐩(bi膩o)
1銆佹帉鎻¤繎浠ｆ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈悊璜�锛屽叿鍌欏繀瑕佺殑鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鍜屼竴瀹氱殑鍩烘湰鎶€鑳�锛岀悊
瑙ｆ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂鍜屾柟娉曪紝浜嗚В鏈(xu茅)绉戠殑绉戝(xu茅)鏂版垚灏�銆�
2銆佹帉鎻″父瑕�(ji脿n)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲勬垚銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸悎鎴�銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鐩镐簰杞�(zhu菐n)
鍖栬(gu墨)寰嬶紝閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍘熺悊銆佹柟娉曡В姹烘湁闂�(gu膩n)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鍜屽熀鏈晱(w猫n)
椤�銆�
锛堜簩锛夎€冩牳瑕佹眰
绗竴绔� 鐑风兇
1銆佷簡瑙ｇ兎鐑寸殑姘у寲銆佺啽瑁�銆佺暟妲�(g貌u)鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鐢ㄩ€�锛岀悊瑙ｅ師瀛愯粚閬撻洔鍖栫悊璜�锛�
2銆佹帉鎻＄兎鐑寸殑鍛藉悕鍘熷墖锛屜� 閸电殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婄壒鎬э紝妲�(g貌u)璞″紡锛堢磹鏇煎紡鎴栭€忚寮忥級锛�
鐨勫娉曪紝鐑风兇楣靛寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勮嚜鐢卞熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗕互鍙婂悇椤炶嚜鐢卞熀鐨勭浉灏�(du矛)绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�銆�
绗簩绔� 鍠儻鐑�
1銆佷簡瑙ｇ儻鐑寸殑渚�(l谩i)婧愬強鍏堕噸瑕佺敤閫�锛�
2銆佺悊瑙� SP
2
闆滃寲鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屽舰鎴愊€ 閸电殑姊濅欢浠ュ強蟺 閸电殑鐗规€�锛�
3銆佹帉鎻＄儻鐑寸殑鍛藉悕娉�銆佹搴忚(gu墨)鍓囩殑瑕侀粸(di菐n)鍙� Z / E 鍛藉悕娉�锛�
4銆佹帉鎻＄儻鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛岀儻鐑寸殑瑕浕鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆�
绗笁绔� 鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇
1銆佷簡瑙ｇ倲鐑村拰鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑鐨勫埗娉曞強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
2銆佺悊瑙� SP 闆滃寲鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鐩稿皪(du矛)寮�(qi谩ng)寮�锛�
3銆佹帉鎻＄倲鐑村拰鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
绗洓绔� 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�
1銆佷簡瑙ｈ剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍒舵硶锛岀悊瑙ｇ挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у強寮靛姏瀛�(xu茅)瑾�(shu艒)锛�
2銆佹帉鎻¤剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍛藉悕鏂规硶锛屽皬鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛岀挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鍙婁竴鍙栦唬銆佷簩鍙栦唬鐠�(hu谩n)宸辩兎
鐨勬(g貌u)璞°€�
绗簲绔� 灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)
1銆佺悊瑙ｅ皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈蹇�锛�
2銆佹帉鎻� Fischer 鎶曞奖寮忕殑鏇稿鏂规硶锛屾帉鎻℃(g貌u)鍨嬬殑 R銆丼 妯�(bi膩o)瑷樻硶锛屾帉鎻″垽鏂峰垎瀛愭墜
鎬х殑鏂规硶銆�
绗叚绔� 鑺崇兇
1銆佷簡瑙ｈ悩鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
2銆佺悊瑙ｈ嫰鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼紤鍏嬬埦瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛岃Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛�
3銆佹帉鎻¤姵棣欑兇鐨勫懡鍚�锛岃嫰鍙婂叾鍚岀郴鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屽彇浠ｅ熀鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬶紝鑺抽鎬�
鐨勫垽鏂�銆�
绗竷绔� 楣典唬鐑�
1銆佺悊瑙ｉ沟浠ｇ兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽奖闊胯Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屾秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫洜绱�锛�
2銆佹帉鎻￠沟浠ｇ兇鐨勯噸瑕佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛岃Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屾秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙�
鍏跺弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼銆�
绗叓绔� 閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔
1銆佹帉鎻￠唶銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勪富瑕佸埗鍌欐柟娉曞強鐢ㄩ€旓紱
2銆佺悊瑙ｉ唶銆侀厷鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鑸囧寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫樊鐣�锛�
3銆佹帉鎻￠唶銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛圗1 鍜� E2锛�銆�
绗節绔� 閱涘拰閰�
1銆佹帉鎻￠啗鍜岄叜鐨勫埗娉曪紱
2銆佺悊瑙ｇ景鍩虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂叾鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紱
3銆佹帉鎻￠啗鍜岄叜鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岃Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€�銆�
绗崄绔� 缇ч吀
1銆佹帉鎻＄晶閰哥殑鍒跺倷鏂规硶锛岀晶閰哥殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婃憾鍔戠瓑灏�(du矛)閰告€х殑褰遍熆锛�
2銆佺悊瑙ｇ晶閰哥殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屼簩鍏冪晶閰搞€佸彇浠ｉ吀鐨勭壒鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
3銆佹帉鎻＄晶閰哥殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀晶閰哥殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岃獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)灏�(du矛)鍙栦唬缇ч吀閰告€х殑
褰遍熆銆�
绗崄涓€绔� 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗�
1銆佷簡瑙ｆ补鑴�銆佽牊鐨勭祫鎴愬強娌硅剛鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛屽悎鎴愯〃鏄庢椿鎬у姂鐨勯鍨嬪強鍘绘薄鍘熺悊锛�
2銆佺悊瑙ｉ叝鐨勬按瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛�
3銆佹帉鎻￠叞楣�銆侀吀閰愩€侀叝鍜岄叞鑳虹殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婄浉浜掍箣闁撶殑杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栭棞(gu膩n)绯�锛�
4銆佹帉鎻′箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰拰涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鍦ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
绗崄浜岀珷 鍚爱鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗�
1銆佷簡瑙ｅ閵ㄩ菇銆佸閵ㄥ牽鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢紝鍋舵爱鏌撴枡锛�
2銆佺悊瑙ｇ鍩哄皪(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)閯板皪(du矛)浣嶅彇浠ｅ熀鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊�锛屽奖闊胯兒鐨勫牽鎬у挤(qi谩ng)寮辩殑鍥犵礌锛�
3銆佹帉鎻¤姵棣欐棌纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒舵硶鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)锛�
4銆佹帉鎻¤兒鐨勫垎椤炪€佸懡鍚嶅拰鍒舵硶锛岃兒鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婅兒鐨勫牽鎬у挤(qi谩ng)寮辨搴�锛屽崁(q奴)鍒ヤ集銆佷徊銆�
鍙旇兒鐨勬柟娉曞強姘ㄥ熀淇濊(h霉)娉曞湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛岄噸姘菇鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂伓鑱�(li谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍦ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)
鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
5銆佹帉鎻＄墖鍚堕唶閲嶆帓銆佺摝鏍兼秴鐖�-楹ョ埦澶栧洜閲嶆帓銆佽矟鍏嬫浖閲嶆帓鍜岄湇澶浖閲嶆帓绛夊咕绋�
閲嶈鐨勮Κ鏍搁噸鎺掑弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
绗崄涓夌珷 鍛ㄧ挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
1銆佺悊瑙ｅ懆鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栤€斺€斿垎瀛愯粚閬撶悊璜栧拰鍓嶇窔杌岄亾鐞嗚珫锛�
2銆佹帉鎻￠浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佅� 锛嶉嵉閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)姊濅欢鍜屾柟寮忕殑閬告搰锛�
Cope 閲嶆帓鍜� Claisen 閲嶆帓锛岃兘鏍规摎(j霉)鍏烽珨姊濅欢瀹屾垚鎸囧畾鐨勫懆鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
绗崄鍥涚珷 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
1銆佷簡瑙ｇ敓鐗╁牽鐨勬湁闂�(gu膩n)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)锛岃獚(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)鏍搁吀绲勬垚涓殑閲嶈鍫垮熀锛岃憠缍犵礌銆佽绱呯礌绛夊寲
鍚堢墿锛�
2銆佹帉鎻″悇椤炲父瑕�(ji脿n)闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�锛屽憢鍠�銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍜�銆佸悺鍟�銆佸惒鍝�銆�
鍠瑰晧鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
鍥涖€佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎妯ｉ
涓€锛庨伕鎿囬(姣忓皬椤� 2 鍒�)
1銆佷笅鍒楀付闆婚洟瀛愪腑鏈€绌�(w臎n)瀹氱殑鏄紙 锛�
A. B. C. D.(C2H5)3C+
CH3CH2CH2
+
(CH3CH2)2CH+
CH3
+
浜岋紟濉┖椤岋紙姣忕┖ 2 鍒�
1銆�銆佹涓佸熀鑻哀鍖栨垚閰哥殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╂槸锛堢敤绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忚〃绀猴級________________
涓�銆佸畬鎴愪笅鍒楁柟绋嬪紡锛堟瘡灏忛 3 鍒嗭級
1銆�
鍥�銆佺敤绨�(ji菐n)鍠苟鏈夋槑椤従(xi脿n)璞＄殑鍖栧(xu茅)鏂规硶閼掑垾涓嬪垪鍚勭祫鍖栧悎鐗╋紙鏈 6 鍒嗭級
閯扮敳鑻兒锛孨锛嶇敳鍩鸿嫰鑳�锛岃嫰鐢查吀鍜岄劙缇ュ熀鑻敳閰�銆�
浜斻€佸悎鎴愰锛堟瘡灏忛 6 鍒�锛屽叡 12 鍒嗭級
1銆佺敱鐢茶嫰鍜屼笉瓒呴亷(gu貌)鍥涘€�(g猫)纰崇殑鏈夋(j墨)鍘熸枡鍙婄劇(w煤)姗�(j墨)瑭﹀姂鍚堟垚
CH2CN
NO2
(CH3)3C
鍏�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺ㄦ柗椤岋紙鏈鍏� 26 鍒嗭級
1銆佸寲鍚堢墿锛圓锛夋湁涓€鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€� C 鍘熷瓙鑸� Br2/CCl4 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐢熸垚涓夋捍鍖栧悎鐗╋紙B锛夊叿鏈変笁
鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€� C 鍘熷瓙锛岋紙A锛夎垏 C2H5ONa/C2H5OH 鍏辩啽鐢熸垚鍖栧悎鐗╋紙C锛夛紝锛圕锛夌劇(w煤)鎵嬫€� C
鍘熷瓙锛岋紙C锛夎垏涓欑儻閱涳紙CH2锛滳H鈥擟HO锛夊叡鐔辩敓鎴愬垎瀛愬紡鐐� C7H10O 鐨勭挵(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎
鐗╋紙D锛夈€傝│鎺ㄦ脯(c猫)锛圓锛夛綖锛圖锛夌殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄わ紝鍙︼細鏈枃鍍呬唬琛ㄤ綔鑰呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€с€佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
