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鍌欑洰妯�(bi膩o)鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑婧害姊濅欢锛屾槑纰� Arrhenius 鍏紡涓悇闋�(xi脿ng)鐨勭墿鐞嗘剰缇╁苟鎺屾彙娲诲寲鑳界殑
姹傜畻鏂规硶銆傛帉鎻￠張鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屾渻(hu矛)鐢ㄧ┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)杩戜技銆佸钩琛″亣瑷�(sh猫)鍜岄€熸帶姝ョ瓑杩戜技鏂规硶寰�
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11銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)锛堜簩锛�
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鍙婅垏涓婅堪鐞嗚珫鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈蹇�锛屽垎瀛愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)绨′粙锛屽湪婧舵恫涓€�(j矛n)琛岀殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
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浜嗚В鍠垎瀛愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨� RRKM 鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈榛�(di菐n)锛屼簡瑙ｅ紱璞硶閬╃敤鐨勬浠跺強鐢ㄥ紱
璞硶瑷�(j矛)绠楀揩閫熷皪(du矛)宄欏弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)锛屼簡瑙ｅ垎瀛愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曟娉�銆佸父鐢ㄥ(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)
鏂规硶鍜岃┎鐮旂┒鐨勭悊璜栨剰缇┿€備簡瑙ｆ憾娑插弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆佹憾鍔戝皪(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊匡紝鏈�(hu矛)鍒╃敤鍘�
楣芥晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍒ゆ柗闆㈠瓙寮�(qi谩ng)搴﹀皪(du矛)婧舵恫涓湁闆㈠瓙鍙冨姞鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�銆備簡瑙ｅ厜鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨�
鍩烘湰瀹氬緥銆佸厜鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鑸囩啽鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒�锛屼簡瑙ｅ偓鍖栧姂鐨勭壒寰併€佸悇椤炲偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍜岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熷寲瀛�(xu茅)鎸暕鐨勫師鍥犮€�
鎺屾彙绨″柈纰版挒鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈榛�(di菐n)锛岄亷娓℃厠(t脿i)鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈榛�(di菐n)鍜岀啽鍔涘(xu茅)銆佺当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐔卞姏
瀛�(xu茅)鍏╃ó铏曠悊鏂规硶锛屾渻(hu矛)鍒╃敤绨″柈纰版挒鐞嗚珫鍜岄亷娓℃厠(t脿i)鐞嗚珫瑷�(j矛)绠椾竴浜涚啊鍠弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼甯�
鏁�(sh霉)锛屾帉鎻℃椿鍖栬兘銆侀柧鑳藉拰娲诲寲鐒撶瓑鑳介噺涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傛帉鎻″柈鍒嗗瓙鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨�
Linedemann 鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈榛�(di菐n)銆傛帉鎻￠噺瀛愮敘(ch菐n)鐜囩殑瑷�(j矛)绠楀苟鏈�(hu矛)铏曠悊绨″柈鐨勫厜鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍟忛銆傛渻(hu矛)铏曠悊閰跺偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍟忛銆�
12銆佽〃闈㈢墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)
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琛ㄩ潰鍖栧(xu茅)涓殑涓€浜涘熀鏈蹇碉紝濡傛瘮琛ㄩ潰銆佽〃闈㈠嫉鍔�銆佽〃闈� Gibbs 鑷敱鑳�銆佹饯
婵�銆侀嫪灞�銆佸惛闄勭瓑锛岃〃闈㈢啽鍔涘(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈叕寮�锛屽綆鏇茶〃闈笂鐨勯檮鍔犲鍔涘拰钂告苯澹擄紝
婧舵恫鐨勮〃闈㈠惛闄�锛屾恫鈥撴恫鐣岄潰鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛岃啘锛屾恫鈥撳浐鐣岄潰鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紝琛ㄩ潰娲绘€у姂鍙婂叾浣滅敤锛�
鍥洪珨琛ㄩ潰鐨勫惛闄�锛屾埃鈥撳浐鐩歌〃闈㈠偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
鐞嗚В琛ㄩ潰鍖栧(xu茅)涓殑鍩烘湰姒傚康锛屾帉鎻¤〃闈㈠嫉鍔涘拰琛ㄩ潰 Gibbs 鑷敱鑳芥蹇电殑鐣板悓
榛�(di菐n)锛屼簡瑙ｈ〃闈㈠嫉鍔涜垏婧害鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆備簡瑙ｈ〃闈㈡椿鎬х殑姒傚康鍙婂叾鍘熺悊锛岃〃闈㈡椿鎬у姂鐨�
鍒嗛鍙婂叾骞剧ó閲嶈浣滅敤銆備簡瑙ｆ恫鈥撴恫銆佹恫鈥撳浐鐣岄潰鐨勯嫪灞曡垏娼ゆ繒鎯呮硜锛岀悊瑙ｆ埃鈥撳浐
琛ㄩ潰鐨勫惛闄勬湰璩�(zh矛)鍙婂惛闄勭瓑婧窔鐨勪富瑕侀鍨�锛屼簡瑙� Freundlich 绛夋韩寮忓拰鍠閲戞柟绋�
寮忓強鍏堕仼鐢ㄧ殑鍚搁檮椤炲瀷锛屼簡瑙ｅ寲瀛�(xu茅)鍚搁檮鍜岀墿鐞嗗惛闄勭殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�銆�
鎺屾彙琛ㄩ潰鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈叕寮�锛屽苟鑳介€�(j矛n)琛屼竴浜涚啽鍔涘(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)绠椼€傛帉鎻� Young-Laplace
鍏紡锛孠elvin 鍏紡鍜� Gibbs 鍚搁檮绛夋韩寮�锛岃兘灏�(du矛)涓€浜涘父瑕嬬殑琛ㄩ潰鐝�(xi脿n)璞￠€�(j矛n)琛岃В閲嬩互鍙�
閫�(j矛n)琛屼竴浜涚啊鍠▓(j矛)绠椼€傛帉鎻� Langmuir 鍠垎瀛愬惛闄勭悊璜栬榛�(di菐n)骞惰兘閫�(j矛n)琛岀啊鍠▓(j矛)绠�锛屾帉
鎻� BET 澶氬垎瀛愬堡鍚搁檮鐞嗚珫瑕侀粸(di菐n)鍙婂叾涓昏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傛帉鎻℃埃鈥撳浐鐩歌〃闈㈠偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫熀鏈�
姝ラ銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛岃兘瑙ｉ噵绨″柈鐨勮〃闈㈠弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)锛屼互鍙婂埄鐢ㄥ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗐€佸熀鍏冩椹�
娲诲寲鑳藉拰鍚搁檮鐔辩瓑瑷�(j矛)绠楁埃鈥撳浐鐩歌〃闈㈠偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮〃瑙€娲诲寲鑳�銆�
13銆佽啝楂斿垎鏁ｇ郴绲�(t菕ng)鍜屽ぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫
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鑶犻珨鐨勫熀鏈壒鎬�锛屾憾鑶犵殑鍒跺倷鑸囧噲鍖�锛屾憾鑶犵殑鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涙€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸厜瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜岄浕瀛�(xu茅)鎬�
璩�(zh矛)锛岄洐闆诲堡鐞嗚珫鍜� 味 闆诲嫝(sh矛)锛屾憾鑶犵殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰鑱氭矇浣滅敤锛屼钩鐙€娑�锛屽ぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫锛屽嚌
鑶狅紝Donnan 骞宠 鍜岃仛闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫鐨勬徊閫忓锛屾祦璁婂(xu茅)绨′粙锛岀磵绫虫潗鏂欏強绱嶇背绮掑瓙銆�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В鍒嗘暎绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫ぇ姒傚垎椤�锛屼簡瑙ｆ憾鑶犵殑鍒跺倷銆佸噲鍖栨柟娉曞強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆備簡瑙ｆ啂娑�
婧惰啝鐨勮啝鍦�(tu谩n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽叾鍦ㄥ嫊(d貌ng)鍔涙€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸厜瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜岄浕瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)绛夋柟闈㈢殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屼互鍙婂浣�
鍒╃敤鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐗归粸(di菐n)灏�(du矛)鑶犻珨閫�(j矛n)琛岀矑搴﹀ぇ灏�銆佸付闆绘儏娉佺瓑鏂归潰閫�(j矛n)琛岀爺绌�锛屼簡瑙ｉ浕娉�銆侀浕婊�
绛夊(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍦ㄥ伐妤�(y猫)銆佺敓鐗╁(xu茅)銆侀啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)绛夋柟闈㈢殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆備簡瑙ｉ洐闆诲堡鐞嗚珫妯″瀷鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)姒�
蹇�锛屼簡瑙ｆ憾鑶犲湪绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€ф柟闈㈢殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婅啝楂旂┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑 DLVO 鐞嗚珫銆備簡瑙ｄ钩鐙€娑茬殑
绋銆佷钩鍖栧姂鐨勪綔鐢�锛屽嚌鑶犵殑鍒嗛銆佸舰鎴愬拰涓昏鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆備簡瑙ｅぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫鍜屾憾鑶犵殑
鐣板悓榛�(di菐n)锛屽ぇ鍒嗗瓙鐗╄唱(zh矛)骞冲潎鎽╃埦璩�(zh矛)閲忕殑绋鍙婂叾鍒嗗竷鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹氭柟娉�锛屽ぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫榛忓害
鐨勫咕绋〃绀烘硶銆備簡瑙� Donnan 骞宠 锛孨ewton 娴侀珨鍜岄潪 Newton 娴侀珨鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒ュ強甯歌
鐨勬祦楂旈鍨嬨€傜啊鍠簡瑙ｇ磵绫虫潗鏂欑殑鐗规€у強鍒跺倷鏂规硶銆�
鎺屾彙涓侀惛鐖炬晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屾帉鎻� 味 闆诲嫝(sh矛)绛夋蹇典互鍙婇浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)灏�(du矛)婧惰啝绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑褰�
闊匡紝鏈�(hu矛)鍒ゆ柗闆昏В璩�(zh矛)鑱氭矇鑳藉姏鐨勫ぇ灏�銆傛帉鎻″浣曠敤婊查€忓娉曟簴(zh菙n)纰烘脯(c猫)瀹氳仛闆昏В璩�(zh矛)鐨勬暩(sh霉)
鍧囨懇鐖捐唱(zh矛)閲�銆�
涓夈€佸弮鑰冩浉鐩�
[1] 鍌呯嵒(xi脿n)褰�锛屾矆鏂囬湠锛屽澶╂彋(y谩ng)锛屼警鏂囪彲. 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)锛堢浜旂増锛� 涓�銆佷笅鍐�(c猫). 楂樼瓑鏁�
鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2006
[2] 鑳� 鑻� 涓荤法. 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)锛堢鍥涚増锛�. 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�锛�1999
[3] 瀛痉鍧�锛屾矆鏂囬湠锛屽澶╂彋(y谩ng)锛屼警鏂囪彲. 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鎸囧皫(d菐o). 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀撅紝
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[4] 鑼冨磭鏀�锛屾澀鐟�锛岃敚娣腑. 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)姒傚康杈ㄦ瀽路瑙ｉ鏂规硶路鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ(sh铆)渚嬶紙绗� 4 鐗堬級.
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