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鈪�. 鑰冨療鐩(bi膩o)
鈪�. 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鈪�. 鑰冨療鑼冨湇
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒跺倷
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鈪�. 瑭﹂绀轰緥
鈪�. 鍙冭€冩浉鎺ㄨ枽
鈪�. 鑰冨療鐩(bi膩o)
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)瑾茬▼鑰冭│娑佃搵鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗�
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璀�(sh铆)銆佸熀鏈悊璜�銆傛帉鎻℃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽埄鐢ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺ㄦ柗鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗�
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鈪�. 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆� 瑭﹀嵎婊垮垎鍙婅€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁�
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鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�30~40 鍒�
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鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�40~50 鍒�
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瀹屾垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)寮忥細40-50 鍒�
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1 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)
閲嶉粸(di菐n)闆ｉ粸(di菐n)锛氭湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛涘叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电殑灞€у強鏂疯锛涘竷鏈楁柉鐗�
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2 鐑风兇
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛欼UPAC 鍛藉悕娉曞拰妲�(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆佺敳鐑风殑鍥涢潰楂旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼箼鐑风殑鍚勭ó妲�(g貌u)璞�銆傚垎瀛愰枔
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涓殑鑳介噺璁婂寲銆�
3 鐑兇
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱儻鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛� sp2
闆滃寲杌岄亾锛屝� -閸电殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岄爢-鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)锛涘懡鍚嶄富瑕佽◣璜�
Z-E 鍛藉悕锛涘姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛�
鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)銆傝В閲� Markovnikov 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆�
4 鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱倲鐑寸殑鍛藉悕锛岃Κ闆诲姞鎴�銆佽Κ鏍稿姞鎴愩€佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄吀鎬э紱浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍛藉悕锛孼-E
鍛藉悕锛� 1,3-涓佷簩鐑殑鍏辫粵绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢洐鐑悎鎴�锛岀挵(hu谩n)鎴婁簩鐑簽鐢插熀涓婃矮鍘�
瀛愮殑娲绘綉鎬с€�
5 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氬懡鍚嶉噸榛�(di菐n)铻虹挵(hu谩n)鍜屾⿱鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勫懡鍚�锛涚挵(hu谩n)鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛岃寮靛姏锛屼互闆诲瓙浜戞渶澶ч噸鐤婂師
鐞嗚鏄庡皬鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勪笉绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛涜剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑妲�(g貌u)璞★紝鐠�(hu谩n)宸茬兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞�銆佺挵(hu谩n)宸茬兎琛嶇敓鐗╃殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€с€�
6 鑺抽鏃忕兇椤炲寲鍚堢墿
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姝风▼锛屜� -绲�(lu貌)鍚堢墿鍙婂叾绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛岃Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬪強鍏堕浕瀛愭晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮В閲嬨€�
姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閲嶉粸(di菐n)瑷庤珫鍋�(c猫)閺� 蟽 -姘殑姘у寲銆傚鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鍙粙绱硅悩鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂畾浣�
瑕�(gu墨)寰嬨€�
7 绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氬皪(du矛)绋辨€у拰鍒嗗瓙鎵嬫€�銆佹(g貌u)鍨嬬殑琛ㄧず娉�銆佹(g貌u)鍨嬬殑纰哄畾銆丏-L 妯�(bi膩o)瑷樻硶鍜� R-S 妯�(bi膩o)瑷�
娉�銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犻珨鍜岄潪灏�(du矛)鏄犻珨銆佸娑堟棆楂斿拰鍏�(n猫i)娑堟棆楂斻€佽垏绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勪竴浜涘悕瑭炲拰姒�
蹇�銆�
8 楣典唬鐑�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氶沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屽埗娉曘€侀沟浠ｇ兇鍦ㄥ熀鏈湁姗�(j墨)鍘熸枡鑸囨湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╋紙琛嶇敓鐗╋級
涔嬮枔鐨勬⿱姊佷綔鐢�锛屽嵆楣典唬鐑村湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑閲嶈浣滅敤銆係N1 鍜� SN2 鍏╃ó鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛�
鐑峰熀鍜岄沟绱犲皪(du矛) SN 姝风▼鐨勫奖闊�銆備粙绱� E1 鍜� E2 鐨勬绋�锛屽苟瑙ｉ噵 Saytzaff 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛屽弽
鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�
9 閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氶唶鍒舵硶锛氱儻鐑存按鍚堬紙鐩存帴姘村悎娉曞拰闁撴帴姘村悎娉曪級锛岄沟浠ｇ兇姘磋В锛岄啗閰叝鐨�
閭勫師銆傜墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶唶閲戝爆鐨勭敓鎴�銆侀沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫舰鎴愶紙姘�銆佹捍銆佺鐨勫彇浠�
姊濅欢鍜屼集浠插彅閱囧彇浠ｇ殑闆ｆ槗锛屼互鍙� PCl5銆丳Cl3銆丳I3銆丼OCl2 鍙栦唬鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛�锛屽垎瀛愬収(n猫i)
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閰氱殑閮ㄥ垎浠ヨ嫰閰氱偤閲嶉粸(di菐n)銆傚懡鍚嶏紙鑺崇挵(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠ｅ熀鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍏堟搴忥級銆傚垎瀛愬収(n猫i)姘嵉鍜�
鍒嗗瓙闁撴矮閸靛皪(du矛)鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊�銆傚寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶厷缇ュ熀鐨勯吀鎬�锛岃姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠ｅ熀灏�(du矛)閰氱茎
鍩洪吀鎬х殑褰遍熆銆傝姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥沟鍖�銆佺鍖栥€佺：鍖�銆佺兎鍩哄寲鍜岄叞鍩哄寲鍙�
鎳�(y墨ng)锛�銆傜挵(hu谩n)姘т箼鐑风殑鍒舵硶銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸悎鎴愪笂鐨勭敤閫�銆�
10 閱�銆侀叜銆侀唽
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氶啗鍜岄叜鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓富瑕佽◣璜� C=O 谢 -閸�锛屽苟鑸� C=C 姣旇純锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯汇€�
鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堜互鍔� HCN 鐐轰緥锛岀景鍩虹殑瑕牳鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆傝垏閱囧姞鎴愮敓鎴�
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11 缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗�
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12 鍙栦唬缇ч吀
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱茎鍩洪吀锛氱茎鍩洪吀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀茎鍩洪吀鐨勮劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄檷瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾按妤婇吀鍜屼钩閰�銆�
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13 纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╁拰鑳�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚嶏紝纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭勫師銆傝兒鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堝牽鎬�銆佺兎
鍩哄寲銆�?锛涱姮顕栤拻閰�锛涱嚃顣﹀柉瓒割嚞纾�?y墨ng)锛岃姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃兒鍜岃兒楣界殑绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)锛夈€�
14 閲嶆爱鍖栧悎鐗╁拰鍋舵爱鍖栧悎鐗�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氶噸姘菇鐨勫悎鎴�銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�(鏀惧嚭姘殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜屼繚鐣欐爱鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng))锛�
鍋舵爱鍖栧悎鐗╁悎鎴愬拰鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
15 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氶洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚嶏紱闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囪姵棣欐€�锛屽憢鍠�銆佸櫥鍚┿€佸悺
鍜€佸悺鍟剁殑妲�(g貌u)閫犺垏鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
16 纰虫按鍖栧悎鐗�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氬柈绯栵紙钁¤悇绯�銆佹灉绯栵級鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(闁嬮張绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹(g貌u)鍨�銆佺挵(hu谩n)鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽悺鍠冪硸鐨勬(g貌u)
璞�)銆佸柈绯栫殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堣畩鏃嬬従(xi脿n)璞°€佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺硸鑴庣殑鐢熸垚銆佸樊鍚戠暟
妲�(g貌u)鍖栵級銆傞噸瑕侀洐绯栫殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
17 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勬尝璀滃垎鏋�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)闆ｉ粸(di菐n)锛氭尝璀滆垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾尝璀滅殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛岀啊鍠湁姗�(j墨)鐗╃殑
1
H-NMR銆�
13
C-NMR
璀滃湒鍜� IR 璀�銆丮S 鐨勫垎鏋愭妧琛�(sh霉)銆�
18 鍛ㄧ挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
闆荤挵(hu谩n)鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鑸囧叡杌涢珨绯讳腑蟺 闆诲瓙鐨勬暩(sh霉)鐩棞(gu膩n)绯�锛沎 2+ 4]鐠�(hu谩n)鍔犳垚銆� [ 2+ 2]
鐠�(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍜屜� 閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬蹇靛強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
鈪�. 瑭﹂绀轰緥
涓€銆佸鍑轰笅鍒楀寲鍚堢墿鐨勫悕绋憋紙鐢ㄧ郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曪級鎴栫祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮� 锛�10 鍒嗭級
1銆�
H3C
CH3
Cl 2銆�
CH3
C2H5 3銆�
O
CH3 4銆�
CH(CH3)2
CH2CH2CH3
浜�銆佸洖绛斾笅鍒楀晱椤岋紙鍏� 23 鍒嗭級
1銆佸垽鍒ヤ笅闈㈠寲鍚堢墿鏈夌劇鑺抽鎬�锛屽苟绨″柈瑾槑鐞嗙敱 锛堝叡 9 鍒嗭級
1锛� 2锛� 3 4 5 6
涓�銆佸畬鎴愪笅鍒楀弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽彧瀵嚭涓昏鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╋紙50 鍒嗭級
1銆� C6H5CH2COOH + Br2
PCl3,
2銆�
鍥涖€佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)椤岋紙鍏� 22 鍒嗭級
1銆侊紙12 鍒嗭級 鍖栧悎鐗╋紙A锛夊寲瀛�(xu茅)寮忕偤 C7H12锛屽湪 KMnO4-H2O 鍔犵啽鍥炴祦锛屽湪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娑�
涓彧鏈夌挵(hu谩n)宸遍叜锛涳紙A锛夎垏 HCl 浣滅敤寰楋紙B锛�锛岋紙B锛夊湪 C2H5ONa-C2H5OH 婧舵恫涓弽鎳�(y墨ng)
寰楀埌锛圕锛�锛岋紙C锛変娇 Br2 閫€鑹茬敓鎴愶紙D锛夛紝锛圖锛夌敤 C2H5ONa-C2H5OH 铏曠悊锛岀敓鎴愶紙E锛�锛�
锛圗锛夌敤 KMnO4-H2O 铏曠悊鍔犵啽鍥炴祦寰� HOOCCH2CH2COOH 鍜� CH3COCOOH锛涳紙C锛�
鐢� O3 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍚庡啀鐢� H2O銆乑n 铏曠悊寰� CH3CO CH2CH2 CH2CH2CHO銆傝珛(q菒ng)瀵嚭鍖栧悎鐗�
锛圓锛墌锛圗锛夌殑妲�(g貌u)閫犲紡锛屽苟鐢ㄥ弽鎳�(y墨ng)寮忚鏄庢墍鎺ㄦ脯鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏄纰虹殑銆�
浜�銆佹(j墨)鐞嗛锛�10 鍒嗭級
瀵嚭涓嬮潰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�
鍏�銆佸悎鎴愰锛堝叡 35 鍒嗭級
1銆佺敱涔欑儻鐐哄師鏂欏悎鎴� 锛�15 鍒嗭級
鈪�. 鍙冭€冩浉鎺ㄨ枽
鏁欐潗锛氳儭瀹忕磱涓荤法锛屻€婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬮珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ绗簩鐗�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
