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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗堬紝閮ㄥ垎瀛�(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞达紝2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
鍖椾含鏋楁キ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)
銆婄敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)鑸囧垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)銆�鑰冪爺澶х侗
涓€銆� 鑰冪爺澶х侗鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)鑸囧垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)瑾茬▼鏄敓鐗╁(xu茅)灏�(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)閲嶈鐨勫皥(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)鍩虹(ch菙)瑾�锛屾槸鏋楀(xu茅)銆佸湌鏋楁鐗╁(xu茅)銆佺挵(hu谩n)
澧冨(xu茅)绛夊皥(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)鐨勯伕淇锛屽畠鏄牨(b脿o)鑰冪悊绉戞鐗╁(xu茅)銆佺敓鍖栧拰鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)銆侀伜鍌宠偛绋(xu茅)绛夊皥(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)鐮旂┒鐢�
鐨勮€冭│绉戠洰涔嬩竴銆傜偤骞姪鑰冪敓鏄庣⒑鑰冭│寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鑼冨湇鍜屾湁闂�(gu膩n)瑕佹眰锛岀壒鍒跺畾鏈�鑰冪爺澶х侗銆�
鏈�鑰冪爺澶х侗涓昏鏍规摎(j霉)鍖椾含鏋楁キ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鏈鐢熺墿绉戝(xu茅)銆佺敓鐗╂妧琛�(sh霉)灏�(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)鑸囨灄绉戦(l猫i)鍚勫皥(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)銆婄敓鐗�
鍖栧(xu茅)鑸囧垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)瑾茬▼銆嬫暀瀛�(xu茅)鑰冪爺澶х侗绶ㄥ埗鑰屾垚锛岄仼鐢ㄤ簬鍫�(b脿o)鑰冨寳浜灄妤�(y猫)澶у(xu茅)纰╁＋瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇爺绌剁敓鐨勮€�
鐢�銆�
浜�銆� 鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1. 铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍖栧(xu茅)
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚锛�20 绋皑鍩洪吀鐨勭啊(ji菐n)瀵�(xi臎)绗﹁櫉(h脿o)
姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛堜竴绱�(j铆)銆佷簩绱�(j铆)銆侀珮绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬蹇靛強褰㈠紡锛�
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)涓€绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)娓�(c猫)瀹氱殑涓€鑸椹�
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勭悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂垎闆㈢磾鍖栧拰绱斿害閼掑畾鐨勬柟娉�
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勮畩鎬т綔鐢�
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳界殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�
2. 鏍搁吀鍖栧(xu茅)
鏍搁吀鐨勫熀鏈寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚鍙婂垎椤�(l猫i)
鏍歌嫹閰哥殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
DNA 鍜� RNA 涓€绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬蹇靛拰浜岀礆(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑕佺壒榛�(di菐n)锛汥NA 鐨勪笁绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
RNA 鐨勫垎椤�(l猫i)鍙婂悇椤�(l猫i) RNA 鐨勭敓鐗╁(xu茅)鍔熻兘
鏍搁吀鐨勪富瑕佺悊鍖栫壒鎬�
鏍搁吀鐨勭爺绌舵柟娉�
3. 閰跺(xu茅)
閰剁殑浣滅敤鐗归粸(di菐n)
閰剁殑浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鐞�
褰遍熆閰朵績鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫洜绱�
閰剁殑鎻愮磾鑸囨椿鍔涢憭瀹氱殑鍩烘湰鏂规硶
鐔熸倝閰剁殑鍦�(gu贸)闅涘垎椤�(l猫i)鍜屽懡鍚�
浜嗚В鎶楅珨閰�銆佹牳閰跺拰鍥哄畾鍖栭叾鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
4. 缍敓绱犲拰杓旈叾
缍敓绱犵殑鍒嗛(l猫i)鍙婃€ц唱(zh矛)
鍚勭ó缍敓绱犵殑娲绘€у舰寮忋€佺敓鐞嗗姛鑳�
5锛庢柊闄充唬璎濆拰鐢熺墿鑳藉(xu茅)
鏂伴櫝浠ｈ瑵鐨勬蹇�銆侀(l猫i)鍨嬪強鍏剁壒榛�(di菐n)
ATP 鑸囬珮鑳界７閰稿寲鍚堢墿
ATP 鐨勭敓鐗╁(xu茅)鍔熻兘
闆诲瓙鍌抽仦閬�(gu貌)绋嬭垏 ATP 鐨勭敓鎴�
鍛煎惛閺堢殑绲勫垎銆佸懠鍚搁張涓偝閬為珨鐨勬帓鍒楅爢搴�
6. 绯栫殑鍒嗚В浠ｈ瑵鍜屽悎鎴愪唬璎�
绯栫殑浠ｈ瑵閫斿緫锛屽寘鎷墿璩�(zh矛)浠ｈ瑵銆佽兘閲忎唬璎濆拰鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勯叾
绯栫殑鐒�(w煤)姘у垎瑙�銆佹湁姘ф哀鍖栫殑姒傚康銆侀儴浣嶅拰閬�(gu貌)绋�
绯栫暟鐢熶綔鐢ㄧ殑姒傚康銆佸牬(ch菐ng)鎵€銆佸師鏂欏強涓昏閫斿緫
绯栧師鍚堟垚浣滅敤鐨勬蹇�銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝ラ鍙婇檺閫熼叾
绯栭叺瑙�銆佷笝閰吀鐨勬哀鍖栬劔缇у拰涓夌晶閰稿惊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)閬�(gu貌)绋嬪強鍌寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸甸叾
7.鑴傞(l猫i)鐨勪唬璎濊垏鍚堟垚
鑴傝偑鍕�(d貌ng)鍝＄殑姒傚康銆侀檺閫熼叾锛涚敇娌逛唬璎�
-姘у寲閬�(gu貌)绋嬪強鍏惰兘閲忕殑瑷�(j矛)绠�?鑴傝偑閰哥殑
閰珨鐨勭敓鎴愬拰鍒╃敤
8.鏍搁吀鐨勪唬璎�
鍢屽懁銆佸槯鍟舵牳鑻烽吀鐨勫垎瑙ｄ唬璎濊垏鍚堟垚浠ｈ瑵鐨勯€斿緫
澶栨簮鏍搁吀鐨勬秷鍖栧拰鍚告敹
鍫垮熀鐨勫垎瑙�
鏍歌嫹閰哥殑鐢熺墿鍚堟垚
甯歌(ji脿n)杓旈叾鏍歌嫹閰哥殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屼綔鐢�
9. DNA锛孯NA 鍜岄伜鍌冲瘑纰�
DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰�
鍙冭垏 DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑閰堕(l猫i)鑸囪泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍥犲瓙鐨勭ó椤�(l猫i)鍜屼綔鐢�
DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑鍩烘湰閬�(gu貌)绋�
鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鑸囧師鏍哥敓鐗� DNA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑姣旇純
杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫熀鏈蹇碉紱鍙冭垏杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑閰跺強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鍥犲瓙
鍘熸牳鐢熺墿鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)閷勯亷(gu貌)绋�
RNA 杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫悗鍔犲伐鐨勬剰缇�
mRNA銆乼RNA銆� rRNA 鍜岄潪绶ㄧ⒓ RNA 鐨勫悗鍔犲伐
10.铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫悎鎴愬拰杞�(zhu菐n)閬�(y霉n)
mRNA 鍦ㄨ泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚涓殑浣滅敤銆佸師鐞嗗拰瀵嗙⒓瀛愮殑姒傚康銆佺壒榛�(di菐n)
tRNA銆佹牳绯栭珨鍦ㄨ泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚涓殑浣滅敤鍜屽師鐞�
鍙冭垏铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勪富瑕佸垎瀛愮殑绋(l猫i)鍜屽姛鑳�
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋�
缈昏鍚庣殑鍔犲伐閬�(gu貌)绋�
鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鑸囧師鏍哥敓鐗╄泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍚堟垚鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒�
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍚堟垚鐨勬姂鍒跺姂
11.鍘熸牳鐢熺墿鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)瑾�(di脿o)鎺�
鎿嶇副瀛愬(xu茅)瑾�(shu艒)
缈昏姘村钩涓婄殑鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)瑾�(di脿o)鎺�
杞�(zhu菐n)閷勮(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鐨勯(l猫i)鍨�
鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)瀛愯垏杞�(zhu菐n)閷勮捣濮�
鎿嶇副瀛愭ā鍨�
杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫悗瑾�(di脿o)鎺�
缈昏鐨勯樆閬�
12.鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鍩哄洜瑾�(di脿o)鎺у師鐞�
鐪熸牳绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑鍩哄洜绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鍩哄洜瀹舵棌
鐪熸牳鍩哄洜鐨勬柗瑁傜祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鐪熸牳鐢熺墿 DNA 姘村钩鐨勮(di脿o)鎺�
闋嗗紡浣滅敤鍏冧欢鑸囧熀鍥犺(di脿o)鎺�
鏌撹壊璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)灏�(du矛)杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑褰遍熆
鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)瀛愬強鍏跺皪(du矛)杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑褰遍熆
澧炲挤(qi谩ng)瀛愬強鍏跺皪(du矛)杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑褰遍熆
鍙嶅紡浣滅敤鍥犲瓙灏�(du矛)杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑瑾�(di脿o)鎺�
RNA 鐨勫姞宸ユ垚鐔�
缈昏姘村钩鐨勮(di脿o)鎺�
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫姞宸ユ垚鐔�
13.鍩哄洜宸ョ▼
DNA 鍏嬮殕鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�
鍩哄洜鐨勫垎闆�銆佸悎鎴愬拰娓�(c猫)搴�
鍏嬮殕鍩哄洜鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)
鍩哄洜鐨勫姛鑳界爺绌�
RNA 鍜� DNA 鐨勬脯(c猫)搴忔柟娉曞強鍏堕亷(gu貌)绋�
涓�銆佽€冭│鏂规硶鍜岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁�
纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)鑸囧垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)鑰冭│鐐虹瓎瑭�锛岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撶偤 3 灏忔檪(sh铆)銆傝│鍗峰嫏(w霉)蹇呮浉(sh奴)瀵�(xi臎)
娓呮銆佺铏�(h脿o)鍜岃タ鏂囧瓧姣嶉亱(y霉n)鐢ㄥ緱鐣�(d膩ng)銆備笉寰楀湪瑭﹂涓婄瓟鍗枫€�
鍥�銆佷富瑕佸弮鑰冩暀鏉愶紙鍙冭€冩浉(sh奴)鐩級
銆婄敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬶紙2002 骞寸涓夌増锛�锛屼笂銆佷笅鍐�(c猫)鐜嬮彙宸栫瓑绶ㄨ憲锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ
銆婄従(xi脿n)浠ｅ垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)銆嬫湵鐜夎尝銆佹潕姣呯瓑 1997 骞寸増楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬с€佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
