銆€銆€閫ｈ杈ㄦ瀽涔熸槸鑰冪爺鑻辫獮瀹屽瀷涓竴绋瘮杓冮噸瑕佸拰?锛熷珘蹇祡鍨�銆傛垜鍊戜竴鑸鐨勯倧杓棞绯婚鍗虫槸閫ｈ杈ㄦ瀽椤�銆傞€欑ó椤屽瀷棣栧厛瑕佺湅娓呮涓婁笅鍙ョ殑闂滅郴锛岄伕鎿囩浉鎳夐棞绯荤殑閫ｈ銆傚叾娆�锛岃娉ㄦ剰姣忓€嬮€ｈ鐨勫叿楂斿拰鐗规畩鐢ㄦ硶锛屼緥濡傦細鍚屾ǎ閮芥槸寮曞皫鏅傞枔鐙€瑾炵殑閫ｈ锛屼絾鏄痺hen锛宎s锛� before鐨勭敤娉曢兘涓嶄竴妯ｏ紝闇€瑕佸崁(q奴)鍒嗚鐨勭敤娉�锛岃垏鍙ュ瓙鍖归厤銆傚锛�

銆€銆€Now that锛� Although 锛孭rovided 锛孍xcept that

銆€銆€“Now that”(鏃㈢劧)锛岃〃绀哄師鍥�銆�

銆€銆€“Although”(鐩＄锛岄洊鐒�)锛岃〃绀鸿畵姝ユ垨鑰呰綁(zhu菐n)鎶�銆�

銆€銆€“Provided”(鍊樿嫢)锛岃〃绀哄亣瑷€�

銆€銆€“Except that”(闄�……涔嬪)锛岃〃绀烘帓闄�銆�

Hence 锛孊ut锛孍ven 锛孫nly

銆€銆€“hence”(鍥犳)锛岃〃绀哄洜鏋滈棞绯�锛屾湰鍙ヤ笉瀛樺湪鍥犳灉闂滅郴銆�

銆€銆€“but”(浣嗘槸)锛岃〃绀鸿綁(zhu菐n)鎶橈紝姝よ檿涓嶅悎閬�銆�

銆€銆€“even”(鍗充娇锛岀敋鑷�)锛岃〃绀鸿畵姝�锛屽悎閬╂湰椤屻€�

銆€銆€“only”(浣嗘槸锛屽彲鏄�)锛岃〃绀鸿綁(zhu菐n)鎶�锛屼笉鍚堥仼銆�

銆€銆€when 锛宱nce 锛寃hile 锛寃hereas

銆€銆€“when”寮曞皫鐨勮畵姝ョ媭瑾為€氬父琛ㄧず“闆栫劧鍦�……鏅傞枔”銆�

銆€銆€“once”(涓€鏃�)锛岃〃绀虹殑鏄檪闁撴垨姊濅欢銆�

銆€銆€“while”鏃㈠彲浠ヨ〃绀烘檪闁�“鐣�……鏅傚€�”锛屼篃鍙互琛ㄧず璁撴鍜岃綁(zhu菐n)鎶�銆�

銆€銆€“whereas”琛ㄧず“閼掍簬锛岃垏……鍚屾檪”锛岃〃绀轰竴绋浠舵€ф晿杩�銆�“whereas”缍�(j墨ng)甯歌鐢ㄤ締閫茶姣旇純鎬х殑杞�(zhu菐n)鎶�锛屼緥鍙ワ細“They want a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat.”(浠栧€戞兂瑕佷竴搴ф埧瀛�, 鑰屾垜鍊戝鎰夸綇鍦ㄤ竴濂楀叕瀵撻噷銆�)

銆€銆€So 锛孲ince锛孉s 锛孴hus

銆€銆€“So”(鍥犳锛屼簬鏄�)锛岃〃绀哄洜鏋�锛屽師鏂囨矑鏈夐€欏€嬫剰鎬濄€�

銆€銆€“Since”琛ㄧず鍥犳灉锛屽師鏂囨矑鏈夐€欏€嬫剰鎬濄€�

銆€銆€“As”(姝ｅ锛屽鍚�)锛岃〃绀烘壙鎺ャ€�

銆€銆€“Thus”锛岃〃绀哄洜鏋�銆�

銆€銆€鍚嶈杈ㄦ瀽鏄竴绋瘮杓冪啊鍠殑杈ㄦ瀽椤岋紝涓€鑸彧鏈冭€冨療鍠鏈韩寰鐨勫樊鍒�锛岄€欐柟闈㈤渶瑕佸鐢熸敞鎰忔瘡鍊嬪悕瑭炵殑鑻辨枃瑙ｉ噵锛屽洜鐐烘湁鏅傚€�锛岀炕璀垚涓枃鏅�锛屽咕鍊嬭鐨勯兘鏄悓缇╄锛屼絾鏄収(n猫i)鍦ㄥ嵒宸垾寰堝ぇ銆傚锛�

銆€銆€lodging锛� shelter 锛宒welling 锛宧ouse

銆€銆€“lodging”瀵勫铏曪紝鍑虹鐨勬埧闁�銆佷綇鎴�銆�

銆€銆€“shelter”(搴囪鎵€锛屾敹瀹规墍)锛屾寚鐨勬槸鐐�“鐒″鍙鐨勪汉鎻愪緵鏆檪妫叉伅鍫存墍鐨勬妲�”銆�

銆€銆€“dwelling”(灞呬綇鍦�锛屼綇鎵€)銆�

銆€銆€“house”(鎴垮眿浣忓畢)銆�

銆€銆€life 锛宔xistence 锛宻urvival 锛宮aintenance

銆€銆€“life”涓€鑸〃绀�“鐢熷懡銆佺敓娲�”銆�

銆€銆€“existence”寮疯(di脿o)鏄�“鎴戝€戞椿钁楁垨鑰呭瓨鍦ㄧ殑閫欐ǎ涓€鍊嬩簨瀵︽垨鑰呮柟寮�”锛屾瘮濡�“璨х鐨勭敓娲�”(a meager existence)绛夌瓑銆�

銆€銆€“survival”寮疯(di脿o)鐨勬槸“瀛樻椿锛岀辜绾�(x霉)娲讳笅渚�”锛屾垨鑰�“寰炲洶澧冧腑娲婚亷渚嗘垨鎸洪亷渚�”鐨勬剰鎬濄€�

銆€銆€“maintenance”澶у琛ㄧず“鏌愮ó鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鐨勪繚鎸�”锛屾垨鑰�“姗熷櫒鐨勭董璀�”浠ュ強“缍寔鎴栬瑎鐢熺殑蹇呴渶鍝�”銆�

銆€銆€Supervision锛宮anipulation锛宺egulation 锛宑oordination

銆€銆€“supervision”(鐩�(ji膩n)鐫�锛岀鐞�)銆�

銆€銆€“manipulation”(鎿嶇副锛屾搷浣�)銆�

銆€銆€“regulation”(瑕�(gu墨)鍓�, 瑕�(gu墨)绔�, 瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅), 鏍℃簴)銆�

銆€銆€“coordination”(瑾�(di脿o)鍜�锛屽崝(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o))銆傜敱浜庢湰椤岄渶瑕佽〃绀哄嚭涓€鏀瓙瑷堝妰涓悇鍊嬮爡鐩殑“鍗�(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)”