鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞达紝2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
銆€銆€Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hard-working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.
銆€銆€The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
銆€銆€While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity鈥昦re completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee.“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.” Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War鈪� had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”
銆€銆€But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. “ In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.” With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
銆€銆€23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was_____.
銆€銆€[A]under aimless development
銆€銆€[B]a positive example
銆€銆€[C]a rival to the West
銆€銆€[D]on the decline
銆€銆€24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?
銆€銆€[A]Women's participation in social activities is limited.
銆€銆€[B]More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.
銆€銆€[C]Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.
銆€銆€[D]The life-style has been influenced by Western values.
銆€銆€25. Which of the following is true according to the author?
銆€銆€[A]Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder
銆€銆€[B]Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.
銆€銆€[C]More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.
銆€銆€[D]Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.
銆€銆€26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that____.
銆€銆€[A]the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life.
銆€銆€[B]the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.
銆€銆€[C]the Japanese endure more than ever before
銆€銆€[D]the Japanese appreciate their present life
銆€銆€鍚嶅斧瑙f瀽
銆€銆€23. In the Westerners’eyes, the postwar Japan was_____.
銆€銆€鍦ㄨタ鏂逛汉鐪嬩締(l谩i)锛屾埌(zh脿n)鍚庣殑鏃ユ湰鏄痏____銆�
銆€銆€[A]under aimless development 鐩茬洰鐧�(f膩)灞�
銆€銆€[B]a positive example 涓€鍊�(g猫)绌嶆サ鐨勪緥瀛�
銆€銆€[C]a rival to the West 瑗挎柟鐨勭(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)灏�(du矛)鎵�
銆€銆€[D]on the decline 鍦ㄨ“閫€涓�
銆€銆€銆愮瓟妗堛€� B
銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)銆� 浜嬪(sh铆)绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)椤�銆�
銆€銆€銆愬垎鏋愩€� 鏂囩珷绗竴娈电涓€鍙ュ氨鎸囧嚭锛�“鐩茬洰鎬т笉鏄埌(zh脿n)鍚庢棩鏈殑鐗硅壊锛屽畠鐨勭敓鐢�(ch菐n)鐜囧拰绀炬渻(hu矛)鐨勫拰璜х偤缇庡湅(gu贸)鍜屾瓙娲叉墍缇ㄦ厱銆�”涔熷氨鏄(shu艒)鏄竴鍊�(g猫)绌嶆サ鐨勬闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙銆俒A]閬曞弽浜嗙涓€鍙�銆俒C]閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鍜孾D]閬搁爡(xi脿ng)涓嶆槸鏈枃璜�?w霉)鎽拌剳鎺潁銆�
銆€銆€24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?
銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)鏈枃浣滆€呯殑瑙€榛�(di菐n)锛屾棩鏈ぞ鏈�(hu矛)閬撳痉婊戝潯鐨勪富瑕佸師鍥犳槸浠€涔�锛�
銆€銆€[A] Women's participation in social activities is limited.
銆€銆€濠﹀コ鍙冨姞绀炬渻(hu矛)娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鍙楀埌闄愬埗銆�
銆€銆€[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.
銆€銆€瓒婁締(l谩i)瓒婂鐨勫伐浜哄皪(du矛)鑷繁鐨勫伐浣滄劅鍒颁笉婊�銆�
銆€銆€[C] Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.
銆€銆€閬�(gu貌)澶氬湴娉ㄩ噸鍩虹(ch菙)鏁欒偛銆�
銆€銆€[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.
銆€銆€鐢熸椿鏂瑰紡鍙楄タ鏂瑰児(ji脿)鍊艰鐨勫奖闊�銆�
銆€銆€銆愮瓟妗堛€� D
銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)銆� 浜嬪(sh铆)绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)椤屻€�
銆€銆€銆愬垎鏋愩€� 鏂囦腑绗竴娈垫寚鍑烘棩鏈汉姝e湪閫愭几缍�(j墨ng)姝峰偝绲�(t菕ng)宸ヤ綔閬撳痉鍍�(ji脿)鍊艰鐨勬棩鐩婃粦鍧�锛岃(shu艒)“鍗佸勾鍓�锛屽勾杓曚汉宸ヤ綔鍔姏锛屽皣宸ヤ綔鐪嬩綔鏄敓瀛�(being)鐨勯噸瑕�?ji菐ng)鎭�?rdquo;锛屼絾鏄�锛屾棩鏈洰鍓嶅湪寰堝ぇ绋嬪害涓婃豢瓒充簡鍏剁稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑闇€瑕�锛屽勾杓曚汉鍙嶈€屼笉鐭ラ亾涓嬩竴姝ョ殑鐧�(f膩)灞曠洰妯�(bi膩o)浜嗐€傚叿楂旀彁鍒伴亾寰锋粦鍧℃槸鍦ㄧ涓夋锛屾枃涓彁鍒版牎鍦掓毚鍔涳紝鎻愬埌“淇濆畧榛ㄩ牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)浜烘鍦ㄥ姏鍦栭噸鏂伴噸瑕栨埌(zh脿n)鍓嶉偅绋亾寰锋暀鑲�”锛�“Mitsuo Setoyama”鏇存槸鍐掑嚭“椹氫汉涔嬭獮(y菙)”(raise the eyebrows)锛屼粬鍫�(ji膩n)鎸佽獚(r猫n)鐐轰簩鎴�(zh脿n)鍚庣編鍦�(gu贸)鍗犻牁(l菒ng)鐣�(d膩ng)灞€寮曢€�(j矛n)鐨勮嚜鐢辨敼闈╁墛寮变簡“鏃ユ湰浜哄皧鏁埗姣嶇殑閬撳痉瑙€”銆傝€屽湪涓嬫枃锛屼綔鑰呮洿鏄洿鎺ユ彁鍑�锛�“浣嗘槸锛岄€欏彲鑳藉拰鏃ユ湰浜虹殑鐢熸椿鏂瑰紡闂�(gu膩n)绯绘洿澶с€備汉鍊戝凡缍�(j墨ng)鎷嬫浜嗙ぞ鍗€(q奴)鍜屽ぇ瀹跺涵锛岃€屾洿鍔犲枩姝″柈闁€鐛�(d煤)鎴剁殑鍏╀唬浜烘(g貌u)鎴愮殑瀹跺涵锛岃垔鐨勯泦楂斿拰瀹跺涵鍍�(ji脿)鍊艰琚墛寮�”銆傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕�(ji脿n)锛屾湰椤岀殑绛旀灏辨槸[D]閬搁爡(xi脿ng)銆�
銆€銆€25. Which of the following is true according to the author?
銆€銆€鍦ㄤ綔鑰呯湅渚�(l谩i)锛屼互涓嬪摢涓€鍊�(g猫)鏄纰虹殑锛�
銆€銆€[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.
銆€銆€鏃ユ湰鐨勬暀鑲插彈浜虹ū閬擄紝鍥�?y脿n)妯楊彏鍏勵將璋€璐籶浜烘攢鐧荤ぞ鏈�(hu矛)闅庢銆�
銆€銆€[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.
銆€銆€鏃ユ湰鏁欒偛鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)灏辨槸鏃㈡湁姗�(j墨)姊版€х殑瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍙堟湁鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犲姏鐨勫煿椁�(y菐ng)銆�
銆€銆€[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.
銆€銆€鎳�(y墨ng)瑭叉洿鍔犲挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犲姏鐨勫煿椁�(y菐ng)涓娿€�
銆€銆€[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.
銆€銆€杓熷(xu茅)灏�(d菐o)鑷翠簡灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)瑭︾殑鎸姌鎰�銆�
銆€銆€銆愮瓟妗堛€� C
銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)銆� 浣滆€呰榛�(di菐n)椤�銆�
銆€銆€銆愬垎鏋愩€� [A]瑾�(shu艒)娉曟槸閷�(cu貌)瑾ょ殑锛屽洜?y脿n)妲挎闀滄厱閫冾惓鑹块叺閳�?gu贸)浜鸿磰璩炵殑鍘熷洜鏄�“瀹冨挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鏁寸(ch菙)鏁欒偛”銆俒B]瑾�(shu艒)娉曟槸閷�(cu貌)瑾ょ殑锛屽洜?y脿n)妲查椆鍒戝铂?ldquo;瀹冨挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鑰冭│鍜屾(j墨)姊板(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑰屼笉鏄壍(chu脿ng)閫犳€у拰鑷垜琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)”銆俒C]鏄纰虹殑锛屽洜?y脿n)妲查椆鍒戝铂?ldquo;瀹冨挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鑰冭│鍜屾(j墨)姊板(xu茅)缈�(x铆)瓒呴亷(gu貌)鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犳€у拰鑷垜琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)”銆�“閭d簺鍦ㄨ€冨垎涓笉鑳介珨鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勬澅瑗�——鍊�(g猫)鎬�銆佽兘鍔�銆佸媷姘f垨浜烘€�——瀹屽叏琚拷瑕栦簡锛�”鍩�(zh铆)鏀跨殑鑷皯榛ㄦ暀鑲插鍝℃渻(hu矛)涓诲腑“Toshiki Kaifu”瑾�(shu艒)锛�“閫欓浜嬫儏閫犳垚鐨勬尗鎶樿嚧浣垮瀛愯紵瀛�(xu茅)浠ュ強璁婂緱鐙傞噹”锛岄€欒(shu艒)鏄庢棩鏈噳(y墨ng)瑭叉洿鍔犲挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犲姏鐨勫煿椁�(y菐ng)銆俒D]鐨勮(shu艒)娉曟槸閷�(cu貌)瑾ょ殑锛屽洜?y脿n)妲查椆濮揻(shu艒)“閫欓浜嬫儏閫犳垚鐨勬尗鎶樿嚧浣垮瀛愯紵瀛�(xu茅)浠ュ強璁婂緱鐙傞噹”锛岃┎閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鏁呮剰娣锋穯浜嗗師鍥犲拰绲�(ji茅)鏋溿€�
銆€銆€26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that____.
銆€銆€鏃ユ湰浜虹敓娲绘柟寮忕殑璁婂寲楂旂従(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ笅闈㈢殑 涓€鍊�(g猫)浜嬪(sh铆)涓�銆�
銆€銆€[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life
銆€銆€骞磋紩浜哄皪(du矛)鐝�(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)鐢熸椿涓洶鑻︾殑蹇嶅彈鍔涗笅闄�
銆€銆€[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.
銆€銆€鏃ユ湰鐨勯洟濠氱巼瓒呴亷(gu貌)缇庡湅(gu贸)鐨�
銆€銆€[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before
銆€銆€鏃ユ湰浜哄繊鍙楃殑鏉辫タ姣斾互鍓嶆洿澶氫簡
銆€銆€[D] the Japanese appreciate their present life
銆€銆€鏃ユ湰浜烘璩炰粬鍊戠洰鍓嶇殑鐢熸椿
銆€銆€銆愮瓟妗堛€� A
銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)銆� 浜嬪(sh铆)绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)椤�銆�
銆€銆€銆愬垎鏋愩€� 鏂囦腑鎻愬埌鏁欒偛瀹�“Yoko Muro”銆備粬瑾�(shu艒)“鍦ㄦ棩鏈�锛屼綘鍠滄涓嶅枩姝¤嚜宸辩殑宸ヤ綔鍜岀敓娲�锛岄€欏緸渚�(l谩i)閮戒笉鏄晱(w猫n)椤�锛屽晱(w猫n)椤屾槸浣犳湁澶氬ぇ鐨勬壙鍙楀姏”銆傜劧鍚庡湪鏈€鍚庝竴娈甸噷闈㈡彁鍒�“瀹跺涵绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬敼璁�锛岃垔鐨勯泦楂斿拰瀹跺涵鍍�(ji脿)鍊艰鐨勫墛寮�锛屼汉鍊戠殑涓嶆豢鍑哥従(xi脿n)”銆備篃灏辨槸瑾�(shu艒)“鏃ユ湰浜轰互鍓嶉粯榛樺湴蹇嶅彈鐢熸椿鐨勫洶鑻�锛屼絾鏄紝鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ勾杓曠殑鏃ユ湰浜鸿(ju茅)寰楅€欑ó鐘х壊澶ぇ锛屽皪(du矛)姝ょ敘(ch菐n)鐢熶簡閫嗗弽鎯呯窉”銆傚洜姝ゅ彲浠ュ垽瀹�“鏃ユ湰浜虹殑鐢熸椿鏂瑰紡鐨勮畩鍖栭珨鐝�(xi脿n)骞磋紩浜哄皪(du矛)鐝�(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)鐢熸椿涓殑鍥拌嫤蹇嶅彈鍔涗笅闄�”銆俒B]鐨勮(shu艒)娉曟槸閷�(cu貌)瑾ょ殑锛屽洜?y脿n)妤﹂稌?j霉)绗洓娈垫渶鍚庝竴鍙ワ紝“鏃ユ湰浜虹殑闆㈠鐜囦粛鐒朵綆浜庣編鍦�(gu贸)浜虹殑”銆俒C]鍦ㄦ枃涓壘涓嶅埌寰堟摎(j霉)銆俒D]鍙互鏍规摎(j霉)“鏈€杩戜竴娆¤(di脿o)鏌ョ櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍙湁24.5%鐨勬棩鏈(xu茅)鐢熷皪(du矛)瀛�(xu茅)鏍$敓娲诲畬鍏ㄦ豢鎰�锛岀浉姣斾箣涓�锛岀編鍦�(gu贸)瀛�(xu茅)鐢熺殑姣斾緥鏄�62.7%銆傛澶�锛岃垏琚(di脿o)鏌ョ殑鍏朵粬10鍊�(g猫)鍦�(gu贸)瀹剁殑宸ヤ汉鐩告瘮锛屽皪(du矛)鑷韩宸ヤ綔琛ㄧず涓嶆豢鐨勬棩鏈伐浜哄寰楀”閫�(j矛n)琛屾帓闄�銆�
銆€銆€闆e彞瑙f瀽锛�
銆€銆€1. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.
銆€銆€銆愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽銆� 鏈彞鐨勪富瑾�(y菙)鏈夊叐鍊�(g猫)銆備竴鍊�(g猫)鏄�“The coming of age of the postwar baby boom”锛涘彟澶栦竴鍊�(g猫)鏄�“an entry of women into the male-dominated job market”銆傝瑐瑾�(y菙)鏄�“have limited”銆傝硴瑾�(y菙)鏄�“the opportunities of teen-agers”銆�“who” 寮曞皫(d菐o)涓€鍊�(g猫)瀹氳獮(y菙)寰炲彞淇>璩撹獮(y菙)銆�“involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs”鏄�“personal sacrifices”鐨勫悗缃畾瑾�(y菙)銆�
銆€銆€2. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”
銆€銆€銆愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽銆� 鏈彞涓诲彞绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏄�“Mitsuo Setoyama raised eyebrows”銆傛彃鍏ヨ獮(y菙)“who was then education minister”鏄富瑾�(y菙)鐨勫畾瑾�(y菙)锛�“when” 寮曞皫(d菐o)涓€鍊�(g猫)鏅�(sh铆)闁撶媭瑾�(y菙)寰炲彞锛�“that”寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫緸鍙ュ仛“argued”鐨勮硴瑾�(y菙)锛岃┎璩撹獮(y菙)寰炲彞涓富瑾�(y菙)鏄�“liberal reforms”锛岃瑐瑾�(y菙)鏄�“had weakened”锛岃硴瑾�(y菙)鏄�“the‘Japanese morality of respect for parents’”锛�“introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II”鏄�“liberal reforms”鐨勫畾瑾�(y菙)銆�
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