銆€銆€鑰冪爺鑻辫獮闁辫畝鏂囩珷涓€鑸湪400锝�500瀛楀乏鍙�锛屽姝ょ煭鐨勬枃绔犱腑澶鹃洔钁楃敓鍍荤殑鍠鍜岀枒闆ｅ彞锛屽緸鑰屼娇寰楅柋璁€宸ヤ綔璁婂緱鐣板父鍥伴洠銆傞偅涔堝湪閫欏叾涓�锛屾垜鍊戞噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鎬庝箞鍋氬憿锛� 鍦ㄦ寤鸿澶у浣跨敤濡備笅鐨勬柟娉曪細

銆€銆€1銆佹巸璁€鏂囩珷锛屼簡瑙ｅ熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€佷綔鑰呯珛鍫村拰鏂囩珷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆備竴鑸€岃█锛屾垜鍊戞墍瑕侀柋璁€鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹归泦涓湪鏂囩珷棣栨銆佸悇娈甸灏惧彞鍜岃綁(zhu菐n)鎶樺彞铏曘€�

銆€銆€2銆佷粩绱�(x矛)璁€椤岀洰锛屽妰鍑�“妯�(bi膩o)妗胯”——鏈€鐛�(d煤)鐗圭殑瑭炵祫銆佹暩(sh霉)瀛楁垨绗﹁櫉锛堝鐢熻銆佹嫾瀵純闀锋垨寰堢煭鐨勮銆佸ぇ瀵殑瑭�銆佹枩楂旇銆佺櫨鍒嗘瘮銆佸勾浠ｆ垨鏃ユ湡銆佽波骞ｄ唬铏熺瓑锛�銆�

銆€銆€3銆佹巸瑕栧叏鏂�锛屼竴鏃︽壘鍒板拰椤岀洰鐩稿皪鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勪俊鎭�锛岀珛棣斁鎱㈤€熷害锛岀洿鍒版墍璁€鎰忕兢琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鎰忔€濊垏椤岀洰鐒￠棞(gu膩n)鐐烘銆�

銆€銆€4銆佸皪姣旈伕闋�(xi脿ng)锛岄伕鍑烘渶閬╁悎鐨勭瓟妗�銆�

銆€銆€5銆佸湪瀹氫綅鐨勫悓鏅�(sh铆)锛岃绲�(ji茅)鍚堣嚜鐒舵瀹氫綅鐨勫師鍓囪紨鍔╁畾浣嶃€�

銆€銆€涓嬮潰鎴戝€戠祼(ji茅)鍚�鐪熼渚嗛€�(j矛n)琛屼竴涓嬪叿楂旇瑳瑙�銆�

銆€銆€鐪熼瑙ｆ瀽锛�2000骞� Text1锛�

銆€銆€A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap锛� but锛� if properly handled锛� it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War锛� it had a market eight times larger than any competitor锛� giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world‘s best锛� its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

銆€銆€It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably锛� the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries锛� such as consumer electronics锛� had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left锛� Zenith. 锛圢ow there is none锛� Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.锛� Foreign made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America‘s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors锛� which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age锛� was going to be the next casualty.

銆€銆€All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing锛� and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.

銆€銆€How things have changed锛� In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure锛� has gone on a diet锛� has learnt to be more quick witted锛�” according to Richard Cavanagh锛� executive dean of Harvard‘s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity锛�” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute锛� a think tank in Washington锛� DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”

銆€銆€51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.

銆€銆€锛籄锛� it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

銆€?銆傝窓锛� its domestic market was eight times larger than before

銆€?銆傝窚锛� the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors

銆€?銆傝窢锛� the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

銆€銆€52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.

銆€?銆傝窐锛� TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

銆€?銆傝窓锛� semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

銆€?銆傝窚锛� machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

銆€?銆傝窢锛� auto industry had lost part of its domestic market