鐮旂┒鐢�(璜栧) 鍏ュ(xu茅)鑻辫獮(璜栧)鑰冭│鐢变笁閮ㄥ垎绲勬垚锛屽叾涓浜岄儴鍒嗭細鏂伴鍨嬫槸寤ｅぇ鑰冪敓鍦ㄤ互鍓嶇殑鍚勭ó鑻辫獮鑰冭│涓緢灏戦亣鍒�锛屽緸鎳�(y墨ng)瑭︽妧宸у拰瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏂规硶涓婁締瑾兘鏄€冪敓鐨勮杽寮变箣铏�銆傚湪鍩虹(ch菙)寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)闅庢濡備綍寰炲急铏曠獊鐮�锛屾敾鍏嬫柊椤屽瀷锛屾嬁涓嬮柋璁€锛岀偤鎵撲笅鑻辫獮鑰冭│鐨勫ぉ涓嬪仛婧�(zh菙n)鍌欏憿锛熻惉瀛�(xu茅)娴锋枃鑻辫獮鑰冪爺(璜栧) 杓斿皫(d菐o)灏堝寤鸿澶у寰炰互涓嬪咕鍊嬫柟闈締鍔犲挤鏂伴鍨嬬殑寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)銆�

椤屽瀷

鏂伴鍨嬫湁涓夌ó鍌欓伕椤屽瀷锛�7閬�5 椤屽瀷鍜�5閬�5鎺掑簭椤屼互鍙�6閬�5娈佃惤妯�(bi膩o)椤岄伕鎿囬銆傚緸鏁欒偛閮ㄨ€冭│涓績绲�(t菕ng)瑷�鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)渚嗙湅锛�7閬�5閮ㄥ垎鍏╁勾鐨勯洠搴﹀垎鍒ョ偤0.416鍜�0.452銆�

7閬�5 椤屽瀷瀵﹂殯鏄竴绋壒娈婄殑瀹屽瀷濉┖椤�锛屾妸涓€绡�500瑭炲乏鍙虫枃绔犵殑浜斿€嬪湴鏂规寲绌�锛岃姹傝€冪敓鏍规摎(j霉)鏂囩珷鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰緸绲﹀嚭鍑虹殑6-7娈垫枃瀛椾腑閬告搰鑳藉垎鍒ユ斁閫�(j矛n)鏂囩珷涓�5鍊嬬┖鐧借檿鐨�5娈�銆傞€欓椤屾枃绔犻柋璁€闆ｅ害澶�锛屼竴鍊嬬┖濉尟鍕㈠繀鏈冨奖闊垮埌灏嶅彟澶栦竴鍊嬬┖鐨勯伕鎿�銆�

5閬�5鎺掑簭椤屾槸灏囦竴鐗�500瑭炲乏鍙崇殑鏂囩珷鍘熸湁闋嗗簭鎵撲簜锛岃姹傝€冪敓鏍规摎(j霉)鏂囩珷鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)灏囨墍鍒楁钀斤紙7-8鍊嬶級閲嶆柊鎺掑簭銆傚叾涓湁2-3鍊嬫钀藉湪鏂囩珷涓殑浣嶇疆宸茬稉(j墨ng)绲﹀嚭銆傛帓搴忛鐨勯柋璁€閲忔瘮闁辫畝鐞嗚ВA绡€(ji茅)涓殑鏂囩珷闀蜂竴浜�锛屽苟涓斿悇娈佃惤娌掓湁鎸夐爢搴忔帓鍒�锛岀郸闁辫畝閫犳垚浜嗗緢澶х殑闅滅

6閬�5娈佃惤妯�(bi膩o)椤岄伕鎿囬鏄湪涓€绡囬暦搴︾偤500瑭炵殑鏂囩珷涓湁6-7娈垫枃瀛楁垨6-7鍊嬫鎷彞鎴栧皬妯�(bi膩o)椤�锛岄€欎簺鏂囧瓧鎴栨(bi膩o)椤屽垎鍒ユ槸灏嶆枃绔犱腑鏌愪竴閮ㄥ垎鐨勬鎷€侀棥杩版垨鑸変緥銆傝姹傝€冪敓鏍规摎(j霉)鏂囩珷鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛屽緸閫�6-7鍊嬮伕闋呬腑閬稿嚭鏈€鎭扮暥(d膩ng)?sh霉)?娈垫枃瀛楁垨5鍊嬫(bi膩o)椤屽～鍏ユ枃绔犵殑绌虹櫧铏�銆傞€欎竴椤屽瀷涓昏鑰冩煡鑰冪敓鍗€(q奴)鍒嗚珫榛�銆佽珫鎿�(j霉)锛屾妸鎻¤珫榛炶珫鎿�(j霉)涓€鑷存€х殑鑳藉姏銆傝姹傝€冪敓鏍规摎(j霉)鏂囩珷鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛屽緸澶氬€嬮伕闋呬腑鎵惧嚭鏈€鑳芥敮鎸佺浉鎳�(y墨ng)璜栭粸鐨勮珫鎿�(j霉)锛屾垨鑰呰姹傝€冪敓鏍规摎(j霉)鏂囩珷鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�锛屾壘鍑烘渶鑳芥鎷枃绔犲収(n猫i)瀹圭殑璜栭粸銆�

鏂规硶

闆栫劧鍏烽珨鑰冩硶涓嶄竴妯ｄ絾绺界殑渚嗚閫欎笁绋鍨嬮兘鏄€冩煡鑰冪敓灏嶉€ｈ搏鎬�銆佷竴鑷存€х瓑瑾炴鐗瑰緛浠ュ強鏂囩珷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勭悊瑙ｏ紝瑕佹眰鑰冪敓寰炴暣楂斾笂鑰屼笉鏄窗(x矛)绡€(ji茅)涓婃妸鎻℃枃绔犵殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆傞€欏氨瑕佹眰鎴戝€戝湪骞虫檪寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鏅傛湁鎰忚瓨鐨勮〒(x霉n)绶磋嚜宸�銆傚湪鍩虹(ch菙)寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)闅庢鎴戝€戞噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鍦ㄨ嫳瑾為柋璁€閬庣▼涓敞鎰忎互鍩归(y菐ng)浠ヤ笅鑳藉姏銆�

绗竴锛屽(xu茅)鏈冨垎鏋愭枃绔犵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮兘鍔�锛屽寘鎷枃绔犲畯瑙€涓婄殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃獮绡囦笂鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆備竴鑸締瑾€冪爺鑻辫獮闁辫畝鏂囩珷甯歌绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏈変互涓嬪咕涓�銆�

绗簩锛�

A.鍘熷洜鍨嬶細姝ら鏂囩珷涓€鑸厛鎻愬嚭鏌愮ó鐝�(xi脿n)璞℃垨绲�(ji茅)鏋滅劧鍚庡垎鏋愬叾鎴愬洜锛屽寘鎷富瑙€鐨�銆佸瑙€鐨�銆佺洿鎺ョ殑銆侀枔鎺ョ殑绛�銆傞偅涔堟枃绔犵殑棣栨鎳�(y墨ng)瑭叉槸鎻愬嚭鍟忛锛屾帴涓嬩締灏辨槸鍏烽珨鐨勫師鍥�锛涘師鍥犱篃鏈夌浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬搴�

B.閲嬬京鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)姝ら鏂囩珷涓€鑸В閲嬫煇涓€浜嬬墿銆佺従(xi脿n)璞°€佺瀛�(xu茅)鐞嗚珫绛�锛岄€氬父鐢ㄨ垑渚嬪瓙銆佹墦姣旀柟绛夋柟娉曚締閫�(j矛n)琛岄棥杩拌珫璀夈€傞€欑ó鏂囩珷棣栨涓€鑸槸鎿烘槑鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛岀劧鍚庨€�(j矛n)琛岃В閲嬪拰闂¤堪銆�

C.绲�(ji茅)璜栬鏄庡瀷锛氭椤炴枃绔�锛屼竴鑸噰鐢ㄦ瘮杓冩€х祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾妸浜烘垨浜嬬墿鐨勫姛鑳�銆佺壒榛炵瓑閫�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓冨緸鑰屽紩鍑轰竴鍊嬬祼(ji茅)璜�銆傞€欑ó鏂囩珷灏嶆瘮鎬ф瘮杓冨挤锛岄偅涔堣偗瀹氭槸涓€鏂归潰涓€鏂归潰鍦伴€�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓�锛岃€冪敓瑕佸垎娓呴€欑ó涓嶅悓閫�(j矛n)琛屾帓搴忋€�

D.鏂拌€佽榛炲瀷锛氭椤炴枃绔�锛屼竴鑸噰鐢ㄩ鏂ユ€х祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岄€氬父閫欐ǎ鐨勬枃绔犳渻鍏堥棥杩拌鏄庝竴鍊嬭榛�锛岀劧鍚庡皪閫欏€嬭榛為€�(j矛n)琛岄鏂�锛屽啀閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ュ垎鏋愰€欏€嬭榛炵殑姝ｈ矤(f霉)闈紝鏈€鍚庨棥鏄庤嚜宸辩殑瑙€榛�銆傝€冪敓灏辫鏍规摎(j霉)閫欑ó鍏堝悗闂�(gu膩n)绯婚€�(j矛n)琛屾帹鏂�銆佹帓搴�銆�

绗簩锛氱悊闋嗘枃绔犻倧杓棞(gu膩n)绯荤殑鑳藉姏銆�

甯歌鏂囩珷閭忚集闂�(gu膩n)绯讳富瑕佹湁锛氬苟鍒楅仦閫�(j矛n)闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆佽綁(zhu菐n)鎶橀棞(gu膩n)绯�銆佸洜鏋滈棞(gu膩n)绯�銆佽В閲嬮棞(gu膩n)绯�銆佷緥璀夐棞(gu膩n)绯�銆佸畾缇╅棞(gu膩n)绯荤瓑锛�

A.骞跺垪閬為€�(j矛n)闂�(gu膩n)绯伙細妯�(bi膩o)蹇楄鍖湁 and, indeed, also, besides, similarly, like, accordingly, in the same way, meanwhile, furthermore, moreover绛夛紱

B.杞�(zhu菐n)鎶橀棞(gu膩n)绯伙細妯�(bi膩o)蹇楄鍖湁 but, yet, although, however, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead绛�锛�

C.鍥犳灉闂�(gu膩n)绯伙細妯�(bi膩o)蹇楄鍖湁 for, because, since, therefore绛夛紱

D.瑙ｉ噵闂�(gu膩n)绯伙細妯�(bi膩o)蹇楄鍖湁 that is, that is to say, for example, such as, namely, in other words绛�锛�

鐔熸倝浜嗚〃绀轰笉鍚岄倧杓棞(gu膩n)绯荤殑瑭炶獮鐞嗛爢鏂囩珷閭忚集闂�(gu膩n)绯诲悗锛岃€冪敓鍋氭柊椤屽瀷灏卞鏄撳浜�銆�

绗笁锛氭妸鎻℃枃绔犵窔绱㈢殑鑳藉姏銆傛枃绔犵窔绱㈠彲浠ラ€氶亷娉ㄦ剰鏂囩珷鐨勪互涓嬭鍖締鎶婃彙銆�

1.閲嶅京(f霉)鐨勮鍖細鍖呮嫭绨″柈鐨勯噸寰�(f霉)鍗冲師瑭為噸寰�(f霉)鍜岄珮闆呯殑閲嶅京(f霉)锛坋legant repetition锛夊嵆浣跨敤鍚岀京瑭炴垨鑰呬笂涓嬬京瑭烇紙鑼冪枃鐨勬摯澶ф垨鑰呯府?銆傗攽?/p>

2. 鍏辩従(xi脿n)瑭炲尟锛氾紙co-occurrence锛夛細灞簬鍚屼竴瑭炲尟鎼厤鑼冪枃鎴栬€呮煇涓€闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑瑭炲尟銆備竴鑸締瑾�锛岃鍖墍杩扮殑鑼冪枃瓒婂皬锛岄姕鎺ラ棞(gu膩n)绯昏秺绶婂瘑銆�

3.浠ｈ锛氫富瑕佽€冨療鎸囦唬闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紝绶氱储瑭炲寘鎷汉绋变唬瑭�锛岀壒鍒ユ槸绗笁浜虹ū浠ｈ锛坕t锛宨ts锛宧e锛宧is锛宧im锛宻he锛宧er锛宼hey锛宼heir锛岄渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄�锛宨t鏈韩鍙互鎸囦唬澶╂埃銆佹檪闁撳苟涓斿彲浠ュ仛褰㈠紡涓昏獮锛屾鏅傦紝涓嶄綔鐐鸿鍖窔绱級銆佹寚绀轰唬瑭烇紙this锛宼hat锛宼hese锛宼hose锛屾敞鎰弔his鍜宼hat閮藉彲浠ユ寚浠ｄ竴鍊嬪彞瀛愶級浠ュ強both銆乤ll銆乪ach銆乪ither銆乶either绛夎鍖�銆�

4.灏堢敤鍚嶈鎴栬€呴洠瑭烇細鍖呮嫭浜哄悕銆佹妲�(g貌u)鍚嶇ū绛夌殑灏堢敤鍚嶈浠ュ強涓€浜涘叿鏈変竴瀹氬皥妤�(y猫)鎬ф垨鑰呭緢缃曡鐨勯噸瑕佸悕瑭炲湪鏂囩珷涓涓€娆″嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鏅�锛屽線寰€鏈冩湁涓€浜涜В閲嬫€т俊鎭�锛屼汉鍚嶄竴鑸渻鐢ㄥ叏鍚�锛屽悕瑭炵涓€娆″嚭鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽墠闈竴鑸敤涓嶅畾鍐犺a鎴栬€卆n锛岄€欏氨鐐哄仛椤屾彁渚涗簡閲嶈鐨勪綅缃俊鎭拰绶氱储銆�

5.姣旇純椤炶鍖細濡俿ame锛宨dentical锛宎s锛宔qual锛宻uch锛宻imilar锛宒ifferent锛宱ther锛宱therwise锛宔lse绛夌瓑銆�2006骞磋€冪爺鑻辫獮绗�42椤岋紝閬搁爡涓殑such evidence.

6.鏁�(sh霉)瀛楄鍖細鍖呮嫭鍏烽珨鏁�(sh霉)瀛椾互鍙婂拰鏁�(sh霉)瀛楃浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨勮鍖濡俽atio锛宺ate绛夌瓑銆傚垪鍑烘暩(sh霉)瀛�锛岄櫎浜嗗拰鍏跺畠鏁�(sh霉)瀛楅€�(j矛n)琛屽皪姣斿拰姣旇純涔嬪锛岄倓鍙互鐢ㄦ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)渚嗚鏄庝竴鍊嬭榛�銆�

鑻辫獮瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)灏卞儚闀疯窇锛岄噸鍦ㄥ爡鎸�锛屽笇鏈涘ぇ瀹跺湪浠ュ悗鐨勫(xu茅)缈�(x铆)涓兘鎸佷箣浠ユ亽銆傛渶鍚庨€佺郸澶у鍙ヨ┍锛�

Whether you are a lion or a gazelle, You must sprint for survival.

鐒¤珫鏄崊瀛愰倓鏄練缇�锛岄兘蹇呴爤鐐虹敓瀛樿€屽璺戙€�