TEXT NINETEEN

When there is blood in the water, it is only natural that dorsal fins swirl around excitedly. Now that America's housing market is ailing, predators have their sights on the country's credit-card market. Analysts at Goldman Sachs reckon that credit-card losses could reach $99 billion if contagion spreads from subprime mortgages to other forms of consumer credit. Signs of strain are clearly visible. There are rises in both the charge-off and delinquency rates, which measure the share of balances that are uncollectable or more than 30 days late respectively. HSBC announced last month that it had taken a $1.4 billion charge in its American consumer-finance business, partly because of weakness among card borrowers.

It is too early to panic, though. Charge-offs and delinquencies are still low. According to Moody's, a rating agency, the third-quarter delinquency rate of 3.89% was almost a full percentage point below the historical average. The deterioration in rates can be partly explained by technical factors. A change in America's personal-bankruptcy laws in 2005 led to an abrupt fall in bankruptcy filings, which in turn account for a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether or not overall conditions for borrowers were getting worse.

The industry also reports solid payment rates, which show how much of their debt consumers pay off each month. And confidence in credit-card asset-backed securities is pretty firm despite paralysis in other corners of structured finance. Dennis Moroney of TowerGroup, a research firm, predicts that issuance volumes for 2007 will end up being 25% higher than last year.

Direct channels of infection between the subprime-mortgage crisis and the credit-card market certainly exist: consumers are likelier to load up on credit-card debt now that home-equity loans are drying up. But card issuers look at cash flow rather than asset values, so falling house prices do not necessarily trigger a change in borrowers' creditworthiness. They may even work to issuers' advantage. The incentives for consumers to keep paying the mortgage decrease if properties are worth less than the value of the loan; card debt rises higher up the list of repayment priorities as a result.

Card issuers are also able to respond much more swiftly and flexibly to stormier conditions than mortgage lenders are, by changing interest rates or altering credit limits. That should in theory reduce the risk of a rapid repricing of assets. 鈥淲e are not going to wake up one day and totally revalue the loans,鈥� says Gary Perlin, Capital One's chief financial officer.

If a sudden subprime-style meltdown in the credit-card market is improbable, the risks of a sustained downturn are much more real. If lower house prices and a contraction in credit push America into recession, the industry will undoubtedly face a grimmer future. Keep watching for those dorsal fins.

1. The author makes mention of dorsal fins which are irrelevant to the topic in order to _____.

[A] make people alert to the potential danger

[B] attract the readers鈥� attention by presenting an interesting phenomenon

[C] make people realize the graveness of the issue by showing a similar case

[D] make the passage more vivid by imparting new knowledge to readers

2. Rises in the charge-off and delinquency rate indicate _____.

[A] the deterioration of the subprime mortgage

[B] the inadequate ability of card borrowers

[C] the influence of the technical factors

[D] the change in relevant laws

3. According to the third paragraph, the number of bankruptcy fillings would be rising again because_____.

[A] there is a change in America鈥檚 personal-bankruptcy laws

[B] the charge-offs and delinquencies are still low

[C] the influence of the personal-bankruptcy laws has been digested

[D] the overall conditions for borrowers are getting worse

4. The subprime-mortgage crisis influnces the credit-card market in that_____.

[A] the fall of asset values affects the card borrowers鈥� creditworthiness

[B] the decrease in the mortgage payment leads to the rises of the card debt

[C] the drying up of the home-equity loans spur consumers鈥� incectives to repay the card debt

[D] the falling house prices makes the card debt rising higher

5. According to the author, the credit-card market will more likely be threatened by_____.

[A] a gradual downward tendency

[B] a rapid collapse

[C] a sustained trend of lowering price

[D] the accumulation of economic recession

鏂囩珷鍓栨瀽锛�

閫欑瘒鏂囩珷鍒嗘瀽浜嗙編鍦嬫绱氭姷鎶艰哺娆惧嵄姗熷彲鑳藉奖闊垮埌鐨勪俊鐢ㄥ崱甯傚牬銆傜涓€娈垫寚鍑轰俊鐢ㄥ崱甯傚牬宸茬稉(j墨ng)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐤茶粺璺¤薄锛涚浜屾銆佺涓夋閫氶亷鍒嗘瀽琛ㄧず淇＄敤鍗″競鍫村嵄姗熷苟鏈⒑瀹�锛屼笉闇€瑕侀亷浜庢亹鎱岋紱绗洓娈垫寚鍑烘绱氭姷鎶煎嵄姗熻垏淇＄敤鍗″競鍫翠箣闁撶殑鍌虫煋娓犻亾锛涚浜旀鎸囧嚭淇＄敤鍗¤(gu墨)閬块ⅷ闅殑鍎�(y艒u)鍕�锛涚鍏鎸囧嚭淇＄敤鍗″競鍫存洿瓒ㄤ簬缍�(j墨ng)姝锋寔绾�(x霉)浣庤糠鐨勬儏娉�銆�

瑭炲尟娉ㄩ噵锛�

dorsal fin n.[鍕曠墿]鑳岄碍 ailing adj. 鏅硜涓嶄匠鐨勶紝鐢熺梾鐨�

contagion n.鍌虫煋, 鍌虫煋鐥�, 钄撳欢 charge-off n. 鎼嶈€�

delinquency n. 閫炬湡鍌垫

闆ｅ彞绐佺牬锛�

(1) There are rises in both the charge-off and delinquency rates, which measure the share of balances that are uncollectable or more than 30 days late respectively.

[涓婚珨鍙ュ紡] There are rises in鈥�

[绲愭鍒嗘瀽] 閫欐槸涓€鍊嬬啊鍠彞锛寃hich 寮曞皫鐨勯潪闄愬畾鎬у畾瑾炲緸鍙ユ槸淇＞鍓嶉潰鐨則he charge-off and delinquency rates锛涘湪瑭插畾瑾炲緸鍙ヤ腑閭勬湁瀹氳獮寰炲彞淇＞the share of balances锛屽湪瑭插畾瑾炲緸鍙ヤ腑锛屽墠鍗婂€嬪彞瀛愬皪鎳変慨椋総he charge-off rates锛屽悗鍗婂€嬪彞瀛愭槸鍊嬬渷鐣ュ彞锛屽皪鎳変慨椋総he delinquency rates.

[鍙ュ瓙璀枃] 鎼嶈€楃巼鍜岄€炬湡鍌垫鐜囬兘涓婂崌浜�锛岄€欏叐鍊嬫暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍒嗗垾浠ｈ〃鏀朵笉鍥炰締鐨勬敹鏀樊椤嶇殑浠介鍜屾櫄浜�30澶╃殑浠介銆�

(2) A change in America's personal-bankruptcy laws in 2005 led to an abrupt fall in bankruptcy filings, which in turn account for a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether or not overall conditions for borrowers were getting worse.

[涓婚珨鍙ュ紡] A change led to an abrupt fall; the number would be rising.

[绲愭鍒嗘瀽]閫欐槸涓€鍊嬪京闆滃彞锛屽垎铏熷皣鍓嶅悗鍏╁€嬪彞瀛愰殧闁嬨€傚墠闈㈠彞瀛愪腑锛岃硴瑾炲付鏈墂hich寮曞皫鐨勯潪闄愬畾鎬у畾瑾炲緸鍙�锛涘悗闈㈠彞瀛愭槸甯舵湁鏂瑰紡鐙€瑾炲緸鍙ョ殑寰╅洔鍙�銆�

[鍙ュ瓙璀枃]2005骞寸編鍦嬪€嬩汉鐮寸敘(ch菐n)娉曠殑涓€鍊嬫敼鍕曚娇寰楃牬鐢�(ch菐n)鐧昏鎬ラ€熶笅闄嶏紝鑰屽悗寮曡捣浜嗕俊鐢ㄥ崱澶ц(gu墨)妯＄殑铏ф悕銆傜牬鐢�(ch菐n)鐧昏鏁�(sh霉)閲忥紙闅ㄤ箣鐨刢harge-off鐜囷級鍙互閲嶆柊涓婂崌锛屼笉绠¤哺娆句汉鐨勬暣楂旂媭娉佹槸鍚﹁畩寰楁洿绯熺硶浜�銆�

椤岀洰鍒嗘瀽锛�

1. The author makes mention of dorsal fins which are irrelevant to the topic in order to _____.

1. 鑳岄碍鑸囨湰鏂囦富椤岀劇闂滐紝浣滆€呮彁鍒拌儗榘槸鐐轰簡_____銆�

[A] make people alert to the potential danger

[A] 鎻愰啋浜哄€戞敞鎰忔經鍦ㄧ殑鍗遍毆

[B] attract the readers鈥� attention by presenting an interesting phenomenon

[B] 閫氶亷鎻忚堪涓€鍊嬫湁瓒ｇ殑鐝�(xi脿n)璞′締鍚稿紩璁€鑰呯殑鐪肩悆

[C] make people realize the graveness of the issue by showing a similar case

[C] 閫氶亷涓€鍊嬮浼肩殑妗堜緥璁撲汉鍊戞剰璀樺埌浜嬫儏鐨勫毚閲嶆€�

[D] make the passage more vivid by imparting new knowledge to readers

[D] 閫氶亷鍚戣畝鑰呭偝鎺堟柊鐨勭煡璀樹締浣垮緱鏂囩珷鏇寸敓鍕�

[绛旀]A

[闆ｅ害绯绘暩(sh霉)] 鈽嗏槅鈽�

[鍒嗘瀽]鎺ㄧ悊椤�銆傛枃绔犲湪棣栧熬閮芥彁鍒颁簡鑳岄碍銆傞枊闋彁鍒颁竴鏃︽按涓湁琛€锛岃儗榘氨鏈冭畩寰楄垐濂捣渚嗭紝鎺ヨ憲灏辨彁鍒扮編鍦嬫埧鍦扮敘(ch菐n)琛伴€€鍚�锛屾崟椋熻€呭皣鐩厜杞夌Щ鍒颁俊鐢ㄥ崱甯傚牬銆傛湯灏炬彁鍒拌鐣欏績鑳岄碍?锛熸ⅱ閽ラ棷?锛屼綔鑰呮彁鍒拌儗榘槸涓€绋毐鍠伙紝鎰忓懗钁楀嵄闅�锛屽洜姝ら伕闋匒 姣旇純绗﹀悎椤屾剰銆�

2. Rises in the charge-off and delinquency rate indicate _____.

2.鎼嶈€楃巼鍜岄€炬湡鍌垫鐜囩殑鍗囬珮鎰忓懗钁梍____銆�

[A] the deterioration of the subprime mortgage

[A] 娆＄礆鎶垫娂璨告鎯″寲

[B] the inadequate ability of card borrowers

[B] 淇＄敤鍗″€熻哺浜洪倓璨歌兘鍔涜純寮�

[C] the influence of the technical factors

[C] 鎶€琛撳洜绱犵殑褰遍熆

[D] the change in relevant laws

[D] 鐩搁棞娉曞緥鐨勮畩鍖�

[绛旀]B

[闆ｅ害绯绘暩(sh霉)] 鈽嗏槅

[鍒嗘瀽] 鎺ㄧ悊椤屻€傛枃绔犲湪绗竴娈垫彁鍒�锛屼俊鐢ㄥ崱甯傚牬鐨勭柌杌熻贰璞″凡缍�(j墨ng)鍑虹従(xi脿n)锛屾帴钁楀氨鎻愬埌閫欏叐鍊嬫暩(sh霉)瀛楋紝鎼嶈€楃巼鍜岄€炬湡鍌垫鐜囧垎鍒ヤ唬琛ㄧ劇娉曟敹鍥炰締鐨勬敹鏀樊椤嶇殑浠介鍜屾櫄浠樹簡30澶╃殑浠介锛屾帴钁楅倓鑸変緥瑾娓尟璞愰妧琛岀殑14鍎勭編鍏冭不鐢ㄥ氨鏄儴鍒嗗洜鐐轰俊鐢ㄥ崱鍊熸浜哄劅閭勮兘鍔涜純寮便€傚洜姝�锛岄€欏叐闋呭崌楂樿〃鏄庝俊鐢ㄥ崱甯傚牬鍑虹従(xi脿n)鍟忛銆侫涓嶇鍚�锛汢锛屾槸淇＄敤鍗″競鍫村晱椤�锛汣D鍦ㄧ浜屾鎻愬埌锛屾槸寮曡捣閫欏叐闋呭崌楂樼殑閮ㄥ垎鍘熷洜鎵€鍦ㄣ€傚洜姝�锛岀瓟妗堢偤B銆�

3. According to the third paragraph, the number of bankruptcy fillings would be rising again because_____.

2. 鏍规摎(j霉)绗笁娈�锛岀牬鐢�(ch菐n)鐢宠珛鏁�(sh霉)閲忔渻鍐嶆澧炲鏄洜鐐�

_____銆�

[A] there is a change in America鈥檚 personal-bankruptcy laws

[A] 缇庡湅鍊嬩汉鐮寸敘(ch菐n)娉曠櫦(f膩)鐢熶簡璁婂寲

[B] the charge-offs and delinquencies are still low

[B] 鎼嶈€楃巼鍜岄€炬湡鍌垫鐜囬倓寰堜綆

[C] the influence of the change in the personal-bankruptcy laws has been digested

[C] 鍊嬩汉璨告娉曞緥璁婂寲鐨勫奖闊垮凡缍�(j墨ng)琚秷鍖栦簡

[D] the overall conditions for borrowers are getting worse

[D] 璨告浜烘暣楂旂殑鎯呭舰瓒ㄤ簬绯熺硶

[绛旀]C

[闆ｅ害绯绘暩(sh霉)] 鈽嗏槅鈽�

[鍒嗘瀽] 鎺ㄧ悊椤屻€傛枃绔犵涓夋鏈€鍚庢彁鍒颁笉绠¤哺娆句汉鏁撮珨鐨勬儏娉佹槸鍚﹁畩澹�锛岀牬鐢�(ch菐n)鐢宠珛鏁�(sh霉)閲忛兘鏈冨啀娆″澶氥€傚墠闈㈠張鎻愬埌鏄洜鐐�2005骞寸編鍦嬪€嬩汉鐮寸敘(ch菐n)娉曟湁涓€瀹氳畩鍖�锛岀牬鐢�(ch菐n)鐢宠珛鎵嶆€ュ妵闄嶄綆锛岃€屽悗寮曠櫦(f膩)浜嗕俊鐢ㄥ崱甯傚牬鐨勪竴浜涘晱椤�銆傚洜姝�锛岄€欓爡娉曞緥瀵﹁涓€娈垫檪闁撳悗锛屽ぇ瀹跺凡缍�(j墨ng)娑堝寲浜嗛€欏€嬭畩鍖�锛岃定鍕㈠張鏈冩仮寰╂甯搞€傜瓟妗圕鏈€鐐鸿布鍒�銆�

4. The subprime-mortgage crisis influnces the credit-card market in that_____.

3. 娆＄礆鎶垫娂璨告鍗辨褰遍熆淇＄敤鍗″競鍫�

鍦ㄤ簬_____銆�

[A] the fall of asset values affects the card borrowers鈥� creditworthiness

[A]璩囩敘(ch菐n)鍍瑰€肩殑闄嶄綆褰遍熆浜嗕俊鐢ㄥ崱鍊熸浜�

鐨勪俊鐢ㄥ害

[B] the decrease in the mortgage payment leads to the rises of the card debt

[B]鎶垫娂鏀粯鐨勬笡灏戝皫鑷翠簡淇＄敤鍗¤哺娆剧殑澧炲姞銆�

[C] the drying up of the home-equity loans spur consumers鈥� incectives to repay the card debt

[C]瀹跺涵璩囩敘(ch菐n)璨告鐨勮“绔縺鐧�(f膩)娑堣不鑰呭劅閭勪俊鐢ㄥ崱璨告鐨勭⿳妤垫€с€�

[D] the falling house prices makes the card debt rising higher

[D]鎴垮眿鍍规牸鐨勪笅闄嶄娇寰椾俊鐢ㄥ崱璨告澧炲姞浜嗘洿澶�銆�

[绛旀]C

[闆ｅ害绯绘暩(sh霉)] 鈽嗏槅鈽�

[鍒嗘瀽] 绱扮瘈(ji茅)椤�銆傛枃绔犵鍥涙鎻愬埌娆＄礆鎶垫娂璨告鍗辨鍜屼俊鐢ㄥ崱甯傚牬涔嬮枔鏈夌洿鎺ユ劅鏌撶殑閫氶亾锛屽洜鐐哄搴硣鐢�(ch菐n)璨告琛扮锛屽€熸浜哄氨鏇存効鎰忔妸淇＄敤鍗＄殑璨告鍎熼倓娓咃紱鑰屼笖鍥犵偤鎴垮眿鐨勫児鏍兼瘮璨告閭勪綆锛屽ぇ瀹跺氨涓嶆効鎰忛倓鎴垮眿鎶垫娂璨告锛屽洜姝や俊鐢ㄥ崱璨告鍎熼倓鍦ㄥ劅閭勬柟闈綅灞呭墠鍒�銆傞伕闋呬腑C绗﹀悎閫欑ó鎺ㄧ悊锛岀偤姝ｇ⒑绛旀銆�

5. According to the author, the credit-card market will more likely be threatened by_____.

5. 渚濅綔鑰呬締鐪嬶紝淇＄敤鍗″競鍫存洿鍙兘鍙楀埌_____鐨勫▉鑴�銆�

[A] a gradual downward tendency

[A] 绶╂參鐨勮“閫€瓒ㄥ嫝

[B] a rapid collapse

[B] 蹇€熺殑宕╂桨

[C] a sustained trend of lowering prices

[C] 鍍规牸鎸佺簩(x霉)璧颁綆

[D] the accumulation of economic recession

[D] 缍�(j墨ng)婵熻“閫€鏃ヨ定鍤撮噸

[绛旀]A

[闆ｅ害绯绘暩(sh霉)] 鈽嗏槅鈽�

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