鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞达紱鍧囨彁渚涙敹璨讳笅杓�銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
闁辫畝鐞嗚В鏄缈掍腑鐨勯噸榛�锛屼笉鍍呭洜鍏跺叿鏈夊闅涚殑闁辫畝鑸囩悊瑙g殑閸涚厜鑳藉姏锛屾洿鍥犵偤鍏跺垎鍊兼瘮渚嬭純澶�?锛熷繉顚h抖?f霉)缈掗亷绋嬩腑锛岃娉ㄦ剰鐞嗚В鏂囩珷涓鍖殑瑾炵京鐗瑰緛銆傛枃绔犱腑鐨勬煇浜涢棞(gu膩n)閸佃涔熻兘鐐鸿€冪敓鎻愪緵绶氱储銆傚湪閬告搰鏅�锛岀洝閲忓線閫欎簺闂�(gu膩n)閸佃涓娾€滈潬鈥�锛屽彲浠ラ伩鍏嶉洟椤屽お閬犮€備互涓嬩笁椤炶鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ笉瀹瑰拷瑕栵細
鍚嶈琛ㄤ富椤�
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn鈥檛 biting her nails just yet. But the 47瞴ear瞣ld manicurist isn鈥檛 cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she鈥檇 like to, either. Most of her clients spend 锛�12 to 锛�50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. 鈥淚鈥檓 a good economic indicator鈥�, she says. 鈥淚 provide a service that people can do without when they鈥檙e concerned about saving some dollars.鈥� So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle brow Dillard鈥檚 department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. 鈥淚 don鈥檛 know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,鈥� she says.
鏂囦腑鐨勯€欎簺鍚嶈鐐鸿€冪敓鎻愪緵浜嗕竴姊濅富绶�锛屽嵆浣挎矑瀹屽叏璁€鎳�锛屼絾閫氶亷閫欎簺鍚嶈鑰冪敓涔熷彲浠ョ⒑瀹氶€欐槸涓€绡囪垏缍�(j墨ng)婵熸湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勬枃绔�锛屾瘡鍙ヨ┍閮芥矑闆㈤枊閫欏€嬩富椤�?锛熸ⅱ鏍絆(sh猫)鎯充竴涓�锛屽鏋滄妸鍏朵腑鐨勪换浣曚竴鍙ュ埅鍘伙紝鐒跺悗璁撹€冪敓閬告搰鍚庤涓�锛屽湪閬靛惊浠モ€滅稉(j墨ng)婵熲€濈偤绶氱储鐨勫墠鎻愪笅閮芥槸寰堝鏄撹В姹虹殑銆備篃灏辨槸瑾€欎簺鍚嶈琛ㄦ槑浜嗛€欑瘒鏂囩珷鐨勪富椤�銆�
鍕曡琛ㄨ畩鍖�
All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid 1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America鈥檚 industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
鍕曡鏄悇绋畩鍖栨渶鏄庨’鐨勯珨鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽畠鍙互琛ㄦ槑鏂囦腑鎵€杩版儏娉佺殑璁婂寲銆佷綔鑰呮厠(t脿i)搴︾殑璁婂寲浠ュ強鎯呮劅鐨勮畩鍖栫瓑銆傛湰娈垫枃瀛椾腑锛屽厛涓嶇湅鍏跺畠鏂囧瓧锛屽彧鐪嬮€欎簺闂�(gu膩n)閸电殑鍕曡鈥渃aused鈥�銆佲€渟topped鈥�銆佲€渂egan to believe鈥�銆佲€渂egin to fall鈥濄€佲€渄ecline鈥濆氨鍙互琛ㄦ槑閫欐槸涓€绋敱濂藉埌澹炴垨鐢卞鍒板ソ鐨勮畩鍖�锛屽啀绲�(ji茅)鍚堝叾浠栭儴鍒嗗彲浠ユ洿鍔犺偗瀹氶€欎竴榛�锛屽洜鐐烘枃涓墍杩版鏄棞(gu膩n)浜庣編鍦嬬稉(j墨ng)婵熷紩鐧�(f膩)鐨勪竴鍫翠俊浠诲嵄姗�锛屼互鍙婇€欏牬鍗辨绲︿汉鍊戝付渚嗙殑鎯呮劅鍙婄稉(j墨ng)婵熸柟闈㈢殑璁婂寲銆�
褰㈠瑭炶〃鎱�(t脿i)搴�
Even before Alan Greenspan鈥檚 admission that America鈥檚 red hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year鈥檚 pace. But don鈥檛 sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy鈥檚 long 瞭erm prospects even as they do some modest belt tightening.
鍦ㄩ柋璁€鐞嗚ВPart A閮ㄥ垎缍�(j墨ng)甯告渻閬囧埌琛ㄦ槑浣滆€呮厠(t脿i)搴︾殑椤�锛屽悓妯�锛屽湪Part B閮ㄥ垎濡傛灉鑳芥槑纰烘妸鎻′綔鑰呯殑鎱�(t脿i)搴﹀皪瑙i涔熷緢闂�(gu膩n)閸�锛岃€屽舰瀹硅鏄渶鑳介珨鐝�(xi脿n)浣滆€呮厠(t脿i)搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)閸佃銆備互姝ゆ鐐轰緥锛屽墠鍗婇儴鍒嗛兘鏄棞(gu膩n)浜庣編鍦嬬稉(j墨ng)婵熶笉鏅埃鐨勬弿杩�锛屽鏋滃彧鐪嬪埌閫欎簺锛屼竴瀹氭渻瑾嶇偤涓嬫枃涔熸噳(y墨ng)瑭叉槸涓€浜涙秷妤垫柟闈㈢殑鎻忚堪銆備絾鍏跺鏈鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸靛湪鍚庨潰锛屾秷璨昏€呯殑鈥渙nly mildly concerned鈥濆拰鈥渘ot panicked鈥濅互鍙婃渶鏄庨’鐨勪竴鍊嬪舰瀹硅鈥渙ptimistic鈥濋兘鑸囧墠闈㈢殑鎯呮硜褰㈡垚楫槑鐨勫皪姣�锛岃〃鏄庝簡浣滆€呯殑鎱�(t脿i)搴︺€傚鏋滃湪姝ゆ鍚庤ō(sh猫)椤岄€茶閬告搰锛岃€冪敓灏变笉寰椾笉鑰冩叜閫欎簺鍥犵礌浜�銆�
鍏嶈铂鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠h〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�