闁辫畝鍦�鑰冪爺鑻辫獮(y菙)(Q鍚�)瑭﹀嵎涓崰鐨勫垎鍊兼渶楂�锛屽緢澶氬悓瀛�(xu茅)鍦ㄨ嫳瑾�(y菙)寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鐨勫垵鏈熺偤闁辫畝鑰岃嫤鎯憋紝涓嶇煡閬撳緸浣曚笅鎵嬪皨鎵剧獊鐮村彛銆傝惉(w脿n)瀛�(xu茅)•娴锋枃鑰冪爺杓斿皫(d菐o)灏堝鐐鸿€冪敓鏀嫑—— 涓夊ぇ鎶€宸у嵆鑳藉公鍔╀綘鎽樺彇鑰冪爺鑻辫獮(y菙)闁辫畝楂樺垎銆�

鎶€宸�1——寰炶鑸囪獮(y菙)娉曢枊(k膩i)濮�

瑭炲拰瑾�(y菙)娉曟槸鏈€鍩虹(ch菙)鐨勮嫳瑾�(y菙)瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍏ユ墜榛�(di菐n)锛岃€冪爺涔熸槸濡傛銆傛彁楂橀柋璁€鑳藉姏鐨勫墠鎻愭槸鎵撳ソ瑭炲尟鑸囪獮(y菙)娉曞熀绀�(ch菙)銆傚湪鍋氶柋璁€鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑锛岄€氶亷(gu貌)瑾�(y菙)娉曟墜娈垫垨涓嶅悓鐨勮鍖舰寮�锛屼互閬�(d谩)鍒颁簡瑭炵京鍜岀瘒绔犱笂鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹归姕鎺�锛屽嵆鏄皣瑭炲尟鑸囪獮(y菙)娉曢姕鎺ュ埌浜嗕竴璧�銆傚叿楂旇〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互涓嬪咕鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰锛�

1锛夎獮(y菙)绡囨(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭�銆傚彞瀛愯垏鍙ュ瓙涔嬮枔锛屼互鍙婁笂瑾�(y菙)缇╄垏涓嬭獮(y菙)缇╀箣闁�锛屽線寰€瀛樺湪涓€浜涜(gu墨)寰嬫€х殑妯�(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭�銆傚彞闅涢棞(gu膩n)绯讳富瑕佹湁浠ヤ笅骞剧ó锛�

鈶犺綁(zhu菐n)鎶橀棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傛(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭炴湁however, nevertheless, but, in fact锛�(al)though绛�銆�

鈶￠爢鎵块棞(gu膩n)绯绘垨骞跺垪闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傚悗鍙ユ槸鍓嶅彞鐨勫欢绾�(x霉)鎴栬(b菙)鍏咃紝妯�(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭炰富瑕佹湁then, after that, furthermore, also, when绛�銆�

鈶㈠洜鏋滈棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傚父鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勬(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭炴湁as a result, for, consequently,as a consequence, accordingly锛宼herefore,绛�銆�

鈶ｄ緥璀夐棞(gu膩n)绯汇€傛渶鏈変唬琛ㄦ€х殑妯�(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭炴槸for example, for instance绛�銆�

2锛夊叡鐝�(xi脿n)銆傚畠鏄寚涓€绯诲垪鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勮闋�(xi脿ng)鍦ㄧ瘒绔犱腑缍�(j墨ng)甯稿叡鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽皪(du矛)淇℃伅鐨勭敓鎴愬拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭殑瑙ｉ噵鍧囨湁涓€瀹氱殑鎸囧皫(d菐o)浣滅敤锛屽公鍔╄畝鑰呭湪闁辫畝鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑閫�(j矛n)琛岄爯(y霉)娓�(c猫)鍜屾帹娓�(c猫)銆�

3锛夐噸寰�(f霉)銆傚畠涓€鑸湁鍏╃ó褰㈠紡銆備竴绋槸鍚屼竴涓婚瑭炴垨闂�(gu膩n)閸佃閲嶅京(f霉)鍑虹従(xi脿n)锛涘彟涓€绋槸瑾�(y菙)绡囦腑鐨勫彞瀛愰€氶亷(gu貌)鍚岀京鎴栬繎缇╄鐨勯姕鎺�锛岄仈(d谩)鍒颁簡鐩镐簰閵滄帴銆�

4锛夋浛浠�銆傛寚鏂囦腑鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勪唬瑭烇紝鏇挎寚鍚庢枃涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勪富鑸囨垨鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆備竴鑸湁浠ヤ笅骞惧€�(g猫)瑕�(gu墨)寰�——it鎸囦唬鍓嶉潰鐨勫柈鏁�(sh霉)鍚嶈鎴栨暣鍊�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙锛沷ne鎸囦唬鍓嶉潰鐨勫柈鏁�(sh霉)鍙暩(sh霉)鍚嶈锛� this鎸囦唬鍓嶉潰鐨勫柈鏁�(sh霉)鍚嶈鎴栧彞瀛愶紱that鎸囦唬鍓嶉潰鐨勪笉鍙暩(sh霉)鍚嶈鎴栧彞瀛�锛� they鎴杢hem鎸囦唬鍓嶉潰鐨勫京(f霉)鏁�(sh霉)鍚嶈銆�

鎶€宸�2——瑷�(x霉n)绶翠腑锛屾敞鎰忔枃绔犵祫绻旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鍦ㄥ仛闁辫畝鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑锛屽苟涓嶆槸姣忎竴鍊�(g猫)鍠浣犻兘鏈�(hu矛)瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)锛屼絾鏄彲浠ユ牴鎿�(j霉)鍓嶅悗鏂囦富瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹逛互鍙婃枃绔犵殑绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閫�(j矛n)琛屾帹娓�(c猫)銆傚湪骞虫檪(sh铆)鐨勯柋璁€瑷�(x霉n)绶翠腑锛屽缓璀拌€冪敓娉ㄦ剰鏂囩珷鐨勭祫绻旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

鐒�(w煤)璜栨枃绔犳槸浠€涔堝収(n猫i)瀹�锛屼害鎴栨槸鎬庢ǎ鐨勯暦(zh菐ng)搴�锛屽湪绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓婃槸闈炲父鐩镐技鐨勩€傛钀介€氬父鐢变竴鍊�(g猫)涓婚鍙ュ紩鍑�锛屾帴钁楁槸涓€绯诲垪瑾�(shu艒)鏄庝富椤屽彞鐨勭窗(x矛)绡€(ji茅)锛屾渶鍚庢槸绲�(ji茅)灏惧彞銆傚悓妯�锛屾枃绔犳槸鐢辩瘒棣栨銆佷富楂旀鍜岀祼(ji茅)璜栨涓夐儴鍒嗙祫鎴�銆傚紩瑷€娈垫彮绀轰富椤�锛屾鏂囬儴鍒嗗皪(du矛)涓婚鍒嗛粸(di菐n)闂¤堪锛岀祼(ji茅)璜栨灏�(du矛)鍏ㄦ枃姝哥磵绺界祼(ji茅)銆�

鑰冪敓鍦ㄦ嬁閬�(gu貌)涓€绡囨枃绔犳檪(sh铆)锛岄鍏堣娉ㄦ剰閬告枃鐨勯娈�锛屼竴鑸€欓儴鍒嗗紩鍑烘枃涓瑷庤珫鐨勬牳蹇冨晱(w猫n)椤�锛屽緸鑰岃捣鍒扮当(t菕ng)闋�(l菒ng)鍏ㄦ枃鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€備竴鑸儏娉佷笅锛岀瘒棣栨鐢卞紩瑾�(y菙)鍙ュ拰涓績鎬濇兂鍙ュ叐閮ㄥ垎绲勬垚銆傚墠鑰呯洰鐨勬槸寮曡捣璁€鑰呯殑鑸堣叮锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)浣胯畝鑰呭皪(du矛)鏂囩珷瑕佽◣璜栫殑鍟�(w猫n)椤屽湪蹇冪悊涓婃湁鎵€婧�(zh菙n)鍌�銆傚悗鑰呭悜璁€鑰呬氦寰呰┎鏂囩殑涓婚鎴�?q奴)鎳介珎搴�?銆傜附涔�锛岀瘒棣栨鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ氨鏄娇璁€鑰呴爢鍒╁湴閫�(j矛n)鍏ユ鏂�銆�

鏂囩珷鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛富骞蹭竴鑸緸涓嶅悓鐨勫伌(c猫)闈㈠皪(du矛)鏂囩珷鐨勪富椤屽睍闁�(k膩i)瑷庤珫銆傚悇娈甸棥杩扮殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰繀闋堣垏涓婚涓€鑷淬€�

绲�(ji茅)灏炬姒傛嫭鍏ㄦ枃鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�锛屽線寰€浣跨敤涓嶅悓鐨勮┍閲嶆柊闂¤堪涓績鎬濇兂锛屽緸鑰岃垏绡囬娈电浉鍛兼噳(y墨ng)銆傚悓鏅�(sh铆)锛屼娇璁€鑰呭皪(du矛)鍏ㄦ枃鏈変竴鍊�(g猫)瀹屾暣銆佹竻鏅扮殑瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)銆�

鎶€宸�3——閲嶄簬鐮旂┒鐪熼

鐔熻畝姝峰勾鑰冮锛岀啛鎮夐鍨嬶紝鍙互骞姪鑰冪敓鎺屾彙蹇呰鐨勫仛椤屾妧宸�锛屾彁楂橀鐩懡涓巼銆傚湪鐮旂┒鐪熼鏅�(sh铆)锛岃娉ㄦ剰浠ヤ笅骞惧€�(g猫)鏂归潰銆�

1锛夐噸瑕栨枃绔犻鏈鍦ㄦ暣绡囨枃绔犱腑鐨勪綔鐢紝鍥�?y脿n)姗涘槝P(gu膩n)涓婚鎬濇兂鐨勮│椤岀瓟妗堝線寰€鑳藉湪闁�(k膩i)闋儴鍒嗘垨鏂囩珷绲�(ji茅)灏剧附绲�(ji茅)鏅�(sh铆)鎻愬嚭锛岄€欏皪(du矛)骞姪鎴戝€戞妸鎻′綔鑰呯殑鎰熸儏鍜岃榛�(di菐n)閮藉緢鏈夊公鍔�銆�

2锛夊厛鐪嬮鐩倓鏄厛璁€鎳傚叏鏂囧啀鍋氶锛岃鍏烽珨鎯呮硜鑰屽畾锛屽鏋滆€冪敓瑷樻喍濂�锛屾枃绔犺純瀹规槗鍙噰鐢ㄥ厛蹇€熻畝鎳傚叏鏂囧啀鍋氶鐨勬柟娉�锛岀鍒拌純闆�銆佷笉鐔熸倝鐨勬枃绔犲墖鎳�(y墨ng)閲囩敤鍏堢湅椤屽悗闁辫畝鍏ㄦ枃鐨勬柟娉�?锛熸惌}鐩笉瑕佽勃澶氾紝鐢变簬浜虹殑鏆檪(sh铆)瑷樻喍鑳藉姏鏈夐檺锛屼竴鑸湅涓€鑷冲叐椤屽氨鍙紝鐒跺悗甯惰憲閫欎竴鍏╅鍘诲師鏂囨壘绛旀銆�

3锛夊洜?y脿n)闂卾骞磋€冮钁楅噸鑰冩煡瀛�(xu茅)鐢熸妸鎻℃枃绔犻噸瑕佷俊鎭殑鑳藉姏锛屽洜姝�锛岃€冪敓婧�(zh菙n)鍌�2009骞磋€冪爺鐨勯噸榛�(di菐n)鏅�(sh铆)閭勬槸瑕佸(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)姝ｇ⒑鐨勯柋璁€鏂规硶锛岄€氶亷(gu貌)鎶婃彙閲嶈鍙�銆佹渚�(l谩i)鎶撲綇鏂囩珷鐨勯噸瑕佷俊鎭�銆�