闁辫畝鍦�鑰冪爺鑻辫獮(Q鍚�)瑭﹀嵎涓崰鐨勫垎鍊兼渶楂�锛屽緢澶氬悓瀛�(xu茅)鍦ㄨ嫳瑾炲京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鐨勫垵鏈熺偤闁辫畝鑰岃嫤鎯�锛屼笉鐭ラ亾寰炰綍涓嬫墜灏嬫壘绐佺牬鍙ｃ€傝惉瀛�(xu茅)•娴锋枃鑰冪爺杓斿皫(d菐o)灏堝鐐鸿€冪敓鏀嫑—— 涓夊ぇ鎶€宸у嵆鑳藉公鍔╀綘鎽樺彇鑰冪爺鑻辫獮闁辫畝楂樺垎銆�

鎶€宸�1——寰炶鑸囪獮娉曢枊濮�

瑭炲拰瑾炴硶鏄渶鍩虹(ch菙)鐨勮嫳瑾炲(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍏ユ墜榛�(di菐n)锛岃€冪爺涔熸槸濡傛銆傛彁楂橀柋璁€鑳藉姏鐨勫墠鎻愭槸鎵撳ソ瑭炲尟鑸囪獮娉曞熀绀�(ch菙)銆傚湪鍋氶柋璁€鐨勯亷绋嬩腑锛岄€氶亷瑾炴硶鎵嬫鎴栦笉鍚岀殑瑭炲尟褰㈠紡锛屼互閬�(d谩)鍒颁簡瑭炵京鍜岀瘒绔犱笂鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹归姕鎺�锛屽嵆鏄皣瑭炲尟鑸囪獮娉曢姕鎺ュ埌浜嗕竴璧�銆傚叿楂旇〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互涓嬪咕鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰锛�

1锛夎獮绡囨(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭炪€傚彞瀛愯垏鍙ュ瓙涔嬮枔锛屼互鍙婁笂瑾炵京鑸囦笅瑾炵京涔嬮枔锛屽線寰€瀛樺湪涓€浜涜(gu墨)寰嬫€х殑妯�(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭�銆傚彞闅涢棞(gu膩n)绯讳富瑕佹湁浠ヤ笅骞剧ó锛�

鈶犺綁(zhu菐n)鎶橀棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傛(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭炴湁however, nevertheless, but, in fact锛�(al)though绛�銆�

鈶￠爢鎵块棞(gu膩n)绯绘垨骞跺垪闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傚悗鍙ユ槸鍓嶅彞鐨勫欢绾�(x霉)鎴栬(b菙)鍏�锛屾(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭炰富瑕佹湁then, after that, furthermore, also, when绛�銆�

鈶㈠洜鏋滈棞(gu膩n)绯汇€傚父鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勬(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭炴湁as a result, for, consequently,as a consequence, accordingly锛宼herefore,绛�銆�

鈶ｄ緥璀夐棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傛渶鏈変唬琛ㄦ€х殑妯�(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)瑭炴槸for example, for instance绛�銆�

2锛夊叡鐝�(xi脿n)銆傚畠鏄寚涓€绯诲垪鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勮闋�(xi脿ng)鍦ㄧ瘒绔犱腑缍�(j墨ng)甯稿叡鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽皪(du矛)淇℃伅鐨勭敓鎴愬拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭殑瑙ｉ噵鍧囨湁涓€瀹氱殑鎸囧皫(d菐o)浣滅敤锛屽公鍔╄畝鑰呭湪闁辫畝鐨勯亷绋嬩腑閫�(j矛n)琛岄爯(y霉)娓�(c猫)鍜屾帹娓�(c猫)銆�

3锛夐噸寰�(f霉)銆傚畠涓€鑸湁鍏╃ó褰㈠紡銆備竴绋槸鍚屼竴涓婚瑭炴垨闂�(gu膩n)閸佃閲嶅京(f霉)鍑虹従(xi脿n)锛涘彟涓€绋槸瑾炵瘒涓殑鍙ュ瓙閫氶亷鍚岀京鎴栬繎缇╄鐨勯姕鎺�锛岄仈(d谩)鍒颁簡鐩镐簰閵滄帴銆�

4锛夋浛浠ｃ€傛寚鏂囦腑鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勪唬瑭�锛屾浛鎸囧悗鏂囦腑鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勪富鑸囨垨鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆備竴鑸湁浠ヤ笅骞惧€�(g猫)瑕�(gu墨)寰�——it鎸囦唬鍓嶉潰鐨勫柈鏁�(sh霉)鍚嶈鎴栨暣鍊�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙锛沷ne鎸囦唬鍓嶉潰鐨勫柈鏁�(sh霉)鍙暩(sh霉)鍚嶈锛� this鎸囦唬鍓嶉潰鐨勫柈鏁�(sh霉)鍚嶈鎴栧彞瀛�锛泃hat鎸囦唬鍓嶉潰鐨勪笉鍙暩(sh霉)鍚嶈鎴栧彞瀛�锛� they鎴杢hem鎸囦唬鍓嶉潰鐨勫京(f霉)鏁�(sh霉)鍚嶈銆�

鎶€宸�2——瑷�(x霉n)绶翠腑锛屾敞鎰忔枃绔犵祫绻旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鍦ㄥ仛闁辫畝鐨勯亷绋嬩腑锛屽苟涓嶆槸姣忎竴鍊�(g猫)鍠浣犻兘鏈�(hu矛)瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)锛屼絾鏄彲浠ユ牴鎿�(j霉)鍓嶅悗鏂囦富瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹逛互鍙婃枃绔犵殑绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閫�(j矛n)琛屾帹娓�(c猫)銆傚湪骞虫檪(sh铆)鐨勯柋璁€瑷�(x霉n)绶翠腑锛屽缓璀拌€冪敓娉ㄦ剰鏂囩珷鐨勭祫绻旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

鐒¤珫鏂囩珷鏄粈涔堝収(n猫i)瀹�锛屼害鎴栨槸鎬庢ǎ鐨勯暦搴�锛屽湪绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓婃槸闈炲父鐩镐技鐨�銆傛钀介€氬父鐢变竴鍊�(g猫)涓婚鍙ュ紩鍑�锛屾帴钁楁槸涓€绯诲垪瑾槑涓婚鍙ョ殑绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)锛屾渶鍚庢槸绲�(ji茅)灏惧彞銆傚悓妯ｏ紝鏂囩珷鏄敱绡囬娈�銆佷富楂旀鍜岀祼(ji茅)璜栨涓夐儴鍒嗙祫鎴愩€傚紩瑷€娈垫彮绀轰富椤�锛屾鏂囬儴鍒嗗皪(du矛)涓婚鍒嗛粸(di菐n)闂¤堪锛岀祼(ji茅)璜栨灏�(du矛)鍏ㄦ枃姝哥磵绺界祼(ji茅)銆�

鑰冪敓鍦ㄦ嬁閬庝竴绡囨枃绔犳檪(sh铆)锛岄鍏堣娉ㄦ剰閬告枃鐨勯娈�锛屼竴鑸€欓儴鍒嗗紩鍑烘枃涓瑷庤珫鐨勬牳蹇冨晱椤岋紝寰炶€岃捣鍒扮当(t菕ng)闋�(l菒ng)鍏ㄦ枃鐨勪綔鐢�銆備竴鑸儏娉佷笅锛岀瘒棣栨鐢卞紩瑾炲彞鍜屼腑蹇冩€濇兂鍙ュ叐閮ㄥ垎绲勬垚銆傚墠鑰呯洰鐨勬槸寮曡捣璁€鑰呯殑鑸堣叮锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)浣胯畝鑰呭皪(du矛)鏂囩珷瑕佽◣璜栫殑鍟忛鍦ㄥ績鐞嗕笂鏈夋墍婧�(zh菙n)鍌�銆傚悗鑰呭悜璁€鑰呬氦寰呰┎鏂囩殑涓婚鎴�?q奴)鎳介珎搴�?銆傜附涔�锛岀瘒棣栨鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ氨鏄娇璁€鑰呴爢鍒╁湴閫�(j矛n)鍏ユ鏂囥€�

鏂囩珷鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛富骞蹭竴鑸緸涓嶅悓鐨勫伌(c猫)闈㈠皪(du矛)鏂囩珷鐨勪富椤屽睍闁嬭◣璜�銆傚悇娈甸棥杩扮殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰繀闋堣垏涓婚涓€鑷�銆�

绲�(ji茅)灏炬姒傛嫭鍏ㄦ枃鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�锛屽線寰€浣跨敤涓嶅悓鐨勮┍閲嶆柊闂¤堪涓績鎬濇兂锛屽緸鑰岃垏绡囬娈电浉鍛兼噳(y墨ng)銆傚悓鏅�(sh铆)锛屼娇璁€鑰呭皪(du矛)鍏ㄦ枃鏈変竴鍊�(g猫)瀹屾暣銆佹竻鏅扮殑瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)銆�

鎶€宸�3——閲嶄簬鐮旂┒鐪熼

鐔熻畝姝峰勾鑰冮锛岀啛鎮夐鍨�锛屽彲浠ュ公鍔╄€冪敓鎺屾彙蹇呰鐨勫仛椤屾妧宸�锛屾彁楂橀鐩懡涓巼銆傚湪鐮旂┒鐪熼鏅�(sh铆)锛岃娉ㄦ剰浠ヤ笅骞惧€�(g猫)鏂归潰銆�

1锛夐噸瑕栨枃绔犻鏈鍦ㄦ暣绡囨枃绔犱腑鐨勪綔鐢�锛屽洜?y脿n)姗涘槝P(gu膩n)涓婚鎬濇兂鐨勮│椤岀瓟妗堝線寰€鑳藉湪闁嬮牠閮ㄥ垎鎴栨枃绔犵祼(ji茅)灏剧附绲�(ji茅)鏅�(sh铆)鎻愬嚭锛岄€欏皪(du矛)骞姪鎴戝€戞妸鎻′綔鑰呯殑鎰熸儏鍜岃榛�(di菐n)閮藉緢鏈夊公鍔�銆�

2锛夊厛鐪嬮鐩倓鏄厛璁€鎳傚叏鏂囧啀鍋氶锛岃鍏烽珨鎯呮硜鑰屽畾锛屽鏋滆€冪敓瑷樻喍濂斤紝鏂囩珷杓冨鏄撳彲閲囩敤鍏堝揩閫熻畝鎳傚叏鏂囧啀鍋氶鐨勬柟娉�锛岀鍒拌純闆ｃ€佷笉鐔熸倝鐨勬枃绔犲墖鎳�(y墨ng)閲囩敤鍏堢湅椤屽悗闁辫畝鍏ㄦ枃鐨勬柟娉�銆傜湅椤岀洰涓嶈璨锛岀敱浜庝汉鐨勬毇鏅�(sh铆)瑷樻喍鑳藉姏鏈夐檺锛屼竴鑸湅涓€鑷冲叐椤屽氨鍙�锛岀劧鍚庡付钁楅€欎竴鍏╅鍘诲師鏂囨壘绛旀銆�

3锛夊洜?y脿n)闂卾骞磋€冮钁楅噸鑰冩煡瀛�(xu茅)鐢熸妸鎻℃枃绔犻噸瑕佷俊鎭殑鑳藉姏锛屽洜姝�锛岃€冪敓婧�(zh菙n)鍌�2009骞磋€冪爺鐨勯噸榛�(di菐n)鏅�(sh铆)閭勬槸瑕佸(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)姝ｇ⒑鐨勯柋璁€鏂规硶锛岄€氶亷鎶婃彙閲嶈鍙�銆佹渚嗘姄浣忔枃绔犵殑閲嶈淇℃伅銆�