绗簩鍗佷竴澶╋細闁辫畝妯℃摤绶寸繏涓€

浠婂ぉ闁嬪闁辫畝绶寸繏?锛熷仺Y鐨勫浣滆鍖槸闂滀簬绀炬渻鐢熸椿鍟忛鐨�銆傚叾涓垏鈥滃亣鈥濇湁闂滅殑鍟忛鏀惧湪鍓嶉潰銆備互鍚庢渻灏堥杸绺界祼鈥滃亣鐮旂┒鈥濅竴椤炵殑鍟忛銆�

浠婂ぉ鐨勭祼鏉熻獮鏄細Seek truth from facts锛堝浜嬫眰鏄級銆�

counterfeit certificates鍋介€犺瓑鏇�

counterfeit currency/stamp/ ID card鍋介€犺波骞�/閮电エ/韬唤璀変欢

credit-card fraud淇＄敤鍗℃瑭�

fake and shoddy commodities鍋囧啋鍋藉姡鍟嗗搧

pseudo-science/superstition鍋界瀛�/杩蜂俊

unlicensed vehicle榛戣粖

smuggled goods榛戣波/璧扮璨�

population explosion/baby boom浜哄彛鐖嗙偢

population census浜哄彛鏅煡

birth/death rate鍑虹敓/姝讳骸鐜�

family planning瑷堝妰鐢熻偛

high blood pressure楂樿澹�

heart attack蹇冭嚐鐥�

cancer鐧岀櫏

euthanasia瀹夋▊姝�

death penalty/capital punishment 姝诲垜

bring somebody to justice绶濇嬁姝告/绻╀箣浠ユ硶

law enforcement officers鍩�(zh铆)娉曚汉鍝�

bootlegging璨╄常閬曠鍝�

money laundering娲楅將

cyber bars/internet caf茅缍�(w菐ng)鍚�

drug addiction鍚告瘨

epidemic disease鍌虫煋鐥�

AIDS 鑹炬粙鐥呭拰鎬х梾

campus/family violence鏍″湌/瀹跺涵鏆村姏

male chauvinist澶х敺瀛愪富缇╄€�

child abuse铏愬緟鍏掔

dropout students澶卞鍏掔

eliminate illiteracy鎺冪洸

help those in distress and aid those in peril鎵跺嵄婵熷洶

poverty-stricken areas璨у洶鍦板崁(q奴)

remote and mountain areas閭婇仩灞卞崁(q奴)

shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity鑴钵鑷村瘜

pornographic books and magazines 榛冭壊鏇稿垔

brain drain浜烘墠娴佸け

personnel recruitment鍝″伐鎷涜仒

investment for infrastructure鍩烘湰寤鸿ō鎶曡硣

organization at grass-root level鍩哄堡绲勭箶

institutional reorganization姗熸閲嶇祫

corruption phenomenon鑵愭晽鐝�(xi脿n)璞�

offer or take bribes琛岃硠鍙楄硠

on-line love affair缍�(w菐ng)鎴€

high divorce rate/single_parent children/only child楂橀洟濠氱巼/鍠Κ瀹跺涵瀛愬コ/鐛ㄧ敓瀛愬コ

DINK (double income, no kid)涓佸厠瀹跺涵

nuclear family鏍稿績瀹跺涵

generation gap浠ｆ簼

couch potato闀锋檪闁撶湅闆昏鐨勪汉

cosmetics surgery缇庡鎵嬭

go on a diet绡€(ji茅)椋�/娓涜偉

well-balanced meals鐕熼(y菐ng)鍧囪　鐨勯鐗�

maintain a low profile淇濇寔浣庤

tendency toward boasting and exaggeration娴じ棰�

enjoy banquets using public funds鍏鍚冨枬

bad construction projects璞嗚厫娓ｅ伐绋�

welfare-oriented public housing distribution system绂忓埄鍒嗘埧

high-rise apartment building楂樺堡浣忓畢妯�

down payment棣栨湡鎸夋彮锛忛浠�

middle-class lifestyle涓敘(ch菐n)闅庣礆鐢熸椿鏂瑰紡

juvenile delinquency闈掑皯骞寸姱缃�

social stability绀炬渻瀹夊畾

community services绀惧崁(q奴)鏈嶅嫏laid-off workers涓嬪礂宸ヤ汉

trial period瑭︾敤鏈無n-the-job training; professional training宕椾綅鍩硅〒

U.N. Security Council鑱�(li谩n)鍚堝湅瀹夌悊鏈�

American dream缇庡湅澶�

Government-funded personnel studying abroad鍏不鐣欏浜哄摗

racial/sex discrimination绋棌/鎬у垾姝ц

traffic jam/ road congestion浜ら€氶樆濉�

drunk driving閰掑悗闁嬭粖violation of traffic regulations瑙哥姱浜ら€氭硶瑕�(gu墨)

rush/peak hour楂樺嘲鏅傞枔

the second/third/fourth ring road浜�/涓�/鍥涚挵(hu谩n)璺�

security personnel淇濆畨浜哄摗

X-Generation鏂版柊浜洪

globalization鍏ㄧ悆鍖�

intellectual property right鐭ヨ瓨鐢�(ch菐n)娆�

infringement on the patent right渚电姱灏堝埄娆�

E.T. (extra_terrestrial being)澶栨槦浜�

avant garde锛堣棟琛撻ⅷ鏍硷級鍓嶈(w猫i)/鍏堥嫆

quiz show锛堥浕瑕栵級蹇€熸惗绛旂瘈(ji茅)鐩�

Hollywood blockbuster濂借悐濉㈢エ鎴垮ぇ鐗�

preservation of cultural relics鏂囩墿淇濊

calisthenics/body-building exercises鍋ヨ韩鎿�

bungee jumping韫︽サ璺�

epoch-making event鍔冩檪浠ｇ殑浜嬩欢

permanent residence certificate鎴跺彛鏈�

Text 1

Being the founder of the Internet鈥檚 largest encyclopedia means Jimmy Wales gets a lot of bizarre e-mail. There are the correspondents who assume he wrote Wikipedia himself and is therefore an expert on everything—like the guy who found vials of mercury in his late grandfather鈥檚 attic and wanted Wales, a former options trader, to tell him what to do with them. But the e-mails that make him laugh out loud come from concerned newcomers who have just discovered they have total freedom to edit just about any Wikipedia entry at the click of a button. Oh my God, they write, you鈥檝e got a major security flaw!

As the old techie saying goes, it鈥檚 not a bug, it鈥檚 a feature. Wikipedia is a free open-source encyclopedia, which basically means that anyone can log on and add to or edit it. And they do. It has a stunning 1.5 million entries in 76 languages-and counting. Academics are upset by what they see as info anarchy. Loyal Wikipedians argue that collaboration improves articles over time, just as free open-source software like Linux and Firefox is more robust than for-profit competitors because thousands of amateur programmers get to look at the code and suggest changes. It鈥檚 the same principle that New Yorker writer James Surowiecki asserted in his best seller The Wisdom of Crowds: large groups of people are inherently smarter than an 茅lite few.

Wikipedia is in the vanguard of a whole wave of wikis built on that idea. A wiki is a deceptively simple piece of software (little more than five lines of computer code) that you can download for free and use to make a website that can be edited by anyone you like. Need to solve a thorny business problem overnight and all members of your team are in different time zones? Start a wiki. In Silicon Valley, at least, wiki culture has already taken root.

Inspired by Wikipedia, a Silicon Valley start-up called Socialtext has helped set up wikis at a hundred companies, including Nokia and Kodak. Business wikis are being used for project management, mission statements and cross-company collaborations. Instead of e-mailing a vital Word document to your co-workers—and creating confusion about which version is the most up-to-date—you can now literally all be on the same page: as a wiki Web page, the document automatically reflects all changes by team members. Socialtext CEO Ross Mayfield claims that accelerates project cycles 25%. 鈥淎 lot of people are afraid because they have to give up control over information,鈥� he says. 鈥淏ut in the end, wikis foster trust.鈥�

21. Why do many people think that Wikipedia has a 鈥渕ajor security flaw鈥�?

锛籄锛� It has lots of bugs.

锛籅锛� Because they don鈥檛 understand the concept of a wiki.

锛籆锛� Because Jimmy Wales is not a computer expert.

锛籇锛� Because a wiki is a simple computer code.

22. Why are many academics unhappy with the idea of a Wikipedia?

锛籄锛� Because they don鈥檛 trust online encyclopaedias.

锛籅锛� Because all information in Wikipedia is inherently unreliable.

锛籆锛� Because they believe that certain information should not be available on the internet.

锛籇锛� Because anyone can add or change the information in it.

23. Which of the following is NOT given as an advantage of a wiki?

锛籄锛� You can choose who edits it.

锛籅锛� Wiki software is free.

锛籆锛� Any bugs in the code can be changed easily.

锛籇锛� It鈥檚 easy to use.

24. Why do 鈥渨ikis foster trust鈥�?

锛籄锛� Because the people who use it need to trust the information other users post on it.

锛籅锛� Because they are used in business contexts.

锛籆锛� Because they can be used in a wide variety of situations.

锛籇锛� Because only trustworthy people use them.

25. What kind of reader is the article aimed at?

锛籄锛� Computer specialists.

锛籅锛� Academics who don鈥檛 like wikis.

锛籆锛� Computer science students.

锛籇锛� The general reader with an interest in computing.

Text 2

What to do with the jerk at work, the person who is so disliked by their colleagues that no one wants to work with them? The traditional answer is to tolerate them if they are at least half competent—on the grounds that competent jerks can be trained to be otherwise, while much loved bunglers cannot.

A recent study suggests that such an approach seriously underestimates the value of being liked. In a study of over 10,000 work relationships at five very different organisations, Tiziana Casciaro and Miguel Sousa Lobo, academics at Harvard Business School and the Fuqua School of Business respectively, found that (given the choice) people consistently and overwhelmingly prefer to work with a 鈥渓(f膩)ovable fool鈥� than with a competent jerk.

The authors suggest that as well as training jerks to be more charming—although 鈥渟adly there are people who are disliked because they are socially incompetent, and probably never will be truly charming鈥�—companies should also 鈥渓(f膩)everage the likeable鈥�. Amiable folk should be turned into 鈥渁ffective hubs鈥�, people who can bridge gaps 鈥渂etween diverse groups that might not otherwise interact鈥�.

Re-evaluating jolly types who spend long hours hanging round water coolers is currently fashionable. Ronald Burt, a sociologist at the University of Chicago and a leading proponent of 鈥渟ocial capital鈥�—an explanation of 鈥渉ow people do better because they are somehow better connected with other people鈥�—has written a book (鈥淏rokerage and Closure鈥�) in which he describes the 鈥渃lusters鈥� and 鈥渂ridges鈥� that are typical of organisations鈥� informal networks. Mr Burt calls the people who form bridges between clusters 鈥渂rokers鈥�; they resemble Ms Casciaro鈥檚 and Mr Sousa Lobo鈥檚 affective hubs. In practice, Mr Burt has found that brokers do better than people without the social skills to cross the spaces between clusters.

A book published in English this week, but already a cause c茅l猫bre in France, portrays most employees as fools—lovable or otherwise. Corinne Maier鈥檚 鈥淏onjour Laziness鈥� is a worm鈥檚 eye view of a corporate world where only three creatures exist: sheep (鈥渨eak and inoffensive鈥�); pests (鈥減oisoning the general atmosphere鈥�); and loafers (鈥渢heir only aim is to do as little as possible鈥�). In the view of Ms Maier, a practising psychoanalyst, pests (ie, jerks) rule the corporate world. (So does being a jerk give you the skills needed to get to the top? And only in France?) The rest can only hope to lie low and await their pension. But, assuming you are lovable, far better, surely, to follow the Burt route: head straight for the water cooler.

26. According to paragraph 1, what has been the traditional attitude to jerks at work?

锛籄锛� Fire them, even if they are good workers.

锛籅锛� Fire them, because they are not good workers.

锛籆锛� Accept them, if they are good workers.

锛籇锛� Accept them, because they are good workers.

27. According to the study mentioned in paragraph 2, why is this incorrect?

锛籄锛� Being liked is more important than being competent.

锛籅锛� Being liked and incompetent is worse than being disliked and competent.

锛籆锛� Being disliked and competent is worse than being liked and incompetent.

锛籇锛� Being liked and incompetent is better than being disliked and competent.

28. What could incompetent jerks be used for in companies?

锛籄锛� To enhance communication between different workgroups.

锛籅锛� For training people to be nice.

锛籆锛� For making companies appear charming.

锛籇锛� To charm people who are not particularly liked.

29. Which of the following is the best definition of 鈥渟ocial capital鈥�?

锛籄锛� The ability to use people to your advantage.

锛籅锛� The ability to form social networks.

锛籆锛� The ability to do well in life because you have connections.

锛籇锛� The ability to make business connections.

30. According to the final paragraph, lovable jerks can be considered to be

锛籄锛� sheep.锛籅锛� pests.锛籆锛� loafers.锛籇锛� none of the above.

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