绗竴澶╋細缈昏闁嬬瘒 纰哄畾閲嶉粸(di菐n)

鏂板勾鐨勮叧姝ヨ繎浜�锛�鑰冪爺浜虹殑娌栧埡涔熼枊濮嬩簡銆備粖澶╂槸鎴戝湪鍝堜經鐨勭涓€鍊�(g猫)瀛�(xu茅)鏈熺祼(ji茅)鏉熷悗鐨勭涓€澶�锛屽闈㈠帤鍘氱殑绌嶉洩浠嶅湪锛岄ⅷ(f膿ng)涔熶笉灏忥紝鎴戝湪璺笂璧扮殑鏅�(sh铆)鍊欏附瀛愯鍚归浜嗗咕娆�銆傚幓骞村樊涓嶅涔熸槸閫欏€�(g猫)鏅�(sh铆)鍊欙紝鎴戝湪鍖椾含鎾板鑰冪爺鑻辫獮娌栧埡30澶╃殑绯诲垪鏂囩珷銆傜偤浜嗙郸鍙冨姞08骞磋€冪爺鐨勬湅鍙嬫彁渚涗竴浜涘公鍔╋紝浠婂勾绻肩簩(x霉)鎾板鑰冪爺鑻辫獮娌栧埡鏂囩珷銆傚笇鏈涢€欎簺鏂囩珷绲﹀ぇ瀹舵寚榛�(di菐n)涓€浜涘京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鏂瑰悜锛屾洿甯屾湜澶у鑳藉洜姝ゅ爡(ji膩n)鎸佷笉鎳�锛岃獡閬�(d谩)鑷繁鐨勭洰妯�(bi膩o)銆�

浠婂ぉ鏄矕鍒虹殑绗竴澶�锛屾垜璎涜嫳璀饥鍟忛锛岀洰鐨勬槸璁撳悇浣嶇敱姝ょ煡閬撹嚜宸辩殑寮�(qi谩ng)寮变箣铏曪紝寰炶€岀⒑瀹氬京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鐨勯噸榛�(di菐n)銆傝嫳璀饥鏄€冪爺鑻辫獮涓竴鍊�(g猫)杓冮洠鐨勯儴鍒�锛屼笉鏄撳緱楂樺垎銆傜┒鍏跺師鍥�锛屼富瑕佹槸闆ｅ彞鍒嗘瀽銆佺⒑瀹氳缇╄垏閭忚集绲勫悎绛夋柟闈笉濂芥妸鎻�銆傞憭浜庢锛屾垜灏囧緸涓婅堪涓夊€�(g猫)鏂归潰閫�(j矛n)琛岀附绲�(ji茅)銆備粖澶╀互闆ｅ彞鐐轰緥锛岃鏄庡京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鐨勯噸榛�(di菐n)銆傞洠鍙ヤ篃鏄柋璁€閮ㄥ垎鍜屽畬鍨嬪～绌洪儴鍒嗙殑閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛屼笉閬庤嫳璀饥閮ㄥ垎鏇村姞闆嗕腑鍦拌€冩煡闆ｅ彞锛屾墍浠ヤ互鑻辫婕腑鐨勯洠鍙ョ偤渚嬫洿鑳借鏄庡晱椤�銆備竴鑸€岃█锛屽彞瀛愪腑鏈変笁鍊�(g猫)閲嶉粸(di菐n)鑸囬洠榛�(di菐n)锛�

1锛庢牳蹇冭鍖�

2锛庢牳蹇冭绲�

3锛庡彞瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

渚嬩竴锛�

But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. (2007)

鍙冭€冭鏂� 鏂拌仦?d貌ng)娴鹃倿?y墨ng)姣旀櫘閫氬叕姘戞洿鍔犻€忓竟鍦颁簡瑙ｆ硶寰嬶紝鑰岄€欑ó鐪嬫硶鏄熀浜庝粬鍊戝皪鏂拌仦濯掗珨妤�(y猫)宸茬⒑绔嬬殑瑕�(gu墨)绱勫拰鐗规畩璨�(z茅)浠荤殑鐞嗚В銆�

姝ゅ彞鐨勯噸榛�(di菐n)鑸囬洠榛�(di菐n)鏈夛細

涓€銆佹牳蹇冭鍖�

profoundly 閫忓竟鍦帮紝娣卞埢鍦�

established 宸茬⒑绔嬬殑

convention 瑕�(gu墨)绱勶紝鍏磩锛涘ぇ鏈�

浜�銆佹牳蹇冭绲�

rest on 鍩轰簬锛屼緷璩翠簬

涓�銆佸彞瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鏈彞鐨勪富骞叉槸the idea that鈥ests on an understanding of鈥�锛屽叾涓璱dea鍚庨潰鐨則hat寮曞皫(d菐o)涓€鍊�(g猫)鍚屼綅瑾炲緸鍙hat the journalist must understand the law鈥�锛岃鏄巌dea鐨勫叿楂斿収(n猫i)瀹�锛屼粙瑭炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media鍋歶nderstanding鐨勫畾瑾�銆�

渚嬩簩锛�

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? (2006)

鍙冭€冭鏂� 缇庡湅鐨勭煡璀樺垎瀛愬湪缇庡湅绀炬渻閬埌鎺掓枼骞惰瑾�(r猫n)鐐虹劇瓒宠紩閲�锛岄€欎竴瑾硶灞(sh铆)鍡庯紵

姝ゅ彞鐨勯噸榛�(di菐n)鑸囬洠榛�(di菐n)鏈夛細

涓€銆佹牳蹇冭鍖�

reject 鎺掓枼锛屾嫆绲�

浜屻€佹牳蹇冭绲�

of no account 涓嶉噸瑕�锛屾矑鏈夊児(ji脿)鍊硷紙account 閲嶈鎬�锛屽児(ji脿)鍊硷級

涓夈€佸彞瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鏈彞鐨勪富骞叉槸Is it true that鈥�锛屽叾涓璱t鏄舰寮忎富瑾烇紝that寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫緸鍙hat the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account鈥︽槸鐪熸鐨勪富瑾�銆傛湰鍙ョ殑闆ｉ粸(di菐n)鏈夛細涓€鍊�(g猫)鏄鍕�(d貌ng)瑾炴厠(t脿i)the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account锛屽彲浠ヨ綁(zhu菐n)鎻涙垚涓诲嫊(d貌ng)瑾炴厠(t脿i)Americans reject the American intellectual and consider him of no account锛涘彟涓€鍊�(g猫)鏄绲刼f no account锛堜笉閲嶈锛夌殑鐞嗚В銆�

渚嬩笁锛�

While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.(1999)

鍙冭€冭鏂� 骞句箮姣忓€�(g猫)姝峰彶瀛�(xu茅)瀹跺皪鍙插(xu茅)閮芥湁鑷繁鐨勭晫瀹氾紝浣嗙従(xi脿n)浠ｅ彶瀛�(xu茅)瀹剁殑瀵�(sh铆)韪愭渶瓒ㄥ悜浜庤獚(r猫n)鐐烘鍙插(xu茅)鏄│鍦栭噸鐝�(xi脿n)閬庡幓鐨勯噸澶у彶瀵�(sh铆)骞跺皪鍏跺仛鍑鸿В閲�銆�

姝ゅ彞鐨勯噸榛�(di菐n)鑸囬洠榛�(di菐n)鏈夛細

涓€銆佹牳蹇冭鍖�

while 闆栫劧锛岀洝绠�

practice 瀵�(sh铆)韪�锛屽仛娉�

closely 绶婂瘑鍦�

attempt 瑭﹀湒锛屽槜瑭�

recreate 閲嶇従(xi脿n)锛屽啀鐝�(xi脿n)

浜�銆佹牳蹇冭绲�

conform to 绗﹀悎锛岄爢鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢伒瀹�

see鈥s 鎶娾€︾湅浣�

涓�銆佸彞瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鏈彞鏄竴鍊�(g猫)寰�(f霉)鍚堝彞锛岄枊濮嬫槸while寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勮畵姝ョ媭瑾炲緸鍙�锛屽叾涓璦s many鈥s鈥︾殑鎰忔€濇槸鈥滃儚鈥︿竴妯ｅ鈥�锛岄偅涔堥€欎竴寰炲彞鐨勫瓧闈㈡剰鎬濆氨鏄€滄湁澶氬皯姝峰彶瀛�(xu茅)瀹�锛屽咕涔庡氨鏈夊灏戔€樻鍙测€欑殑瀹氱京鈥�锛涙帴钁楁槸涓诲彞modern practice most closely conforms to one鈥�锛屽畾瑾炲緸鍙hat sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past淇＞鍏堣瑭瀘ne锛屽叾涓璷ne鎸囧墠闈㈢殑definition銆�

涓婇潰涓夊€�(g猫)渚嬪瓙琛ㄦ槑浜嗕竴鑸彞瀛�锛屽挨鍏舵槸闆ｅ彞鐨勯噸榛�(di菐n)鑸囬洠榛�(di菐n)锛氭牳蹇冭鍖€佹牳蹇冭绲勮垏鍙ュ瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆傚叾涓牳蹇冭鍖張鍖呮嫭鐔熻鍍荤京锛屽涓婇潰鐨刟ccount锛堥噸瑕佹€�锛屽児(ji脿)鍊硷級鐢ㄧ殑鏄潪甯歌鎰忕京锛屽叾甯歌鎰忕京鏄€滄晿杩扳€�锛岃€寃hile锛堥洊鐒�锛岀洝绠★級姝よ檿鐢ㄧ殑涔熸槸闈炲父瑕嬫剰缇┿€傝鍋氬埌鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)杩呴€熺牬瑙ｉ洠榛�(di菐n)銆佹妸鎻￠噸榛�(di菐n)锛屽氨蹇呴爤鎵撳ソ閫欐柟闈㈢殑鍩虹(ch菙)銆傛帴涓嬩締鐨勫咕澶╂垜鏈冪附绲�(ji茅)鑰冪爺鑻辫獮鍩虹(ch菙)涓殑閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛岀偤鍚庨潰鐨勮€冭│鎶€宸ф彁鐓夊仛婧�(zh菙n)鍌�銆傚湪鍝堜經甯歌伣鍒拌帋澹瘮浜炵殑涓€鍙ヨ┍锛屼綔鐐轰粖澶╃殑绲�(ji茅)鏉熻獮锛欰n honest tale speeds best being plainly told锛堣獱瀵�(sh铆)鐨勮┍锛屽嵆浣夸互骞虫贰鐨勬柟寮忚瑳锛屼篃鍌冲緱鏈€蹇級銆�

锛堟湰鏂囧弮鑰冧簡鏉庡偝鍋夌法钁楃殑銆�2008骞磋€冪爺鑻辫獮鐪熼闀烽洠鍙ョ獊鐮淬€嬶級