绗叚澶╋細鎶撲綇鍩虹 瑭炲彞鐐哄厛---鏍稿績瑭炵祫绡囦箣涓€

鍦ㄥ京缈�鑰冪爺鑻辫獮鐨勬檪鍊�锛岃ū澶氬悓瀛稿彧娉ㄦ剰瑷樺柈瑭�锛屽緢灏戣姳鏅傞枔鐔熸倝瑭炵祫銆傞€欐槸寰╃繏鐨勪竴鍊嬭鍗€(q奴)锛屼篃鏄缈掔殑涓€鍊嬭鍗€(q奴)銆傚悗鏋滀箣涓€鏄彞瀛愰噷鐨勮閮借獚璀�锛屼絾鏄劇娉曠悊瑙ｅ叾鎰忔€�锛屾垨鑰呰嚜浠ョ偤鏄庣櫧浜嗭紝鍏跺鐞嗚В鐨勬剰鎬濇槸閷殑銆傚鐢ㄨ嫳瑾為噷鐨勪竴鍙ヨ┍锛屽彨鍋氣€滀笉鐔熸倝瑭炵祫鎵€閫犳垚鐨勫嵄瀹冲啀鎬庝箞瑾篃涓嶇偤閬庘€�銆備笅闈互2005骞磋€冪爺鑻辫獮闁辫畝閮ㄥ垎绗竴绡囨枃绔犻娈电偤渚嬶細

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as 鈥渁ll too human鈥�, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

鏂囦腑鐨勯粦楂旓紙绯绘湰鏂囦綔鑰呮墍鍔狅級浠ｈ〃鐨勬槸鍚屼竴鍊嬭绲勶細all too锛堥潪甯�锛屽お锛夈€傚鏋滀笉瑾嶈瓨閫欏€嬭绲�锛屽皪鍘熸枃鐨勭悊瑙ｅ氨鏈冩墦鎶樻墸锛岃€屽皪浜庢枃绔犲悗闈㈢殑鍟忛锛堟纰虹瓟妗堢偤[B]锛変篃闆ｄ互椐曢Ν锛�

The statement 鈥渋t is all too monkey鈥� (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that

[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.

[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys鈥� nature.

[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.

[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

鐒＄崹鏈夊伓锛岄€欎竴骞撮柋璁€閮ㄥ垎绗洓绡囨枃绔犵殑绗竴椤岀殑姝ｇ⒑绛旀涔熷寘鍚玜ll too閫欏€嬭绲�銆�

According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English

[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms.

[B] is but all too natural in language development.

[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.

[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.

鐢变笂鍙煡锛岀啛鎮夎绲勭殑鎰忕京閲嶅ぇ銆傚皬鑷宠€冭│锛屽ぇ鑷冲缈�锛屾垚姣€鏈夋檪绯讳簬灏忓皬鐨勮绲勩€傜偤浣曞姝�锛熺悊鐢辨槸瑭炵祫鐐鸿獮瑷€涓凡绲愭櫠鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛屽緢闆ｇ敱鍏朵腑鐨勫柈瑭炲垽鏂峰叾婧栫⒑鎰忔€�銆傞憭浜庢锛屽繀闋堜笅澶у姛澶啛鎮夐€欏叐澶╁垪鍑虹殑鏍稿績瑭炵祫銆傛敞鎰忥細閫欎簺瑭炵祫鏄寜骞寸附绲愮殑锛屼笉鎸夊瓧姣嶉爢搴�銆�

浠婂ぉ鐨勭祼鏉熻獮鏄編鍦嬭嫳瑾炰腑鐨勪竴鍊嬭〃閬旀硶锛歴ix of one and half a dozen of the other锛堝崐鏂ゅ叓鍏�——瀛楅潰鎰忔€濇槸鈥滀竴鍊嬪叚鍊�锛屽彟涓€鍊嬪崐鎵撯€濓級銆�

鏍稿績瑭炵祫锛�1994-2000锛�

interfere with 骞叉摼

break down涓柗锛屽嚭鏁呴殰

at all 瀹屽叏锛屾牴鏈�

cast light on 浣挎槑鐧�锛岄棥鏄�

by contrast鑸囦箣鐩稿弽锛岃垏鈥﹀舰鎴愬皪姣旂殑鏄�

be marked by鐗归粸鏄�锛屼互鈥︾偤鐗归粸

coupled with鍔犱笂锛涜垏鈥︾浉绲愬悎

respond to灏嶁€︿綔鍑哄弽鎳�

in response to浣滅偤灏嶁€︾殑鍙嶆噳

on the horizon鍗冲皣渚嗚嚚鐨�

keep track of瑷橀寗锛岃窡涓娾€︾殑閫插睍

be aware of鎰忚瓨鍒�锛岀煡閬�

pass on to鍌抽仦绲�

adapt鈥o浣库€﹂仼鎳�

profit from寰炩€︾嵅鐩�

there and then鍦ㄧ暥鏅傜暥?sh霉)?锛岀暥鍫�锛岀珛?

account for瑾槑锛堝師鍥犵瓑锛�锛屽崰锛堟瘮渚嬬瓑锛�

how come鐐轰綍锛屸€︽槸鎬庝箞鍥炰簨

begin with濮嬩簬

in the long run寰為暦閬犱締鐪�锛屾渶绲�

be bound to娉ㄥ畾锛屽繀瀹�

know of鐭ラ亾锛屼簡瑙�

apart from 闄や簡锛涘垎闁�

live up to瀵︾従(xi脿n)锛屽仛鍒�

touch on鎻愬強锛屾秹鍙�

turn to鈥or鍚戔€﹁珛鏁欐垨姹傚姪

in dispute铏曚簬鐖涓�锛屽湪鐖珫涓�

such鈥s to濡傛鈥︿互鑷�

used to閬庡幓甯稿父

bring about寮曡捣锛屽付渚�

in the long term寰為暦閬犱締鐪�

pass away娑堝け锛涢€濅笘

take to閬╂噳锛涘皪鈥︿綔鍑哄弽鎳�

as yet鍒扮洰鍓嶇偤姝�

be based on浠モ€︾偤鍩虹

stand for浠ｈ〃

turn back鎶樺洖锛岃繑鍥�锛涙敼璁婂仛娉�

play one鈥檚 part璧蜂綔鐢�

on the part of灏扁€︿締瑾紱鍦ㄢ€︿竴閭�

be true of 灏嶁€﹂仼鐢�锛岀鍚�

as well涔�

on the grounds of鍩轰簬鈥︾悊鐢�锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)

lie in鍦ㄤ簬

associated with鑸団€︽湁闂滅郴锛岃垏鈥︾浉鑱�(li谩n)绯�

come to鈥﹂枊濮�锛岄€愭几

take off闁嬪锛岄枊濮嬫祦琛�锛涜捣椋�

at the mercy of 浠绘啈鈥︾殑鎿哄竷锛屽畬鍏ㄥ彈鈥︾殑鏀厤

in return for浣滅偤灏嶁€︾殑鍥炲牨

stop short of 宸竴榛炲氨鈥�

preside over涓绘寔锛屼富绠�

on average骞冲潎锛屼竴鑸€岃█

give thought to 鑰冩叜

attach to璨间笂锛岀郴涓�锛涗娇闄勫爆锛屼娇渚濇垁

apply to 閬╃敤锛涙噳鐢�

long for娓存湜

in danger of鏈夆€﹀嵄闅�锛屽彈鍒扳€﹀▉鑴�

in common鍏辨湁锛屽叡鍚�锛涘叡鐢�

play a role 鐧�(f膩)鎻綔鐢�

make up妲嬫垚

on the contrary鑸囦箣鐩稿弽

with respect to鐩稿皪浜�锛涢棞浜�锛岃嚦浜�

hold鈥iable for璁撯€﹀皪鈥﹁矤璨�

have one鈥檚 way鑷富琛屼簨锛岄毃蹇冩墍娆�

access to閫插叆锛屾帴杩�

think highly of灏嶁€﹁⿻鍍瑰緢楂�

resort to姹傚姪浜�锛岃ù璜�

look back鍥為¨

argue for鏀寔锛涜珫璀�

on behalf of浠ｈ〃

aim at鐩殑鍦ㄤ簬锛岀瀯婧�

in any case鐒¤珫濡備綍锛屽湪浠讳綍鎯呮硜涓�

a host of鐪惧锛屽ぇ閲�

be opposed to鍙嶅皪

call for瑕佹眰

in practice鍦ㄥ韪愪腑锛屽闅涗笂

carry out 鍩�(zh铆)琛岋紝瀵︾従(xi脿n)

discriminate against姝ц

in favor of鏀寔锛岃磰鍚�

at the heart of浣嶄簬鈥︾殑涓績

attribute鈥o灏団€︽鍥犱簬

yield to璁撲綅浜庯紝灞堟湇浜�

take advantage of鍒╃敤

compared to鑸団€︾浉姣�锛涙瘮浣�

ignorant of灏嶁€︾劇鐭�锛屼笉鐭ラ亾鈥�

find out寮勬竻

with regard to闂滀簬锛涘氨鈥﹁€岃珫

in brief绨¤€岃█涔�

speed up鍔犻€�

typical of鏄€︾殑鍏稿瀷鐗瑰緛

come of age 鎴愬勾

worthy of鍊煎緱

at an end瀹岀祼锛涜€楃洝

follow from鐢扁€︾敘(ch菐n)鐢�锛岀敱鈥︽帹鏂�

as usual鍍忓線甯镐竴妯ｏ紝鐓т緥

not so much...as... 鑸囧叾瑾�...涓嶅瑾�

in short绨¤€岃█涔�

derive鈥rom 寰炩€︿腑鐛插緱锛堟垨鐢�(ch菐n)鐢燂級

at the expense of浠モ€︾偤浠ｅ児

depend on鍙栨焙浜�

compensate for 褰岃锛岃鍎燂紝璩犲劅

to some extent鍦ㄤ竴瀹氱▼搴︿笂

in detail瑭崇窗鍦�

from time to time涓嶆檪锛屾湁鏅�

related to鑸団€︽湁闂�

as opposed to鑸団€︾浉灏嶏紙鎴栫浉鍙嶏級锛岃€屼笉鏄�

deal with铏曠悊

give rise to灏庤嚧锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢�

consent to鍚屾剰锛岄粯瑾�

at the outset涓€闁嬪

equivalent to 绛変簬锛岃垏鈥︾瓑鍊�

in turn鍙�锛涗緷娆�锛岃吉娴�

in action鍦ㄨ捣浣滅敤锛涘湪绌嶆サ娲诲嫊涓�

look into瑙€娓�锛涜(di脿o)鏌�

at once鍚屾檪锛屼竴璧�锛涚珛鍒�

conform to 绗﹀悎锛岄爢鎳�锛涢伒瀹�

arise from鐢扁€﹀紩璧凤紝鐢扁€︾敘(ch菐n)鐢�

in general 涓€鑸�锛岄€氬父

identify鈥ith鎶娾€﹁垏鈥︾瓑鍚岃捣渚�

equate鈥ith鈥﹀皣鈥︾瓑鍚屼簬鈥�

be bound up with鑸団€﹀瘑鍒囩浉闂�

rest upon渚濊炒

set up寤虹珛

owing to鐢变簬

be exposed to鎺ヨЦ锛屾毚闇蹭簬鈥︿腑

put鈥nto effect瀵﹁锛岀敓鏁�