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銆€銆€Text 1

銆€?銆佽步f all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戞粎绲曞斧澶�?锛�?the most)鏈彞鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鈥滈亷鍘婚€欎簺骞�鑻辫獮鍫�(b脿o)绱欎笂鎵€鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鏈€鏈夊奖闊垮姏鐨勮畩鍖栫殑鍙兘鏄棟琛�(sh霉)瑭�(p铆ng)璜栫殑鍦ㄥ牨(b脿o)閬撹寖鍦嶅拰鍤�(y谩n)鑲呮€х殑澧惤鈥濄€�

銆€?銆佽卜t is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. 鈶et a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. 鈶� To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戔憼to the point of 鈥滃埌鈥﹀湴姝モ€�  鈶¤綁(zhu菐n)鎶�?锛�?锛屽嚭21椤�銆� 鈥滅劧鑰岋紝鍦�20涓栫磤(j矛)澶ч噺鐨勬渶閲嶈鐨勬壒瑭�(p铆ng)闆嗘槸鏈夊牨(b脿o)绱�?ji膩n)u璜栫祫鎴愮殑銆傗€濇湰鍙ュ挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)20涓栫磤(j矛)鐨勫牨(b脿o)绱�?ji膩n)u璜栨暩(sh霉)閲忓緢澶�銆傗憿娌胯憲涓婂彞鐨勬剰鎬濊珫杩帮細濡備粖璁€鍒伴€欐ǎ鐨勬浉鐨勪汉涓嶇鏈�(hu矛)灏�(du矛)涓嬮潰閫欏€�(g猫)浜嬪(sh铆)鎰熷埌椹氳锛氶€欎簺瑭�(p铆ng)璜栦箣鍓嶇珶鐒惰瑾�(r猫n)鐐洪仼鍚堝湪闈㈠悜澶х溇鐨勬棩?q菒ng)?b脿o)涓婂垔鐧�銆�

銆€銆€21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that

銆€銆€A arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers銆�

銆€銆€B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews銆�

銆€銆€C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers銆�

銆€銆€D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies銆�

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆態 鐢辩涓€娈电殑 鈶燿ecline in scope 鍜岀浜屾鐨勨憽a considerable number 閮藉湪寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)浠ュ墠鐨勫牨(b脿o)绱欓棞(gu膩n)浜庤棟琛�(sh霉)瑭�(p铆ng)璜栨暩(sh霉)閲忓緢澶�锛屾墍浠ラ伕鎿嘊

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慉 姣旇純瀹规槗鎺掗櫎銆傝垏绗竴娈碘憼鐭涚浘锛屽師鏂囧彧鏄decline, 鍗充笅闄�锛屾矑鏈夎娑堝け(disappear)

銆€銆€C 姣旇純瀹规槗鎺掗櫎銆傗€滈珮璩�(zh矛)閲忕殑鍫�(b脿o)绱欐湭鍠け澶ч噺鐨勮畝鑰呪€�銆傜劇涓敓鏈夈€�

銆€銆€D 寮�(qi谩ng)骞叉摼闋�(xi脿ng)銆傗€滃勾杓曠殑璁€鑰呮嚪鐤戝牨(b脿o)绱欎笂鐨勮⿻(p铆ng)璜栦笉鍚堥仼鈥�銆傚師鏂団憿锛氥€婄墰娲ラ珮闅庤嫳婕㈤洐瑙h鍏搞€媘arvel v be very surprised (and often admiring) 澶х偤椹氳(甯稿惈璐婂槅涔嬫剰)锛岃〃鏄庡叾瀵�(sh铆)璁€鑰呮槸璐婂悓锛氶€欎簺瑭�(p铆ng)璜栧彲浠ュ啀鍫�(b脿o)绱欎笂鍒婄櫥鐨�銆傞€欓噷鐨刣oubt 琛ㄧず鎳风枒锛屾墍浠ヨ垏marvel鎰忔€濈浉鍙�銆�

銆€?銆�?nbsp; We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. 鈶n those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. 鈶heirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. 鈶hese men believed in journalism as a calling , and were proud to be published in the daily press. 鈶�'So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,' Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".'

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戔憼鍚﹀畾?锛�?unfocused)鍑�22椤�銆傛壙鎺ヤ笂鏂囷紝涓婃枃璎涙垜鍊戠殑瑭�(p铆ng)璜栨暩(sh霉)閲忔笡灏�锛岄€欓噷绻肩簩(x霉)璎涙垜鍊戠敋鑷抽洟20涓栫磤(j矛)鍒濆埌浜屾埌(zh脿n)鏈熼枔鐨勫牨(b脿o)绱�?ji膩n)u璜栦篃鐩稿樊寰堥仩(yu菐n)銆侲ven farther removed from 琛ㄦ槑浣滆€呯殑鎯嬫儨涔嬫儏銆傗憽 in detail and at length鈥滆┏绱�(x矛)鐨勨€濃憿 serious鈥滃毚(y谩n)鑲呯殑鈥濃懀calling鈥滃皪(du矛)鍋氭煇闋�(xi脿ng)宸ヤ綔鐨勫挤(qi谩ng)鐑堟鏈涙垨璨�(z茅)浠绘劅鈥� proud鈥滈⿻鍌测€� 涓婇潰鐨勯€欎簺瑭為兘琛ㄦ槑浜屾埌(zh脿n)鍓嶇殑鍫�(b脿o)绱�?ji膩n)u璜栫殑棰�(f膿ng)鏍笺€傗懁鍚﹀畾?锛�?锛屽嚭23椤�?锛佽€欒櫦?锛屽咕涔庢矑鏈変汉鏈夎冻澶犵殑鏅烘収鎴栨枃瀛�(xu茅)澶╄肠鍦ㄦ柊鑱炰簨妤�(y猫)涓婃垚灏辫嚜宸�锛屾垜鏇村枩姝″惂鏂拌仦浜嬫キ(y猫)瀹氱京鐐衡€滆鍋囦綔瀹舵仴杈卞湴浣跨敤浜嗙殑琛�(sh霉)瑾�锛屽皪(du矛)鐪熶綔瀹朵締瑾�锛屼粬鍊戜笉瓒虫帥榻掆€�銆傗€濆叾瀵�(sh铆)鏈彞瑭变腑Newman wrote,鍚庨潰鐨勬牴鏈笉闇€瑕佺湅鎳�銆�

銆€銆€22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized by

銆€銆€A free themes銆�

銆€銆€B casual style銆�

銆€銆€C elaborate layout銆�

銆€銆€D radical viewpoints銆�

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆慉 unfocused鐨勮嫳鏂囪В閲嬶細not concentrated at one point or upon one objective, free鐨勮嫳鏂囪В閲嬫槸unrestricted锛屾墍浠(p铆ng)nfocused = free ,灞簬鍚岀京鏇挎彌銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆�

銆€銆€B 璜�(q菒ng)鐪嬨€婄墰娲ラ珮闅庤嫳婕㈤洐瑙h鍏搞€嬪瓧鍏稿皪(du矛)casual 鐨勮В閲嬶細(a)made or done without much care or thought; offhand 涓嶇稉(j墨ng)鎰忕殑锛� 闅ㄤ究鐨勶紱 棣檸鐨�锛� 鑷ㄦ檪(sh铆)鐨�(b) (derog 璨�) showing little concern; nonchalant; irresponsible 婕犱笉闂�(gu膩n)蹇冪殑锛� 鐒″嫊(d貌ng)鏂艰》鐨�锛� 涓嶈矤(f霉)璨�(z茅)浠荤殑(c) not methodical or thorough; not serious 鐒℃鐞嗙殑锛� 涓嶅竟搴曠殑锛� 涓嶈獚(r猫n)鐪熺殑 銆傞€欏咕鍊�(g猫)鎰忔€濋兘鏄拰鈶� in detail and at length鈥滆┏绱�(x矛)鐨勨€濃憿 serious鈥滃毚(y谩n)鑲呯殑鈥濃懀calling鈥滃皪(du矛)鍋氭煇闋�(xi脿ng)宸ヤ綔鐨勫挤(qi谩ng)鐑堟鏈涙垨璨�(z茅)浠绘劅鈥� proud鈥滈⿻鍌测€濈浉鐭涚浘鐨勩€傛墍浠ヤ笉閬�銆�

銆€銆€C 寮�(qi谩ng)骞叉摼闋�(xi脿ng)銆俥laborate 鍙互鏇挎彌鍘熸枃涓殑in detail 锛屼絾鏄痩ayout(甯冨眬)鐒′腑鐢熸湁锛屾墍浠ユ湰椤岃垏鍘熸枃涓嶇浉绗﹀悎銆�

銆€銆€D radical 婵€閫�(j矛n)鐨� 鐒′腑鐢熸湁銆�

銆€銆€23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?

銆€銆€A It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals銆�

銆€銆€B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists銆�

銆€銆€C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism銆�

銆€銆€D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing銆�

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆慏 灏�(du矛)鈶ゅ悓缇╂浛鎻�銆侳ew= not all 锛宧ave brains enough or literary gift enough=capable of

銆€銆€娉ㄦ剰锛欴閬搁爡(xi脿ng)涓璶ot all灞簬閮ㄥ垎鍚﹀畾锛岃獮姘e濠�锛屽湪閬搁爡(xi脿ng)涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)寰€寰€姝g⒑銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慉 journalistic goals(鏂拌仦妤�(y猫)鐨勭洰妯�(bi膩o))锛岀劇涓敓鏈�銆�

銆€銆€B 鈥滀綔瀹舵垚鐐鸿鑰呮槸鍊煎緱閯欒鐨�?锛佽扛c鈶g殑proud (鑷豹鐨�)鐩稿弽銆�

銆€銆€C 鈥滀綔鑰呭鏄撹鏂拌仦妤�(y猫)鍚稿紩鈥�銆傚皪(du矛)鈶ゅ伔姊佹彌鏌�銆傚師鏂囪鐨勬槸琚玠efine "journalism" as鈥� 鎵€鍚稿紩锛岃€屼笉鏄journalism鎵€鍚稿紩銆�

銆€?銆佽硟nfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. 鈶eville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. 鈶uring his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. 鈶e was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. 鈶et only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. 鈶犫憽鈶⑩懀鈶�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戔憼鍚﹀畾甯歌€�+娈甸?锛熻倢锛佸畨鎭嶄笟姘栫壍顑篅浜涙壒瑭�(p铆ng)瀹�?gu墨)缂€閱g厡顝炴禑?銆傗€濊█瑾炰箣闁撴槸浣滆€呭皪(du矛)鍫�(b脿o)绱�?ji膩n)u璜栧钀界殑鎯嬫儨涔嬫儏銆傗憽-鈶ゆ槸鑸塏eville Cardus鐨勪緥瀛愪締璜栬瓑浠ュ墠鐨勮⿻(p铆ng)璜栧鎬庝箞琚繕瑷樼殑锛屽彲浠ョ暐璁€銆�

銆€?銆佽卜s there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? 鈶he prospect seems remote. 鈶ournalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. 鈶oreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戔憼鐗规畩妯�(bi膩o)榛�(di菐n)甯歌€�锛屽嚭25椤�銆傜瓎鑰呭湪瑾插爞涓弽寰�(f霉)寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鍟忚櫉(h脿o)鏄繀鑰冪殑銆傗€淐ardus'閭fǎ鐨勮⿻(p铆ng)璜栨渻(hu矛)閲嶇従(xi脿n)鍡�锛熶笉澶彲鑳斤紒鈥濆啀涓€娆¢粸(di菐n)鏄庝簡浣滆€呮墍瑷庤珫鐨勪腑蹇冿細鍫�(b脿o)绱欒妤�(y猫)鐨勫钀�(decline)锛岃娉ㄦ剰decline鑸団憼涓殑revival鏄弽缇╄銆傗憿璎涚悊鐢�锛屽嚭24椤�銆�

銆€銆€24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?

銆€銆€A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today銆�

銆€銆€B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute銆�

銆€銆€C His style caters largely to modern specialists銆�

銆€銆€D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition銆�

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆慉 鈶㈣ 鏂拌仦妤�(y猫)鐨勫搧鍛冲凡缍�(j墨ng)鏀硅畩锛岃畝鑰呬笉闇€瑕�(have little use for)浠栨墍鎿呴暦(zh菐ng)鐨勯ⅷ(f膿ng)鏍硷紝鎵€浠ardus's criticism涓嶅彲鑳藉京(f霉)铇�銆傝€孉 Cardus's criticism涔熻ū涓嶈兘鍚稿紩鐣�(d膩ng)浠婄殑璁€鑰�銆� 娉ㄦ剰have little use for= not appeal to

銆€銆€鍚屾檪(sh铆)鏈伕闋�(xi脿ng)閭勬湁may,閫欏€�(g猫)瑾炴埃濮斿〾鐨勮锛岀鍚堥粌鍥涒€滄纰虹瓟妗堣獮姘e濠夆€�銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆態 鍘熸枃娌掓湁鎻愬埌浠栫殑鍚嶈伈鏈夌埈(zh膿ng)璀�锛屾墍浠ョ劇涓敓鏈夈€�

銆€銆€C 鈥滀粬鐨勯ⅷ(f膿ng)鏍肩鍚堢従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑灏堝鈥濊垏鏈鏈€鍚庝竴鍙ョ浉鐭涚浘銆�

銆€銆€D 绉昏姳鎺ユ湪锛屾槸鍒╃敤鏈€鍚庝竴鍙ヨ┍绶ㄩ€犵殑閬搁爡(xi脿ng)銆�

銆€銆€25. What would be the best title for the text?

銆€銆€A Newspapers of the Good Old Days

銆€銆€B The Lost Horizon in Newspapers

銆€銆€C Mournful Decline of Journalism

銆€銆€D Prominent Critics in Memory

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆戜富鏃ㄩ锛屽彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄤ覆绶氭硶瑙e嚭鏈銆傜涓€娈甸枊瀹楁槑缇╋細閬庡幓閫欎簺骞磋嫳瑾炲牨(b脿o)绱欎笂鎵€鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鏈€鏈夊奖闊垮姏鐨勮畩鍖栫殑鍙兘鏄棟琛�(sh霉)瑭�(p铆ng)璜栫殑鍦ㄥ牨(b脿o)閬撹寖鍦嶅拰鍤�(y谩n)鑲呮€х殑澧惤(decline)銆傜浜屾鎵挎帴绗竴娈电殑鎰忔€�銆傜涓夋棣栧彞锛氣€滀笉骞哥殑鏄紝閫欎簺鎵硅⿻(p铆ng)瀹�?gu墨)缂€閱g厡顝炴禑?銆傗€濊█瑾炰箣闁撴槸浣滆€呭皪(du矛)鍫�(b脿o)绱�?ji膩n)u璜栧钀界殑鎯嬫儨涔嬫儏銆傜鍥涙锛氣€淐ardus'閭fǎ鐨勮⿻(p铆ng)璜栨渻(hu矛)閲嶇従(xi脿n)鍡�锛熶笉澶彲鑳�锛佲€濆啀涓€娆¢粸(di菐n)鏄庝簡浣滆€呮墍瑷庤珫鐨勪腑蹇冿細鍫�(b脿o)绱欒妤�(y猫)鐨勫钀�(decline)锛屾墍浠锛氫护浜烘儖鎯滅殑鏂拌仦妤�(y猫)鐨勫钀�銆俶ournful 鏄�澶х侗瑭炲尟銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慉 鈥滃牨(b脿o)绱欒妤�(y猫)閬庡幓鐨勯粌閲戞鏈堚€�銆傛矑鏈夐粸(di菐n)鍑轰綔鑰呭皪(du矛)鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑鍫�(b脿o)绱欑殑鎯嬫儨涔嬫儏

銆€銆€B 鈥滃牨(b脿o)绱欒妤�(y猫)鐨勬秷澶辩殑瑕栭噹鈥� 鏈伕闋�(xi脿ng)鐨勯尟(cu貌)瑾ら鍨嬪拰A涓€妯�銆�

銆€銆€D 鈥滆鎲朵腑鐨勬澃鍑虹殑瑭�(p铆ng)璜栧鈥濇湰鏂囩殑涓績涓嶆槸鎳锋垁閬庡幓锛岃€屾槸鎵瑰垽鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑澧惤銆�

銆€銆€Text 2

銆€銆€Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its 鈥渙ne-click鈥� online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box銆�

銆€銆€鏈鏄儗鏅锛岃瑳閬庡幓鐨勪簨鎯�銆傚彧闇€鐪嬫噦绗竴鍙モ€滈亷鍘荤殑骞惧崄骞翠腑锛屼笂鍗冨€�(g猫)鍟嗘キ(y猫)鏂规硶琚巿浜堝皥鍒�銆傗€�

銆€銆€Now the nation鈥檚 top patent court appears completely-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In the Bilski, as the case is known, is a 鈥渧ery big deal鈥濓紝 says Dennis鈥橠 Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It 鈥渉as the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents?锛�?/p>

銆€銆€鏈杞�(zhu菐n)鎶�?锛佺毄顣�?hu矛)鐢ㄤ竴鍊�(g猫)妗堜緥渚嗗叏闈㈠鏌ュ晢妤�(y猫)鏂规硶灏堝埄鈥濄€傛渶鍚庝竴鍙モ€滃畠鏈夊彲鑳芥帓闄や竴绋皥鍒�(鍗充笂鏂囩殑business-method patent)鈥�

銆€銆€26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of

銆€銆€[A] their limited value to business

銆€銆€[B] their connection with asset allocation

銆€銆€[C] the possible restriction on their granting

銆€銆€[D] the controversy over authorization

銆€銆€閬竅C]锛屾牴姝h嫍绱呯殑鍚岀京鏇挎彌銆俻ossible= potential 锛� eliminate= restriction

銆€銆€[A] 鐒′腑鐢熸湁 [B] 鐢ㄧ涓€娈电殑涓€鍊�(g猫)灏忎緥瀛愪腑鐨勭窗(x矛)绡€(ji茅)鎹忛€犻伕闋�(xi脿ng) [D] controversy 鐒′腑鐢熸湁銆�

銆€銆€27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?

銆€銆€[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions

銆€銆€[B] It involves a very big business transaction

銆€銆€[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit

銆€銆€[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S銆�

銆€銆€閬竅D] potential= may ,change 灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)钁楃涓€娈靛拰绗簩娈典箣闁撶殑杞�(zhu菐n)鎶�銆傚緸鏈鐨剅eview锛宔liminate涔熷彲浠ョ湅鍑洪€欐槸涓€绋綁(zhu菐n)鎶�銆�

銆€銆€鍏ㄦ枃涓€鐩存矑鏈夎瑳Bilski case鐨勫垽姹虹殑绲�(ji茅)鏋�锛岃€� [A] [C]閮芥槸鍦ㄨ瑳鍏跺垽姹虹祼(ji茅)鏋滐紝鎵€浠ヨ垏鍘熸枃鐩稿弽銆�

銆€銆€[B] 鏄緸鍘熸枃鈥� a 鈥渧ery big deal鈥濃€濆瓧闈㈡剰璀�(sh铆)鍑虹櫦(f膩)瑷�(sh猫)缃殑骞叉摼閬搁爡(xi脿ng)銆俛 big deal 鍏跺(sh铆)鍦ㄨ嫳鏂囦腑鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鈥滈噸瑕佲€�锛岃€屼笉鏄€滅敓鎰�(transaction)鈥�

銆€銆€鏈[D]閭勬湁may ,姝g⒑绛旀寰€寰€瑾炴埃濮斿〾锛屾墍浠ユ洿鍔犵⒑瀹氶伕閫欏€�(g猫)閬搁爡(xi脿ng)銆�

銆€銆€Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice銆�

銆€銆€28. The word 鈥渁bout-face鈥� (Line 1,Para 3) most probably means

銆€銆€[A] loss of good will

銆€銆€[B] increase of hostility

銆€銆€[C] change of attitude

銆€銆€[D] enhancement of disnity

銆€銆€鏈鏄鍖锛屼竴瀹氳杩斿洖鍘熸枃閫氶亷涓婁笅鏂囪В椤�銆侭ecause 涔嬪墠鏄灏�(du矛)business-method 鐨勭磩鏉�(curbs)锛岃€宐ecause涔嬪悗瑾殑鏄€滄鏄伅(li谩n)閭﹀鍒ゅ紩鍏ヤ簡business-method鈥�锛屾墍浠ヤ簩鑰呬箣闁撹嚜鐒惰〃鏄庝簡鏄€滄厠(t脿i)搴︾殑杞�(zhu菐n)璁娾€濄€傛墍浠ラ伕[C]

銆€銆€The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.  The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court鈥檚 judges, rather than a typical panel of three and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should 鈥渞econsider鈥� its state street Bank ruling銆�

銆€銆€鏈绗竴鍙ヨ┍娌掓湁鐪嬫噦锛岀洿鎺ヨ烦閬�銆傜浜屽彞璎涒€滆伅(li谩n)閭﹀鍒よ姹傞€欏€�(g猫)妗堝瓙瑕�12鍊�(g猫)娉曞畼瀵╋紝鑰屼笉鏄櫘閫氱殑3浜哄皬绲�锛屽苟涓旇姹傚垽鏂锋槸鍚﹁閲嶆柊鑰冩叜涔嬪墠鐨凚ank ruling鈥� 鐢辨湰鍙ュ彲浠ユ帓闄�29 [A]

銆€銆€The Federal Circuit鈥檚 action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for 鈥渋nventions鈥� that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are 鈥渞eacting to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court鈥濓紝 says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School銆�

銆€銆€in the wake of= after 銆傜涓€鍙ワ細鏈€楂樻硶闄㈠凡缍�(j墨ng)娓涘皯浜嗗皪(du矛)灏堝埄鎸佹湁鑰呯殑淇濊(h霉)(protection)銆傝€�29[C] 娓涘皯浜嗗皪(du矛)灏堝埄鎸佹湁鑰呯殑灏婇噸(esteem)銆傚叾涓璭steem鏄皪(du矛)protection鐨勫伔姊佹彌鏌�銆傜浜屽彞锛氳垑渚嬪瓙銆傛硶瀹樼櫦(f膩)鍑轰俊铏�(h脿o)锛� too many (閬庡鐨勫皥鍒╄鎺堜簣浜�)锛岃〃鏄庢硶闄㈣獚(r猫n)鐐哄緢澶歜usiness-method 涓嶆噳(y墨ng)瑭茶鎺堜簣锛屾墍浠ラ伕[B] too many =often unnecessarily.  [D]鐒′腑鐢熸湁銆�

銆€銆€29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents

銆€銆€[A] are immune to legal challenges

銆€銆€[B] are often unnecessarily issued

銆€銆€[C] lower the esteem for patent holders

銆€銆€[D] increase the incidence of risks

銆€銆€瑕嬩笂鏂囩殑瑙f瀽銆傛湰椤孾A] [B] 鍏╅爡(xi脿ng)鐩稿弽蹇呭幓鍏朵竴銆�

銆€銆€30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?

銆€銆€[A] A looming threat to business-method patents

銆€銆€[B] Protection for business-method patent holders

銆€銆€[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents

銆€銆€[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patents

銆€銆€閬告搰 [A] 銆傞鍏堟帓闄B]锛岃垏鍘熸枃鐩稿弽銆俒C]澶у附瀛�銆俒A] [D]鐨勯伕鎿囨湁涓€瀹氶洠搴︺€傜敤涓茬窔娉曡В椤�銆傜涓€娈佃瑳閬庡幓business method寰堝鏄撹鎺堜簣灏堝埄銆傚叾涓涓€娈电殑鏈€鍚庝竴鍙ヨ┍宸茬稉(j墨ng)鏆楀惈钁楀皪(du矛)閫欑ó鍋氭硶鐨勫弽灏�(du矛)銆傜浜屾杞�(zhu菐n)鎶橈細灏囨渻(hu矛)鐢ㄤ竴鍊�(g猫)妗堜緥渚嗗叏闈㈠鏌ュ晢妤�(y猫)鏂规硶灏堝埄銆傜涓夋锛氬皪(du矛)business method鐨勭磩鏉�(curbs)鏄硶闄㈡厠(t脿i)搴︾殑宸ㄥぇ杞�(zhu菐n)璁�銆傛渶鍚庝竴娈垫槑纰烘彁鍑簉eacting to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court 銆傝娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸鍘熸枃濮嬬祩娌掓湁瑾狟ilski case鐨勫垽姹�锛屽洜姝ゅ彧鏄竴鍊�(g猫)looming (闅辩磩鍦板嚭鐝�(xi脿n))鐨刣anger 锛岃€屼笉鏄凡缍�(j墨ng)鐩涜鐨勮定鍕�(sh矛)銆�

銆€銆€Text 3

銆€銆€鈶� In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that 鈥渟ocial epidemics鈥� are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. 鈶he idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn鈥檛 explain how ideas actually spread銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戔憼 鍥犳灉甯歌€�(driven)锛屽嚭31椤孾A]銆侻alcolm Aladuell 鐨勮榛�(di菐n)鈥滅ぞ鏈�(hu矛)娴佽鐨勬澅瑗垮湪寰堝ぇ绋嬪害涓婃槸鏈変竴灏忛儴鍒嗘湁褰遍熆鍔涚殑浜虹櫦(f膩)鍕�(d貌ng)鐨�锛岄€欎簺浜鸿澶氳瓨(sh铆)寤o紝鏈夎鏈嶅姏鈥� 鈶¤綁(zhu菐n)鎶�?锛熻抗顑�?1椤孾B]銆� 鈥滈€欏€�(g猫)瑙€榛�(di菐n)涓嶈兘瑙i噵鎬濇兂鏄浣曞偝鎾殑鈥濄€傝娉ㄦ剰锛歩deas actually spread= social epidemics 閫欏氨鎰忓懗钁椾綔鑰呰獚(r猫n)鐐篿nfluential灏�(du矛)how ideas actually spread浣滅敤涓嶅ぇ锛屼笉璧穌riven(椹�(q奴)鍕�(d貌ng))鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€�

銆€銆€31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to __________銆�

銆€銆€[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics

銆€銆€[B]discuss influentials鈥� function in spreading ideas

銆€銆€[C]exemplify people鈥檚 intuitive response to social epidemics

銆€銆€[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials銆�

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆慬B] 鏈鏄鏄庝綔鑰呯洰鐨勯銆傜敱涓婃枃鈶$殑鍒嗘瀽鍙煡閬告湰閬搁爡(xi脿ng)銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慬A] 鑸囧師鏂囩浉鍙�銆傛湰鏂囪◣璜栫殑鏄師鍥�(driven)锛岃€屾湰椤屾槸瑾祼(ji茅)鏋�(consequence)銆�

銆€銆€[C] 鏈娌掓湁鎻愬埌浜哄€戠殑鐩磋鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)(intuitive response)銆傗憽鍙槸瑾€滀綔鑰呰獚(r猫n)鐐洪€欏€�(g猫)瑙€榛�(di菐n)寰炵洿瑕轰笂鐪嬫槸鍚稿紩浜虹殑鈥濄€傛墍浠ョ劇涓敓鏈�

銆€銆€[D]鍋忛洟涓績锛歩nfluential灏�(du矛)social epidemics鐨勪綔鐢�銆傚彧鏄憼涓殑绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)銆�

銆€?銆佽硞he supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the 鈥渢wo-step flow of communication鈥濓細 Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. 鈶� Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. 鈶he theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. 鈶n many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. 鈶necdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends. 

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戔憼鍥犳灉甯歌€�(derive from)+杞�(zhu菐n)鎶�?锛�?but)+鍚﹀畾甯歌€�(untested)+娈甸?锛�?鐗规畩妯�(bi膩o)榛�(di菐n)?锛�?鍐掕櫉(h脿o))锛屽嚭32椤�銆傝珛(q菒ng)鐪媠upposed鍦ㄣ€婄墰娲ラ珮闅庤嫳瑾炶鍏搞€嬬殑鑻辨枃瑙i噵 [only before noun] used to show that you think that a claim, statement or way of describing sb/sth is not true or correct, although it is generally believed to be銆傞€欏氨鎰忓懗钁梥upposed鍚庨潰鐨勬澅瑗垮湪鏈唱(zh矛)涓婇兘鏄綔鑰呭弽灏�(du矛)鐨�銆傗€滈€欑óinfluential鐨勫亣璞$殑閲嶈鎬т締婧愪簬涓€鍊�(g猫)璨屼技鍚堢悊浣嗘槸瀵�(sh铆)璩�(zh矛)涓婃湭缍�(j墨ng)妾㈤(y脿n)鐨則wo-step flow of communication鐨勭悊璜栤€�銆傗憽璎涘晢浜烘帴鍙椾簡閫欎竴閷�(cu貌)瑾よ榛�(di菐n)銆傗憿涓殑seems 鈶d腑鐨刢ursory search(鑽夌巼鐨勬悳绱�) 鈶や腑鐨凙necdotal evidence(鍌宠仦鐨勮瓑鎿�(j霉))閫欏咕鍊�(g猫)瑭炵祫閮借〃鏄庝綔鑰呭皪(du矛)閫欏€�(g猫)鐞嗚珫鎸佸弽灏�(du矛)鎱�(t脿i)搴�銆�

銆€銆€32. The author suggests that the 鈥渢wo-step flow theory鈥� __________銆�

銆€銆€[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems

銆€銆€[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends

銆€銆€[C]has won support from influentials

銆€銆€[D]requires solid evidence for its validity

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆慬D]鐢扁憼鍙煡閫欏€�(g猫)鐞嗚珫鏄湭缍�(j墨ng)妾㈤(y脿n)鐨�(untested)锛岄€欏氨鎰忓懗钁椻€滈渶瑕佸彲闈犵殑璀夋摎(j霉)璀夋槑鍏舵湁鏁堟€р€�(requires solid evidence for its validity)銆傛墍浠ユ湰椤屾槸鍚岀京鏇挎彌涔嬫瑭卞弽瑾�銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慬A]鑸囦綔鑰呭皪(du矛)瑭茬悊璜栫殑鍙嶅皪(du矛)鎱�(t脿i)搴︾煕鐩�銆�

銆€銆€[B] 鈶㈤€欏€�(g猫)鐞嗚珫浼间箮(seems)鍙互瑙i噵鏌愪簺娴佽鐨勮定鍕�(sh矛)锛宻eem閫欏€�(g猫)瑭炶〃鏄庝綔鑰呭叾瀵�(sh铆)鏄弽灏�(du矛)閫欏€�(g猫)瑾硶鐨�銆�

銆€銆€[C]鍋锋彌姒傚康锛屽伔鎻涗簡鈶′腑鐨刴arketer

銆€銆€鈶營n their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. 鈶� In fact, they don鈥檛 seem to be required of all. 鈶� The researchers鈥� argument stems from a simple observation about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey 鈥� whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence 鈥� even the most influential members of a population simply don鈥檛 interact with that many others. 鈶et it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. 鈶� For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; 鈶nd just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. 鈶� If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won鈥檛 propagate very far or affect many people銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戔憼鎵夸笂鍟熶笅銆傜爺绌惰€呮帹缈讳簡涓婃枃鐨勯尟(cu貌)瑾よ榛�(di菐n)銆傗憽鐒¢渶鐪嬫噦銆傗憿鐮旂┒鑰呯殑鐞嗙敱渚嗚嚜闂�(gu膩n)浜庣ぞ鏈�(hu矛)褰遍熆鐨勭啊(ji菐n)鍠殑瑙€瀵�銆傚嵆浣挎渶鏈夊奖闊垮姏鐨勪汉涔熶笉鏈�(hu矛)鑸囧お澶氱殑浜轰氦娴�銆傗懀鏄痶wo-step-flow theory鐞嗚珫銆傗懁杞�(zhu菐n)鎶�?锛熸辈?3椤�?锛佹噴鎭崇矉鈧�(g猫)鍙楀奖闊跨殑浜哄繀闋堣褰遍熆浠栫殑鐔熶汉锛屼粬鐨勭啛浜哄啀褰遍熆鑷繁鐨勭啛浜衡€�锛岄€欎篃灏卞洜?y脿n)妲帩ocial interaction銆�

銆€銆€33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that __________銆�

銆€銆€[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions銆�

銆€銆€[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media銆�

銆€銆€[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public銆�

銆€銆€[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention銆�

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆慬A] 鐢扁懁鍙煡锛宎 social epidemic to occur= the power of influence锛� his or her own acquaintances=social interaction 鍙互鏄庣⒑鐨勫悓缇╂浛鎻�銆俫oes with  鑸団€︾浉浼磋€岀敓銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慬B]鏈娌掓湁鎻愬埌濯掗珨澧炲姞浜洪殯鑱�(li谩n)绯�銆傜劇涓敓鏈�銆�

銆€銆€[C] channel(娓犻亾)鐒′腑鐢熸湁

銆€銆€[D鈥滃ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)鍚嶄汉鏈夊緢澶х殑濯掗珨褰遍熆鍔涒€濈劇涓敓鏈�銆�

銆€銆€34.The underlined phrase 鈥渢hese people鈥� in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who __________銆�

銆€銆€[A] stay outside the network of social influence

銆€銆€[B] have little contact with the source of influence

銆€銆€[C] are influenced and then influence others

銆€銆€[D] are influenced by the initial influential

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆戞湰椤屽彲浠ョ湅鍋氭槸鎸囦唬瑭炲叿楂旀槸鎸囦唬鐨勫皪(du矛)璞�銆傛寚浠g殑灏�(du矛)璞′竴瀹氭槸鍚戝墠鎸囦唬锛屽線鍓嶆壘鏈€杩戠殑鍚嶈銆傗懁涓€滄瘡涓€鍊�(g猫)鍙楀奖闊跨殑浜哄繀闋堣褰遍熆浠栫殑鐔熶汉锛屼粬鐨勭啛浜哄啀褰遍熆鑷繁鐨勭啛浜衡€濇墍浠hese people 灏辨槸鎸囬€欎簺鈥滆褰遍熆骞朵笖褰遍熆鍒ヤ汉鐨勪汉鈥�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慬A]鈥滃湪绀炬渻(hu矛)褰遍熆鐨勭恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)涔嬪鈥濊垏鍘熸枃鐩稿弽銆�

銆€銆€[B] 寮�(qi谩ng)骞叉摼闋�(xi脿ng)銆傗懃瑾殑鏄€渉ow many others pay attention to each of these people鈥濊垏initial influential(= the source of influence)鐒¢棞(gu膩n)锛岃€孾B]鍋锋彌鐐衡€渢hese people鈥濊垏initial influential(= the source of influence)鎺ヨЦ涓嶅銆�

銆€?銆佽舶uilding on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social contagion by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people鈥檚 ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆�

銆€銆€35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

銆€銆€[A]The eagerness to be accepted

銆€銆€[B]The impulse to influence others

銆€銆€[C]The readiness to be influenced

銆€銆€[D]The inclination to rely on others

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆� [C]The readiness to be influenced鐢辨湰娈垫渶鍚庝竴鍙ュ彲鐭ョぞ鏈�(hu矛)褰遍熆鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鍔涜绱犳槸锛氫汉鍊戝奖闊垮垾浜虹殑鑳藉姏浠ュ強琚垾浜哄奖闊跨殑鍌惧悜鎬с€傛墍浠ラ伕C銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慬B] 閷�(cu貌)鍦╥mpulse(绐佸鍏朵締鐨勫康闋�)

銆€銆€[A]閷�(cu貌)鍦╝ccept

銆€銆€[D]閷�(cu貌)鍦� rely on 銆�

銆€銆€瑙f硶浜岋細[B][C] 绗﹀悎榛冧簩銆備絾鏄敱绗洓娈垫渶鍚庝竴鍙ワ細

銆€銆€If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won鈥檛 propagate very far or affect many people銆傚挨鍏舵槸resistant鍙煡鏇村挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐨勬槸鈥滆褰遍熆鈥�

銆€銆€TEXT 4

銆€銆€(娉細鏈枃鍚湁鐨勭敓瑭炲拰闆e彞杓冨锛�鑰冪爺闁辫畝鐨勫師鍓囨槸閬庨洠鐨勫柈瑭炲拰鍙ュ瓙涓€瀹氫笉鏈�(hu矛)鍑洪锛屽湪鑰冨牬(ch菐ng)涓婄穵绶婃姄浣忚兘鐪嬫噦鐨勫彞瀛愬嵆鍙紝鍥�?y脿n)妲叉伡寰嬭埛鎸涚墶鍥婇绾ч檯鎬炕鑺槝P(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)鐨�銆傜瓎鑰呮妸鏈枃鐒¢渶鐪嬫噦鐨勫彞瀛愮敤鍒櫎绶氭(bi膩o)鍑轰締锛屼互渚夸簬瀛�(xu茅)鐢熸洿濂界殑寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)銆傜ず渚嬶細not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch銆�)

銆€銆€绗竴閮ㄥ垎锛�36椤�

銆€?銆佽舶ankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. 鈶ehind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. 鈶heir rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. 鈶hese rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戔憼鈶♀€滆嚭(t谩i)闈笂锛岄妧琛屽鍊戝皣浠栧€戠殑楹荤叐姝稿拵浜庡繁韬�锛岃嚭(t谩i)闈笅锛屼粬鍊戜竴鐩存妸鐩(bi膩o)灏�(du矛)婧�(zh菙n)浠栦汉锛�鏈�(hu矛)瑷�(j矛)婧�(zh菙n)鍓囧埗瀹氳€�銆傗€濊嚭(t谩i)涓婅嚭(t谩i)涓�锛岃〃閲屼笉涓€锛屾殫鍚簡浣滆€呭皪(du矛)閵€琛屽鐨勮櫅鍋界殑鍚﹀畾锛屽皪(du矛)鐒¤緶鑰卻tandard-setters鐨勫悓鎯�銆傗憿璎涘叿楂旂殑鎶辨€ㄧ殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�?锛佽埇y琛屾キ(y猫)鎶辨€ㄦ渻(hu矛)瑷�(j矛)瑕�(gu墨)鍓囪揩浣夸粬鍊戝牨(b脿o)鍛婂法澶ф悕澶�锛岃獚(r猫n)鐐洪€欎笉鍏钩?锛�?鈶d簩鑰呯浉姣斿繀鍑鸿€冮粸(di菐n)銆傚嚭36椤屻€傞€�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ弿杩版渻(hu矛)瑷�(j矛)瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆傗€滆(gu墨)鍓囪獚(r猫n)鐐轰粬鍊戝繀闋堜互绗笁鏂逛粯鍑哄児(ji脿)鏍间締瑭�(p铆ng)浼伴儴鍒嗚硣鐢�(ch菐n)鐨勫児(ji脿)鍊�锛岃€岄潪鎸夌収绠$悊鑰呭拰鐩�(ji膩n)绠¤€呮湡鏈涜┎璩囩敘(ch菐n)鑳藉鐛插緱鐨勫児(ji脿)鏍�?锛佸寳鎻乏閶�?sh铆)鍙鐪嬫噦鈥淭hese rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not鈥漬ot鍚庨潰鐒¢渶鐪嬫噦锛屽彧瑕佺煡閬撴槸鑸噉ot鍓嶉潰涓嶄竴妯g殑鏂规硶銆�

銆€銆€36. Bankers complained that they were forced to __________銆�

銆€銆€[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules

銆€銆€[B] collect payments from third parties

銆€銆€[C] cooperate with the price managers

銆€銆€[D] reevaluate some of their assets銆�

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆慬A] 36椤� complain= moan 锛宯ot fair(鈶�) = unfavorable , value some assets(鈶�)= asset evaluation 鎵€浠ユ湰椤屽爆浜庢牴姝h嫍绱呯殑鍚岀京鏇挎彌銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慬B] 灏�(du矛)鈶e伔姊佹彌鏌�銆傛妸value 鍋锋彌鐐篶ollect銆�

銆€銆€[C] 鑸囧師鏂囩浉鍙�銆傞尟(cu貌)瑾や竴锛氬師鏂団懀瑾細鈥淭hese rules say they must value some assets at the price 銆�銆�銆�锛� not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch鈥濇槑纰鸿鈥滆(gu墨)鍓囦笉璁撴寜鐓anagers鐨勬湡寰呯殑鍍�(ji脿)鏍艰⿻(p铆ng)浼扳€�锛屾墍浠ラ€欒垏cooperate(鍚堜綔)鐩稿弽銆�

銆€銆€閷�(cu貌)瑾や簩锛氬師鏂囦腑娌掓湁鎻愬埌price manager 閫欏€�(g猫)姒傚康锛屸懀managers and regulators would like them to fetch銆傛槸瀹氳獮寰炲彞渚嗕慨椋緋rice銆�

銆€銆€[D] reevaluate(閲嶆柊瑭�(p铆ng)浼�)鐒′腑鐢熸湁銆�

銆€銆€绗簩閮ㄥ垎锛�37椤�

銆€?銆佽硟nfortunately, banks鈥� lobbying now seems to be working. 鈶he details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. 鈶nd, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戔憼鍚﹀畾?锛�?unfortunately)+娈甸甯歌€�銆傚嚭40椤�銆俇nfortunately锛屾槸寮�(qi谩ng)鐑堢殑琛ㄧず鎯呮劅鐨勮?锛佸畨鎭嶄笟姘�?锛岄妧琛岀殑娓歌娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐪嬩締宸茶捣浣滅敤浜�?锛佸寳鐮婚楂″懁娆犵3?du矛)閵€琛�锛屾敮鎸佸悓鎯卻tandard-setters銆傗憽杞�(zhu菐n)鎶�?锛�?锛屽嚭37椤�銆侭ut涔嬪墠涓嶇湅锛屼箣闁撶湅鍚庨潰鈥滄(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍒跺畾鑰呯殑鐛�(d煤)绔嬫€р€斺€旈€欒硣鐢�(ch菐n)甯傚牬(ch菐ng)姝e父閬�(y霉n)琛屽崄鍒嗛噸瑕佲€斺€斿凡缍�(j墨ng)鍓婂急浜�銆傗€� 銆€

銆€?銆佽帛fter a bruising encounter with Congress, America鈥檚 Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. 鈶hese gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. 鈶ob Herz, the FASB鈥檚 chairman, cried out against those who 鈥渜uestion our motives?锛�?鈶� Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls 鈥渢he use of judgment by management?锛�?/p>

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戔憼bruising encounter鏍规湰涓嶉渶瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)銆俽ushed through 鍙渶瑕佽獚(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)through锛岃〃绀� 鈥滈€氶亷鈥�銆傛敞鎰忥細鍕�(d貌ng)瑭�+浠嬭鐨勭煭瑾�锛屾湁鏅�(sh铆)鍊欏彧瑕侀€氶亷浠嬭灏卞彲浠ユ妸鎻″彞瀛愭墍琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鐨勫ぇ鑷存柟鍚戞槸鏀寔閭勬槸鍙嶅皪(du矛)銆傛湰鍙ュ彧闇€鏄庣櫧鈥淔ASB閫氶亷浜嗚(gu墨)鍓囪畩鍖栤€� 鍗冲彲銆� 鈶″彧闇€鐪嬫噦锛歍hese gave banks more freedom to鈥� value 鈥ssets and more flexibility鈥� in their income statement銆傜渷鐣ヨ櫉(h脿o)鎵€鐪佺暐鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰畬鍏ㄥ彲浠ヤ笉鐪�?锛佸嚬娣瑈琛屽湪瑭�(p铆ng)浼拌硣鐢�(ch菐n)涓婃湁浜嗘洿澶氱殑鑷敱鈥� 鈶㈡矑鐪嬫噦锛屾矑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽洜?y脿n)妤圭瀣椾慨D(zhu菐n)鎶�銆傗懀杞�(zhu菐n)鎶樺父鑰�銆傚嚭37[A]銆傛湰鍙ュ彧闇€鐪嬫噦 the changes 鈥nhance the use of judgment by management?锛佹枒@浜涜畩鍖栧鍔犱簡绠$悊灞ょ殑鍒ゆ柗鐨勪綔鐢ㄢ€�

銆€銆€37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in __________銆�

銆€銆€[A] the diminishing role of management

銆€銆€[B] the revival of the banking system

銆€銆€[C] the banks鈥� long-term asset losses

銆€銆€[D] the weakening of its independence

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆慬D] 鏈瀹氫綅鏈夐粸(di菐n)闆e害銆傚緸绗笁娈碘憼鍙煡FASB閫氶亷浜嗚(gu墨)鍓囪畩鍖栥€傜浜屾鐨勨憼鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鈥滀笉骞哥殑鏄�锛岄妧琛岀殑娓歌娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐪嬩締宸茶捣浣滅敤浜�?锛佽竟@灏辨剰鍛宠憲锛氱涓€娈甸妧琛屾姳鎬ㄧ殑瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑涓嶅叕骞冲緱鍒伴噸瑕�锛岃(gu墨)鍓囪畩鍖栦簡銆傛墍浠�37椤岄骞插晱鐨勨€渢he rule changes of the FASB鈥濈殑绲�(ji茅)鏋�锛屼篃灏辨槸绗簩娈碘憽鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋溿€�

銆€銆€銆婄墰娲ラ珮闅庤嫳婕㈤洐瑙h鍏搞€嬩腑compromise 鐨勮В閲嬶細modify (sth)锛� weaken 淇敼锛屾洿鏀�(鏌愪簨鐗�)锛涙笡杓曪紱娓涘急锛涚珐鍜�銆傛墍浠ラ€欓噷鐨刢ompromise= weaken锛屾牴姝h嫍绱呯殑鍚岀京鏇挎彌銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慬A] 鑸囧師鏂囩浉鍙�銆俤iminish鑸団懀涓殑enhance 鐩哥煕鐩俱€�

銆€銆€[B] 绗簩娈碘憿璎涗簡閵€琛屽京(f霉)铇囩殑姊濅欢鈥滈妧琛屽鏋滀笉浠ヨ兘澶犲惛寮曡卜瀹剁殑鍍�(ji脿)鏍艰▓(j矛)閲忔湁姣掕硣鐢�(ch菐n)锛岄妧琛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫京(f霉)铇囧皣鏈�(hu矛)闈炲父鍥伴洠?锛佸€嶎墑鍏穢闋�(xi脿ng)瑾狥ASB鐨勮(gu墨)鍓囪畩鍖栨渻(hu矛)甯朵締寰�(f霉)铇�锛岃垏鈶笉鐩哥鍚堛€�

銆€銆€[C] 鐒′腑鐢熸湁銆�

銆€銆€绗笁閮ㄥ垎锛�38椤� 銆€

銆€銆€鈶燛uropean ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. 鈶he IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. 鈶harlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did 鈥渘ot live in a political vacuum鈥� but 鈥渋n the real word鈥� and that Europe could yet develop different rules銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)鍒嗘瀽銆戜笂鏂囪瑳鐨勬槸缇庡湅(gu贸)鐨勬儏娉�銆傛湰娈佃瑳姝愭床鐨勬儏娉�銆傗憼鈥滄瓙娲茬殑閮ㄩ暦(zh菐ng)鍊戠珛鍒昏姹傚湅(gu贸)闅涙渻(hu矛)瑷�(j矛)婧�(zh菙n)鍓囧鍝℃渻(hu矛)(IASB)涔熼€欎箞鍋�銆傗€� 鈶¤綁(zhu菐n)鎶�?锛�?銆傚嚭38椤屻€侷ASB灏�(du矛)閮ㄩ暦(zh菐ng)鐨勫仛娉曟瘮杓冨弽鎰�锛屼絾鏄畠鍦ㄤ粖骞翠笅鍗婂勾瀹屾垚瑕�(gu墨)鍓囦慨瑷傛檪(sh铆)蹇呴爤灞堟湇鐨勫鍔涘崄鍒嗗法澶�銆傗憿寮曠敤McCreevy灏�(du矛)IASB涓嶈伣瑭辩殑璀﹀憡銆�

銆€銆€38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB鈥檚 attempt to __________銆�

銆€銆€[A] keep away from political influences銆�

銆€銆€[B] evade the pressure from their peers銆�

銆€銆€[C] act on their own in rule-setting銆�

銆€銆€[D] take gradual measures in reform銆�

銆€銆€銆愭纰洪伕闋�(xi脿ng)瑙f瀽銆慬C] 鈶犺瑳姝愭床閮ㄩ暦(zh菐ng)灏�(du矛)IASB鐨勮姹�锛屸憽鏄疘ASB灏�(du矛)涔嬬殑鎶佃Ц鎯呯窉锛屼絾鏄�(but)澹撳姏鍙堝緢澶�(strong)锛屸憿McCreevy灏�(du矛)IASB璀﹀憡瀹冧笉鏄€滆檿鍦�鏀挎不鐪熺┖涓€濊€屾槸鈥滃湪鐝�(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)涓栫晫閲屸€�銆傞€欎笁鍙ヨ┍鐨勪腑蹇冩槸锛欼ASB鎯宠嚜宸辩崹(d煤)绔嬬殑鍒跺畾瑕�(gu墨)鍓�(act on their own in rule-setting)锛岃€屾瓙娲查儴闀�(zh菐ng)(鍖呮嫭McCreevy)鍙堟兂鍛戒护鍏舵寜鑷繁鎰忔効琛岀偤銆傛墍浠ラ伕鎿嘯C]銆�

銆€銆€銆愬共鎿鹃伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍒嗘瀽銆慬A]鏄挤(qi谩ng)骞叉摼闋�(xi脿ng)锛岃矊浼兼槸灏�(du矛)鈥渘ot in a political vacuum鈥濈殑鍚岀京鏇挎彌銆備絾鏄垏[C]鐩告瘮锛孾C]鏇村姞绗﹀悎鏈鐨勪腑蹇�銆傚洜?y脿n)妤稿緞灏锯拤鐨囪彂?qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)IASB涓嶈兘閫冭劔鏀挎不褰遍熆锛岃€屾槸寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)IASB鎯宠鑷繁鐛�(d煤)绔嬪湴鍒跺畾瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆傝€冪敓鍒囪锛氱暥(d膩ng)鍏╁€�(g猫)閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鐒℃硶鍒嗘竻鐨勬檪(sh铆)鍊�锛岀鍚堜腑蹇冪殑鎵嶆槸姝g⒑绛旀銆�

銆€銆€[B]鍋锋鎻涙煴銆傚師鏂囨矑鏈夋彁渚嗚嚜鍚屼即鐨勫鍔�(pressure from their peers)锛岃€屾槸瑾€滃湪浠婂勾涓嬪崐骞村畬鎴愯(gu墨)鍓囦慨瑷傛檪(sh铆)蹇呴爤灞堟湇鐨勫鍔涒€�

銆€銆€[D]鈥滃湪鏀归潻涓噰鍙栨几閫�(j矛n)鎺柦鈥� gradual measures灞簬鐒′腑鐢熸湁銆�

鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜�(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠h〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�

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