銆€銆€Section I  Use of English

銆€銆€Directions:

銆€銆€Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.and mark[A]锛孾B]锛孾C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

銆€銆€In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting __1__ workers productivity. Instead锛宼he studies ended__2__ giving their name to the 鈥淗awthorne effect鈥� the extremely influential idea the very__3__to being experimented upon changed subjects鈥� behavior

銆€銆€The idea arose because of the__4__behavior of the women in the plant.According to __5__of the experiments their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6__what was done in the experiment. __7__something was changed productivity rose . A(n) __8__ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be __9__to alter workers' behavior __10__ itself

銆€銆€After several decades锛宼he same data were __11__to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store  12  the descriptions on record锛宯o systematic __13__was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting

銆€銆€It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to __14__interpretation of what happened.__15__锛宭ighting was always changed on a Sunday When work started again on Monday, output __16__ rose compared with the previous Saturday and __17__ to rise for the next couple of days __18__ 锛宎 comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers __19__to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case锛宐efore __20__a plateau and then slackening off.  This suggests that the alleged 鈥淗awthorne effect鈥� is hard to pin down

銆€銆€1.[A] affected    [B]achieved        [C]extracted       [D]restored

銆€銆€2. [A]at              [B]up                 [C]with              [D]off

銆€銆€3. [A]truth         [B]sight              [C]act                        [D]proof

銆€銆€4. [A]controversial       [B]perplexing       [C]mischievous    [D]ambiguous

銆€銆€5. [A]requirements       [B]explanations    [C]accounts       [D]assessments

銆€銆€6. [A]conclude          [B]matter                  [C]indicate         [D]work

銆€銆€7. [A]as far as    [B]for fear that    [C]in case that     [D]so long as

銆€銆€8. [A]awareness  [B]expectation     [C]sentiment       [D]illusion

銆€銆€9. [A]suitable    [B]excessive       [C]enough         [D]abundant

銆€銆€10. [A]about      [B]for                 [C]on                 [D]by

銆€銆€11. [A]compared [B]shown                  [C]subjected      [D]conveyed

銆€銆€12. [A]contrary to       [B]consistent with       [C]parallel with    [D]peculiar to

銆€銆€13.[A]evidence    [B]guidance      [C]implication           [D]source

銆€銆€14.[A]disputable   [B]enlightening    [C]reliable          [D]misleading

銆€銆€15.[A]In contrast        [B]For example    [C]In consequence       [D]As usual

銆€銆€16. [A]duly         [B]accidentally     [C]unpredictably        [D]suddenly

銆€銆€17. [A]failed       [B]ceased                  [C]started          [D]continued

銆€銆€20.[A]breaking    [B]climbing       [C]surpassing    [D]hitting

銆€銆€Section 鈪� Reading Comprehension

銆€銆€Part A

銆€銆€Directions锛�

銆€銆€Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A]锛孾B]锛孾C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

銆€銆€Text 2

銆€銆€Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods.Amazon com received one for its鈥渙ne-click鈥漮nline payment system Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lying a box銆�

銆€銆€Now the nation鈥檚 top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is 鈥渁 very big deal鈥�锛� says Dermis'D, Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law.It 鈥渉as the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents鈥�

銆€銆€Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pints to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice銆�

銆€銆€The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court鈥檚 judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should 鈥渞econsider鈥� its state street Bank ruling銆�

銆€銆€The Federal Circuit鈥檚 action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme. Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for 鈥渋nventions鈥� that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are 鈥渞eaction to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court鈥� says Harole C Wegner, a par tend attorney and professor at Washington University Law School銆�

銆€銆€26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of

銆€銆€[A] their limited value to business                          [B] their connection with asset allocation

銆€銆€[C] the possible restriction on their granting          [D] the controversy over authorization

銆€銆€27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?

銆€銆€[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions      [B] It involves a very big business transaction

銆€銆€[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit     [D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S銆�

銆€銆€28. The word 鈥渁bout-face鈥�(Line 1, Paro 3)most probably means

銆€銆€[A] loss of good will                          [B]increase of hostility

銆€銆€[C]change of attitude                 [D] enhancement of disunity

銆€銆€29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents

銆€銆€[A] are immune to legal challenges                        [B] are of ten unnecessarily issued

銆€銆€[C] lower the esteem for patent holders                 [D] increase the incidence of risks

銆€銆€30.Which of the following would be the subject of the text?

銆€銆€[A]A looming threat to business-method patents

銆€銆€[B]Protection for business-method patent holders

銆€銆€[C]A legal case regarding business-method patents

銆€銆€[D] A prevailing tread against business-method patents

銆€銆€Text 3

銆€銆€In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials who are unusual informed, persuasive, or we connect. The idea is intuitively compelling but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread銆�

銆€銆€The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "tow-step flow of communication". Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow became it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing, promoting or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people call drive trends銆�

銆€銆€In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact , they don鈥檛 seem to be required of all. The researchers' argument stems from a simple observation about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal influence-even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrating influentials who according to the two-step-flow theory are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur however each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs and so on and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential, prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people銆�

銆€銆€Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people鈥檚 ability to influence others and their tendency to be銆�

銆€銆€31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to

銆€銆€[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics

銆€銆€[B] discuss influentials鈥� function in spreading ideas

銆€銆€[C] exemplify people鈥檚 intuitive response to social epidemics

銆€銆€[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials

銆€銆€32. The author suggests that the 鈥渢wo-step-flow theory鈥�

銆€銆€[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems

銆€銆€[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends

銆€銆€[C] has won support from influentials

銆€銆€[D] requires solid evidence for its validity

銆€銆€33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that

銆€銆€[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions

銆€銆€[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media

銆€銆€[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public

銆€銆€[D]most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention

銆€銆€34. The underlined phrase 鈥渢hese people鈥� in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who

銆€銆€[A]stay outside the network of social influence

銆€銆€[B]have little contact with the source of influence

銆€銆€[C]are influenced and then influence others

銆€銆€[D] are influenced by the initial influential

銆€銆€35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

銆€銆€[A]The eagerness to be accepted                    [B]The impulse to influence others

銆€銆€[C]The readiness to be influenced                   [D]The inclination to rely on others

銆€銆€Text  4

銆€銆€Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it鈥檚 just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch銆�

銆€銆€Unfortunately, banks鈥� lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America鈥檚 Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long0term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB鈥檚 chairman, cried out against those who 鈥渜uestion our motives?锛�?Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls 鈥渢he use of judgment by management?锛�?/p>

銆€銆€European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did 鈥漬ot live in a political vacuum鈥� but鈥� in the real word鈥� and the Europe could yet develop different rules銆�

銆€銆€It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they Largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank鈥檚 shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains銆�

銆€銆€To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America鈥檚 new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions銆�

銆€銆€36. Bankers complained that they were forced to

銆€銆€[A]follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules                  [B]collect payments from third parties

銆€銆€[C]cooperate with the price managers                          [D]reevaluate some of their assets

銆€銆€37.According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in

銆€銆€[A]the diminishing role of management                 [B] the revival of the banking system

銆€銆€[C]the bank鈥檚 long-term asset losses               [D]the weakening of its independence

銆€銆€38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB鈥檚 attempt to

銆€銆€[A] keep away from political influences                   [B] evade the pressure from their peers

銆€銆€[C] act on their own in rule-setting                        [D]take gradual measures in reform

銆€銆€39銆乀he author thinks the banks were鈥渙n the wrong planet鈥漣n that they

銆€銆€[A]misinterpreted market price indicators

銆€銆€[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets

銆€銆€[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts

銆€銆€[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets

銆€銆€40銆乀he author鈥檚 attitude towards standard-setters is one of

銆€銆€[A]satisfaction              [B]skepticism        [C]objectiveness          [D]sympathy

銆€銆€Part B

銆€銆€Directions:

銆€銆€For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to from a coherent text Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)

銆€銆€[A] The first and more important is the consumer鈥檚 growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year Europe compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative銆�

銆€銆€[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe鈥檚 largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limit success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need銆�

銆€銆€[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer rather than the seller to decide what to buy. At any rate this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold銆�

銆€銆€[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too銆�

銆€銆€[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined鈥擣rance, Germany, Italy, and Spain鈥攁re made out of same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent morn-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as 鈥渉oreca鈥濓細hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe鈥檚 retail wholesale market, but the figures, when added together, masks two opposing trends銆�

銆€銆€[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to considerate銆�

銆€銆€[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains銆�

銆€銆€41   鈫�    42   鈫� 43 鈫� 44 鈫� E 鈫� 45

銆€銆€Part C

銆€銆€Directions:

銆€銆€Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 Points)

銆€銆€One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and , if its stability depends on its intensity, they are entitled to continuance

銆€銆€When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing銆�(46)Scientists jumped to the rescure with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect the insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them the evidence had to be cambric in order to be valid銆�

銆€銆€It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet. (47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right regardless of the presence of absence of economic advantage to us銆�

銆€銆€A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds(48)Time was when biologists somewhat over worded evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak or that they prey only on 鈥渨orthless species鈥�銆�

銆€銆€Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economic 鈥搈inded foresters they grow too slowly or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason銆�

銆€銆€To sum up, a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats銆�

銆€銆€Section III Writing

銆€銆€Part A

銆€銆€51.Directions:

銆€銆€You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative銆�

銆€銆€You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use 鈥減ostgraduate association" instead銆�

銆€銆€Part B

銆€銆€52.Directions:

銆€銆€Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

銆€銆€1)      describe the drawing briefly,

銆€銆€2)      explain its intended meaning, and then

銆€銆€3)      give your comments銆�

銆€銆€You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET2.(20 points)

銆€銆€2010鑻辫獮鐪熼鍙冭€冪瓟妗�

銆€銆€涓€銆佸畬鍨嬪～绌�

銆€銆€1.A     2.B    3.C     4.B     5.C     6. B    7.D     8.A     9.C    10.D

銆€銆€11.C   12.A   13.A    14.D    15.B    16.A    17.D    18.C    19.B   20.D

銆€銆€浜屻€侀柋璁€鐞嗚В

銆€銆€Text2  CDCBD

銆€銆€Text3  BDACC

銆€銆€Text4  AACCD

銆€銆€涓�銆佹柊椤屽瀷

銆€銆€41.B  42.F  43.D  44.G  45.A

銆€銆€鍥涖€佺炕璀�

銆€銆€46.绉戝(xu茅)瀹跺€戣部(m脿o)鐒舵嬁鍑轰竴浜涚湅浼肩珯涓嶄綇鑵崇殑璀夋摎(j霉)渚嗚(b菙)鏁�锛屽叾澶ф剰鏄細槌ラ涓嶈兘鎺у埗瀹宠煵鐨勮┍锛屽锜插氨鏈冩妸鎴戝€�?n猫i)绁熸儞缂樼盁?/p>

銆€銆€47.浣嗘槸鑷冲皯鎴戝€戝咕涔庢壙瑾�(r猫n)浜嗛€欐ǎ涓€绋榛�(di菐n)锛岄偅灏辨槸涓嶇槌ラ鐨勭敓瀛樺皪鎴戝€戞槸鍚︽湁缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鍒╃泭锛屽畠鍊戦兘鏈夎垏鐢熶勘渚嗙殑鐢熷瓨娆�(qu谩n)鍒┿€�

銆€銆€48.鏇惧咕浣曟檪锛岀敓鐗╁(xu茅)瀹跺€戠附鏄噸鐢抽€欐ǎ鐨勪簨瀵�(sh铆)锛氶€欎簺鐢熺墿閫氶亷鎹曢寮卞皬鐨勭敓鐗╀締缍郴鍋ュ悍鐨勭敓鐗╅張锛屾垨鑰呰瀹冨€戝彧涓嶉亷鏄湪鎹曢鐒″児鍊肩殑鐗╃ó銆�

銆€銆€49.鍦ㄦ瓙娲诧紝鐢熸厠(t脿i)鏋楁キ(y猫)杓冪偤鐧�(f膩)閬�(d谩)锛岄偅浜涚劇鍟嗘キ(y猫)鍍瑰€肩殑妯圭ó琚鐐哄ぉ鐒舵．鏋楃兢钀界殑鎴愬摗锛屾噳(y墨ng)瑭插緱鍒板悎鐞嗕繚璀�(h霉)銆�

銆€銆€50.閫欑ó楂旂郴閫氬父蹇借骞舵渶绲傚皫(d菐o)鑷村緢澶氶櫢鍦颁笂鐗╃ó鐨勬粎绲�锛岄€欎簺鐗╃ó寰€寰€鏄矑鏈夊晢妤�(y猫)鍍瑰€间絾鍗诲皪闄稿湴鐢熸厠(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫仴搴烽亱(y霉n)琛岃嚦闂�(gu膩n)閲嶈銆�

銆€銆€浜�銆乄riting

銆€銆€灏忎綔鏂�

銆€銆€An Announcement

銆€銆€Jan. 9, 2010

銆€銆€International Conference on Globalization, from March 3rd to 10th, will be held at Tsinghua University. We, the Postgraduates鈥� Association, are entitled to organize this conference. Thus, we are badly in need of volunteers to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs, including reception, distribution of documents, technical support, etc銆�

銆€銆€Students who have previous experience as volunteers are preferred. Basic knowledge in computer, fluent oral English and an amicable personality are some of the qualities we desire. Volunteers shall be available for at least 3 days without absence during the conference銆�

銆€銆€If you are interested and willing to have a whole new experience in this semester, please do not hesitate to send your resume to liming@hotmail.com before Jan. 20th. Your applications are welcome銆�

銆€銆€Postgraduates鈥� Association

銆€銆€澶т綔鏂�

銆€銆€As is vividly betrayed in the drawing above, a hotpot is boiling with various forms of both domestic and alien cultures, which could be categorized as literature, moral values and performing arts. What is indicated in the drawing does reflect a fact and is most thought-provoking銆�

銆€銆€The connotation of the drawing can be interpreted as following. China launched Reform and Opening-up in 1978, which has promoted the rapid growth of national economy. The development of economy has brought about the great changes of culture, especially the traditional culture. At present, Chinese and Western cultures conflict with each other but also merge into a unique form to a certain degree. In the highly-integrated world today, no country is an isolated island. Every nation is faced with miscellaneous alien culture. China needs to assimilate a good deal of foreign progressive culture銆�

銆€銆€As far as I am concerned, some necessary measures should be taken. On one hand, more efforts must be made to popularize cultures worldwide. On the other hand, a nationwide education campaign should be launched among people, especially the young, so as to cultivate an appropriate sense of cultural concept. Only in these ways can we make greater contributions to the world cultural heritage銆�

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