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銆€銆€One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land.community have no economic value. Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its inteyrity, they are entitled to continuance銆�

銆€銆€When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invert excuses to give it economic importance.at the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. 46. Scientists jumped to the resure with some distimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up of birds failed to control them, the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid銆�

銆€銆€It is painful to read these round about accounts today. we have no land ethic yet. 47. But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us銆�

銆€銆€A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds. 48. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on 鈥渨orthless species鈥�銆�

銆€銆€Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops. 49. In Europe ,where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such , within reason銆�

銆€銆€To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. 50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats銆�

銆€銆€46.Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them銆�

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銆€銆€47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of ecnomic advantage to us銆�

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銆€銆€48. Time was when biologists somewhat over-worked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species銆�

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銆€銆€49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason銆�

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