銆€銆€鍙堝埌涓€骞�鑰冪爺瀛�锛屽湪姝峰勾鐨勮€冪爺涓垜鍊戜笉闆ｇ櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鑻辫獮绺芥槸鎴愮偤寤ｅぇ鑰冪爺瀛�(xu茅)瀛愮殑鐡堕牳銆傞偅涔�锛屽皪浜庤€冪爺鑻辫獮渚嗚浠€涔堝張鏄浉灏嶉洠浠ユ敾鍏嬬殑鍛�锛熸垜鍊戜締鐪嬩竴绲�绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鏁�(sh霉)瀛楋細2005骞村浣滄噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ枃(灏忎綔鏂�)鑰冪敓骞冲潎寰楀垎5.7鍒�(婊垮垎10鍒�)锛岀湅鍦栦綔鏂�(澶т綔鏂�)鑰冪敓骞冲潎寰楀垎10.8鍒�(婊垮垎20鍒�)锛�2006骞村浣滄噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ枃鑰冪敓骞冲潎寰楀垎5.2鍒嗭紝鐪嬪湒浣滄枃鑰冪敓骞冲潎寰楀垎10鍒�锛�2007骞村浣滄噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ枃鑰冪敓骞冲潎寰楀垎4.9鍒�锛岀湅鍦栦綔鏂囪€冪敓骞冲潎寰楀垎8.1鍒�锛�2008骞村浣滄噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ枃鑰冪敓骞冲潎寰楀垎5.5鍒�锛岀湅鍦栦綔鏂囪€冪敓骞冲潎寰楀垎9.9鍒�銆�(鍒扮瓎鑰呭嚭绋挎檪(sh铆)鐐烘锛屽湅瀹舵暀鑲查儴鏈当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鍑�2009骞磋€冪爺鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�)涓嶉洠鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽湪杩戝咕骞寸殑鑰冪爺鑻辫獮涓�锛屽浣滅殑骞冲潎寰楀垎鐜囧彧鏄湪50%宸﹀彸锛岄偅涔堟槸涓嶆槸鐢辨鍙互鎺ㄦ柗鑰冪爺瀵綔鎯崇殑楂樺垎灏辨槸楂樹笉鍙攢鐨勪竴浠朵簨鍛�锛熷叾瀵�(sh铆)涓嶇劧銆傞偅涔堝浣曞湪骞惧€�(g猫)鏈堢殑鏅�(sh铆)闁撳収(n猫i)杩呴€熸彁楂樺浣滅殑鎴愮妇鍛�锛熶笅闈㈠氨渚嗚瑾€冪爺瀵綔楂樺垎鐨勬妧宸э細

銆€銆€灏嶄簬鑰冪爺瀵綔鑰岃█锛岀煭鏈熷収(n猫i)鎻愬垎鐨勬柟寮忓叾瀵�(sh铆)寰堢啊鍠�锛屽皪浜庝竴绡囦綔鏂囪€岃█鏈夊ソ鐨勮瑾烇紝濂界殑鍙ュ瓙鍜屽ソ鐨勬(g貌u)鎬濇柟寮�锛岄偅涔堝鍑轰締鐨勫氨涓€瀹氭槸濂界殑鏂囩珷銆傚洜姝�锛屾垜鍊戝氨寰為€欎笁鍊�(g猫)瑙掑害渚嗚鏄庡浣曞鍑洪珮鍒嗕綔鏂�銆�

銆€銆€涓€銆佸浣滆鍖殑鎻愬崌

銆€銆€瀵綔瑭炲尟鎻愬崌鏄妸鈥滈柋璁€瑭炲尟鈥濊綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫偤鈥滃浣滆鍖€濈殑閬庣▼銆侭BC寤ｆ挱涓浘鎻愬埌锛岃嫳鍦嬭静(n贸ng)姘戠殑骞冲潎瑭炲尟閲忎笉閬�900宸﹀彸锛屽嵒鑳借〃閬�(d谩)鐢熸椿涓墍鏈夌殑鍠滄€掑搥妯�锛涗腑瀛�(xu茅)鐢熺殑瑭炲尟閲忓湪鍒濅簩鏅�(sh铆)灏卞凡缍�(j墨ng)瓒呴亷閫欏€�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)瀛楋紝鍗讳笉鑳芥祦鏆㈣〃閬�(d谩)鑷繁锛屽師鍥犲氨鍦ㄤ簬灏嶅ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)瑭炲尟鐨勬帉鎻″彧鍋滅暀鍦ㄩ柋璁€涓獚(r猫n)璀樼殑鈥滈柋璁€瑭炲尟鈥濈殑绋嬪害鑰屾矑鏈夐仈(d谩)鍒板彲浠ュ湪瀵綔涓潏娲绘噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鈥滃浣滆鍖€濈▼搴︺€傝垑鍊�(g猫)渚嬪瓙锛岀暥(d膩ng)鎴戝湪瑾插爞涓婂晱鍙婂ぇ瀹垛€滃鎬曗€濋€欏€�(g猫)瑭炶嫳鏂囪〃閬�(d谩)鐨勬檪(sh铆)鍊欙紝寰堝鍚屽(xu茅)涓嶅姞鎬濈董鐨勫氨鍛婅ù鎴戞槸鈥渁fraid鈥�锛屾垜鍐嶅晱澶у閫欏€�(g猫)瑭炴槸浠€涔堟檪(sh铆)鍊�?q奴)W鐨勬檪(sh铆)鍊�锛屽緢澶氫汉鎭嶇劧澶ф偀锛屽師渚嗚鍖棭鍦ㄥ垵涓敋鑷虫槸灏忓(xu茅)鐨勬檪(sh铆)鍊欏氨瀛�(xu茅)閬庝簡锛岄偅涔堬紝鑰冪爺闁卞嵎鐨勮€佸斧濡備綍浠モ€渁fraid鈥濋€欏€�(g猫)瑭炲垽鏂蜂綘鍒板簳鏄竴鍊�(g猫)鍚堟牸鐨勫ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鐣㈡キ(y猫)鐢熼倓鏄竴鍊�(g猫)鍍呭儏涓婇亷鍒濅腑鐨勫悓瀛�(xu茅)鍛�锛岀従(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ垜鍊戝氨涓嶉洠鐞嗚В鐐轰粈涔堣€冪爺瀵綔鐨勫钩鍧囧垎鍙湁婊垮垎鐨勪竴鍗婁簡銆傜暥(d膩ng)鎴戝€戠炕闁嬪ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鐨勮嫳瑾炶鏈垜鍊戞渻鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽湪澶у(xu茅)鐨勫洓骞翠腑(鐢氳嚦鍙槸澶т竴澶т簩鐨勫叐骞翠腑)鎴戝€戝氨瀛�(xu茅)閬庡緢澶氳〃绀衡€滃鎬曗€濅絾鍗绘瘮鈥渁fraid鈥濊楂樼礆鐨勫鐨勮鍖紝姣斿锛歨orror锛宻cared锛宎stonished绛夌瓑銆傞€欑暥(d膩ng)涓殑浠讳綍涓€鍊�(g猫)瑭為兘鏈冩瘮afraid寰楃殑鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)瑕侀珮锛岄€欏氨鏄墍璎傜殑楂樼礆瑭炲尟鍙栦唬浣庣礆瑭炲尟鐨勯亷绋�?锛孎(xi脿n)鍦�锛屾垜鍊戝氨瑕佹ü绔嬩竴鍊�(g猫)鎬濇兂锛屽浣滅殑鏈€灏忕祫鎴愬柈浣嶆槸瑭炲尟锛岃鍖湁浣庣礆鐨�(baby words)涔熸湁楂樼礆鐨�(advanced words)锛屾兂瑕佸緱鍒拌€冪爺瀵綔楂樺垎鐨勭涓€姝ュ氨鏄鏈夋剰璀樼殑鍦ㄥ浣滀腑鐢ㄩ珮绱氳鍖幓鍙栦唬鐩稿皪浣庣礆鐨勮鍖�锛屽緸鑰屽弽鏄犲嚭鑷繁鐨勮鍖〃鐝�(xi脿n)鑳藉姏(lexical resource)銆�

銆€銆€浜�銆佸浣滃彞鍨嬬殑鎻愬崌

銆€銆€鑰冪爺瀵綔鏈€鍩烘湰鐨勫彞寮忕ū涔嬬偤鈥滆嚜鍓�(chu脿ng)鍙モ€�?锛佺櫧瑭�?chu脿ng)鍙モ€濇槸鏍规摎(j霉)鎵€瑕佽〃閬�(d谩)鐨勫惈缇╁畬鍏ㄨ嚜涓诲壍(chu脿ng)浣滅殑鑻辨枃鍙ュ瓙锛屽叾鍩虹(ch菙)鏄獮娉曠煡璀樸€傞柋璁€鏅�(sh铆)涓嶇悊瑙ｆ煇浜涜獮娉曠従(xi脿n)璞′粛鐒惰兘鐞嗚В鏂囩珷锛岃伣瑾腑鏌愪簺瑾炶█鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄敋鑷充笉閬靛惊瑾炴硶瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛岃€屽浣滆姹傜簿纰猴紝鏄拰瑾炴硶鑱�(li谩n)绯绘渶鐐虹穵瀵嗙殑瑾炶█鍔熻兘銆傚叾涓紝绨″柈鍙ユ槸涓€鍒囧彞瀛愮殑鍩虹(ch菙)锛岀啊鍠彞鐨勫壍(chu脿ng)浣滃彲涓夋璧帮細

銆€銆€1. 鏍规摎(j霉)鍙ョ京纰哄畾鍞竴鐨勮瑐瑾炲嫊瑭�銆�

銆€銆€2. 鏍规摎(j霉)鍕曡绋(鐒¤硴銆佸柈璩�銆侀洐璩�銆佽硴瑁�(b菙)鎴栫郴鍕曡)瑁�(b菙)鍏ㄥ彞瀛愭垚鍒嗭紝濡備富瑾�銆佽硴瑾�銆佽硴瑾炶(b菙)瓒宠獮鍜岃〃瑾炵瓑銆�

銆€銆€3. 娉ㄦ剰璎傝獮鍕曡鍜屼富瑾炲湪浜虹ū鍜屾暩(sh霉)涓婄殑涓€鑷�銆�

銆€銆€鑸夊€�(g猫)渚嬪瓙锛屾瘮濡傝〃閬�(d谩)鈥滃姫鍔涘伐浣滀娇鎴戝€戞垚鍔�?锛�?锛岄鍏堢⒑瀹氣€滀娇鈥濋€欏€�(g猫)鍕曡鈥渕ake鈥�锛涚劧鍚庘€渕ake鈥濇槸璩撹(b菙)鍕曡锛岄渶瑕佽(b菙)鍏ㄤ富瑾炪€佽硴瑾炲拰璩撹獮瑁�(b菙)瓒宠獮锛涙渶鍚庣⒑瀹氬嫊瑭炲舰寮�锛屽緱鍒扳€淗ard work makes us successful?锛侀挕顐囩獚瑗丂妯ｇ殑鍙ュ瓙浠讳綍涓€鍊�(g猫)鍚堟牸鐨勯珮涓敓閮借兘瀵殑鍑轰締锛屽畠鎬庝箞鑳戒唬琛ㄤ竴鍊�(g猫)鑰冪爺瀛�(xu茅)鐢熸噳(y墨ng)鏈夌殑姘村钩鍛�锛熷洜姝�锛屾垜鍊戦渶瑕佹敼瀵€欏€�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙銆傝珛鍚屽(xu茅)鍊戣浣�锛屽ソ鐨勫彞瀛愬線寰€鏄敼瀵嚭渚嗙殑銆傛€庝箞鏀瑰鍛�锛熸柟娉曢倓鏄竴妯ｇ殑锛岄鍏堢⒑瀹氬敮涓€鐨勮瑐瑾炲嫊瑭�锛屼竴鑸€岃█锛岃瑐瑾炲嫊瑭為€氬父鏄竴鍙ヨ┍鐨勯瓊锛屸€淗ard work makes us successful銆傗€濅箣鎵€浠ラ’寰楁櫘閫氬氨鏄洜?y脿n)妾獲鍙ヨ┍鐨勫嫊瑭炩€渕ake鈥濆お灏忎簡锛岄€欏張鍥炲埌浜嗘垜鍊戝墠闈㈡墍瑾殑瀵綔瑭炲尟鐨勫晱椤�?锛孎(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ垜鍊戞彌涓€鍊�(g猫)鍕曡渚嗚〃杩颁竴涓嬶細鈥渟hape鈥�锛屾寜鐓ч€欏€�(g猫)鍕曡鐨勭敤娉曞拰涓昏瑐涓€鑷寸殑鍘熷墖锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ラ€犲嚭閫欐ǎ鐨勫彞瀛愶細鈥淗ard work shapes our success銆傗€�(鈥滃姫鍔涘伐浣滃閫犲嚭浜嗘垜鍊戠殑鎴愬姛鈥�)鍍呭儏鏄彌浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)鍕曡锛屽彞瀛愮殑鎰熻灏卞畬鍏ㄤ笉涓€妯ｄ簡锛岄€欏氨鏄皬瑭炶捣澶т綔鐢ㄧ殑鍏稿瀷渚嬭瓑銆傞偅涔堟槸涓嶆槸閫欏氨绲�(ji茅)鏉熶簡鍛紵鐣�(d膩ng)鐒朵笉鏄�锛岃珛鍚屽(xu茅)鍊戞敞鎰�锛屾垜鍊戠従(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ凡缍�(j墨ng)閫�(j矛n)鍏ヤ簡鍙ュ瀷鐨勭挵(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)锛屾墦鍊�(g猫)姣旀柟锛屾彌瑭炲氨濂芥瘮绲︿竴鍊�(g猫)濂冲瀛愬寲濡�锛屽寲寰楀啀婕備寒鍒颁簡鏅氫笂浜哄閭勬槸瑕佸嵏濡濈殑锛屾墍浠ュ湪闊撳湅灏辨湁寰堝鐨勫コ鎬ч伕鎿囨暣瀹归€欓爡(xi脿ng)鏂规硶渚嗗竟搴曠殑鏀硅畩鑷繁銆傚皪浜庢垜鍊戝浣滀篃鏄竴妯�锛屾棦鐒舵彌瑭炴槸鍖栧锛岄偅涔堜粈涔堟槸鏁村鍛�锛熷氨鏄敼璁婂彞鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆傜啊鍠彞涓嶅儏鍍呮槸鍚屽(xu茅)鍊戠啛鐭ョ殑涓昏瑐璩撴垨鑰呮槸涓荤郴琛ㄧ殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岄倓鏈変竴鍊�(g猫)鎴戝€戠啛鐭ュ嵒鍙堝緢闆ｈ鍚屽(xu茅)鍊戠啛绶翠娇鐢ㄧ殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛歩t is for sb to do sth銆傜殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岄€欏氨鏄富瑾炲緸鍙ョ殑闆涘舰锛岄€欏€�(g猫)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寰堥棞(gu膩n)閸�锛屾槸鎴戝€戣€冪爺瀵綔鍙ュ瀷鐨勯噸榛�(di菐n)涔嬩竴锛岀敤濂藉畠浣犵殑瀵綔灏卞凡缍�(j墨ng)鎴愬姛涓€鍗婁簡?锛孎(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ垜鍊戠湅鐪嬪浣曞皣閫欏€�(g猫)鍙ュ瀷妞嶅叆鎴戝€戠殑渚嬪瓙涓細鈥淚t pays to work hard for success銆傗€�(鈥滃姫鍔涘伐浣滃幓鐛插彇鎴愬姛閫欎欢浜嬫垜鐪嬪€�锛佲€�)閫欐ǎ鐨勫彞瀛愮劇璜栨槸鍦ㄥ彞鍨嬪拰鎰忔€濈殑琛ㄩ仈(d谩)涓婇兘鏄鍚堣€冪爺瀵綔楂樺垎瑕佹眰鐨勩€�

銆€銆€涓�銆佹(g貌u)鎬濇柟寮忕殑鎻愬崌

銆€銆€鐣�(d膩ng)鎴戝€戞湁浜嗛珮绱氱殑瑭炲尟鍜屽京(f霉)闆滅殑鍙ュ瀷涔嬪悗锛屾槸涓嶆槸灏变竴瀹氳兘瀵嚭楂樺垎鐨勪綔鏂囦簡鍛�锛熶笉涓€瀹�銆傚浣滄槸涓€鍊�(g猫)浜烘€濈董鐨勭悊鎬ц〃閬�(d谩)锛屽洜姝わ紝灏嶄簬瀵綔渚嗚锛屾€濈董鏂瑰紡鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍔ｆ洿鏄竴绡囨枃绔犲ソ鑸囧鐨勬牴鏈€х殑鎸囧悜妯�(bi膩o)銆�

銆€銆€鑻辨枃鏈夎嚜宸辩崹(d煤)鐗圭殑鎬濇兂琛ㄩ仈(d谩)妯″紡锛岀編鍦嬭獮瑷€瀛�(xu茅)瀹剁緟浼壒•鍗℃櫘铇�(Robert B. Kaplan)鏇剧敤鍏╁箙鍦栬〃绀轰腑鏂囧拰鑻辨枃浣跨敤鑰呮€濈董妯″紡鐨勫樊鐣帮細

涓枃鍜岃嫳鏂囦娇鐢ㄨ€呮€濈董妯″紡鐨勫樊鐣�

銆€銆€鑰佸鐪间腑瑭暟鐨勪腑鍦嬩汉鍜屼腑鍦嬩汉鐪间腑瑭暟鐨勮€佸

銆€銆€澶(sh铆)瑭炲尟銆佸彞鍨嬩箣鍚庯紝 鈥滃璁€澶氳儗澶氬鈥濆氨鎴愪簡绶寸繏(x铆)鍦伴亾鑻辨枃瀵綔鎬濈董鐨勬渶绨″柈鍗诲張鏄渶濂界殑鏂瑰紡銆傞柋璁€鍜岃儗瑾︽槸绌嶇疮瑾炶█绱犳潗鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸碉紝銆婃柊姒傚康銆嬪簭瑷€涓敋鑷虫彁鍒扳€滃彧瀵畝閬庣殑瑾炶█鈥�銆傚湪姝ゅ熀绀�(ch菙)涔嬩笂锛屸€滅礄涓婂緱渚嗙祩瑕烘泛锛岀禃鐭ユ浜嬭韬鈥濓紝闁辫畝鑳岃绱犳潗涔嬪悗锛屽浣滄彁楂橀渶瑕佸ぇ閲忕殑瀵�(sh铆)鎴�(zh脿n)婕旂繏(x铆)銆�

銆€銆€鑱借畝閮芥湁绮炬硾涔嬪垎锛屽浣滃悓妯ｅ彲鍒嗙簿瀵拰娉涘锛氱簿瀵殑鐩殑鏄⿳绱獮瑷€绱犳潗锛屽彲浠ユ敼瀵�(鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑瑾炶█琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鏂囩珷)銆佺府瀵�銆佺簩(x霉)瀵垨涓婚浣滄枃銆傜簿瀵彁楂樼殑闂�(gu膩n)閸靛湪浜庝慨鏀�锛屽ソ鏂囩珷涓嶅儏鏄鍑轰締鐨�锛屾洿鏄敼鍑轰締鐨�锛屽嵆浣挎槸鏂囧(xu茅)澶у涔熸槸濡傛锛屽煿鏍瑰皪鍏跺偝涓栦箣浣溿€婅珫瑾枃闆嗐€嬩腑鐨勬瘡绡囨枃绔犻兘鏇句慨鏀规暩(sh霉)閬�锛屾櫄骞存洿鏄皣鍏剁疆浜庢灂鍋�(c猫)锛屼笉鏅�(sh铆)鍔犱互澧炲埅銆備慨鏀圭殑闂�(gu膩n)閸靛湪浜庡姞寮�(qi谩ng)瑭炲尟婧�(zh菙n)纰烘€�锛屽彞鍨嬪妯ｅ寲鍜屾€濇兂娴佹殺鎬�锛屽悓瀛�(xu茅)鍊戣閲嶈鏁欏斧鎵规敼鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�锛屽璜嬫暀鍜岃◣璜�锛屾垨鑰呭彲浠ラ噰鐢ㄤ簰鎵逛簰鏀圭殑鏂瑰紡绶寸繏(x铆)銆傛硾瀵噸鍦ㄦ彁楂樿〃閬�(d谩)鐔熺反搴﹀拰娴佹殺鎬�锛屼笉蹇呴亷鍒嗘嫎娉ヤ簬琛ㄩ仈(d谩)婧�(zh菙n)纰烘€�锛岃€岄噸鍦ㄦ祦鍒╁湴鐢ㄨ嫳鏂囪〃閬�(d谩)鎬濇兂銆傛硾瀵彲閲囩敤鑷敱瀵綔(Free Writing)鎴栬嫳鏂囨棩瑷樼殑鏂瑰紡锛岄毃鏅�(sh铆)瑷橀寗鑷繁鐨勬墍鎬濇墍鎯炽€傚彧瑕佸悓瀛�(xu茅)鍊戞寜鐓ч€欐ǎ鐨勬柟寮忓爡(ji膩n)鎸佺反缈�(x铆)涓嬪幓锛屽畾鑳藉湪鍐鐨勮€冪爺瀵綔涓彇寰楃悊鎯崇殑鎴愮妇銆�

銆€銆€鏈€鍚庡笇鏈涘悓瀛�(xu茅)鍊戝湪鑰冪爺鐨勯亾璺笂濮嬬祩鍫�(ji膩n)瀹氳嚜宸辩殑鏈€鍒濆畾涓嬬殑淇″康锛屾矑鏈変粈涔堝彲浠ラ樆鎿嬫垜鍊戦€氬悜鎴愬姛锛岄€欐閬撹矾涓婃湁浣�銆佹湁鎴�銆�

銆€銆€                                 鏂版澅鏂硅€冪爺鑻辫獮瀵綔鍚嶅斧 楂樼埥