銆€銆€In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the 鈥淥rigin of Species鈥� is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that 鈥淚 have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree?锛�?(49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was 鈥渟uperior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully?锛�?/p>

銆€銆€Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: 鈥淣ow for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music銆傗€� (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character銆�

銆€銆€鐪熼瑙ｆ瀽

銆€銆€46. He believes / that (this very )difficulty may have had the compensating advantage (of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, // and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations銆�)

銆€銆€鍙ュ瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽

銆€銆€(1)鏈彞鏄竴鍊�(g猫)涓诲緸寰�(f霉)鍚堝彞锛屽惈鏈変竴鍊�(g猫)that寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勮硴瑾炲緸鍙�锛涘叾涓诲共鏄痟e believes that (difficulty may have had the advantage)銆�

銆€銆€(2)璩撹獮寰炲彞鈥渢hat this very鈥(hu谩n)is own observations鈥濆惈鏈塷f寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫叐鍊�(g猫)鍚庣疆瀹氳獮鈥渙f forcing him to鈥(hu谩n)is own observations鈥濓紱鐢变簬鏄垎瑭炵煭瑾炰綔瀹氳獮锛屼笖澶暦锛岀炕璀檪(sh铆)瑕佹壘鍒拌垏涓诲彞鐨勯倧杓棞(gu膩n)绯�锛岀炕璀垚闈炲畾瑾炴垚鍒�銆�

銆€銆€瑭炶獮鐢ㄦ硶瑙ｉ噵

銆€銆€(1)very

銆€銆€adj. 琛ㄧず鈥滅湡姝ｇ殑锛岀湡瀵�(sh铆)鐨�锛屾伆濂界殑鈥濈瓑绛�銆�

銆€銆€adv. 琛ㄧず鈥滃緢锛岀敋锛屽強鍏�锛岄潪甯�锛屽畬鍏ㄢ€濈瓑銆備緥濡傦細The very idea of cheating people again is distasteful to him銆�(浠栦竴鎯冲埌閭勮娆洪浜哄氨鎰熷埌寰堜笉鏄粙鍛炽€�)

銆€銆€琛ㄧず鍔犲挤(qi谩ng)瑾炴埃锛屾剰鎬濇槸鈥滃氨鏄�锛屾鏄€�锛屽師鏂囨鏄绋敤娉�銆�

銆€銆€(2)compensate

銆€銆€vi.&vt. 琛ㄧず鈥滆(b菙)鍎燂紝璩犲劅锛岄叕鍫�(b脿o)鈥濈瓑銆傚锛歵o compensate  sb. for (鐐衡€︹€﹀悜鏌愪汉璩犲劅)锛孨othing can compensate the young mother for the loss of her favrourite daughter銆�(骞磋紩鐨勫濯藉柂澶变簡鑷繁蹇冩剾鐨勫コ鍏掓槸浠讳綍鏉辫タ涔熷綄瑁�(b菙)涓嶄簡鐨勩€�)鏈彞鏄叾鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ垎瑭炰綔瀹氳獮锛岃鎴愨€滃綄瑁�(b菙)鐨勶紝瑁�(b菙)鍎�?sh霉)鎽硅杽?/p>

銆€銆€(3)advantage

銆€銆€n銆傝〃绀衡€滃劒(y艒u)鍕�锛屾湁鍒╂浠�锛屽埄鐩�锛屼究鍒┾€濈瓑绛�銆傚锛歁any women think this is an advantage for men. (瑷卞濠﹀コ瑾�(r猫n)鐐洪€欐槸鐢蜂汉鐨勫劒(y艒u)瓒婁箣铏曘€�)This hall combines the advantages of the ball room and of a meeting place銆�(閫欏€�(g猫)澶у怀鏃㈠彲浣滆垶寤�锛屽張鍙綔鏈�(hu矛)鍫�銆�)

銆€銆€甯哥敤鐭獮锛歵ake advantage of (鍒╃敤锛屾楱�)锛宎t an advantage (鏈夊埄鍦�)锛宐e of advantage to (灏嶁€︹€︽湁鍒�)锛実ain an advantage over/of (鍕濋亷锛� 鍎�(y艒u)浜�)銆�

銆€銆€(4)enable 瑕�2009骞�49椤岃В閲�銆�

銆€銆€(5)detect

銆€銆€vt銆傝〃绀衡€滅櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽療瑕�锛屾敞鎰忓埌鈥�銆備緥锛歍he dentist could detect no sign of decay in her teeth銆�(鐗欓啱(y墨)鍦ㄥス鐨勭墮榻掍笂鎵句笉鍒拌泙铦曠殑璺¤薄銆�)琛ㄧず鈥滃伒瀵熷嚭锛屾煡鏄�(甯歌垏in閫ｇ敤)鈥�銆備緥濡傦細He was detected in the act of stealing銆�(浠栧湪鍋风珚鏅�(sh铆)琚暥(d膩ng)鍫寸櫦(f膩)瑕�銆�)姝よ檿鏄€滄煡鏄庯紝鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鈥濈殑鎰忔€濄€�

銆€銆€(6)reason

銆€銆€n銆傝〃绀衡€滅悊鐢�锛� 鍘熷洜锛� 鍕�(d貌ng)姗�(j墨)锛� 鐞嗘櫤锛� 鍓嶆彁鈥濈瓑銆傚锛歍here are reasons for this great interest in the ideas, feelings, and actions of youth銆�(灏嶅勾杓曚汉鐨勬€濇兂銆佹劅鎯呭拰琛屽嫊(d貌ng)鐧�(f膩)鐢熼€欐ǎ宸ㄥぇ鐨勮垐瓒�锛� 鑷湁瀹冪殑閬撶悊銆�)

銆€銆€vt銆傝〃绀衡€滆鏈�锛� 鎺ㄨ珫锛� 杈珫鈥�銆傚锛歳eason with sb. for/against sth. (鍥犺磰鎴�/鍙嶅皪鈥︹€﹀悓鏌愪汉璎涢亾鐞�/杈珫)銆�

銆€銆€vi銆傝〃绀衡€滄帹璜�锛� 鍕歌锛� 鎬濊€冣€濄€傚锛歵o reason a person out of fear(鍕镐汉鍒ュ鎬�)銆�

銆€銆€甯哥敤鐭獮锛歩t stands to reason (鍚堜箮閬撶悊)锛寃ith reason (鏈夌悊鐢�锛屽悎涔庢儏鐞�)銆備緥濡傦細He thinks, with reason, that I don鈥檛 like him銆�(浠栨湁鐞嗙敱瑾�(r猫n)鐐烘垜涓嶅枩姝′粬銆�)

銆€銆€鏈彞鍙鎴愨€滄帹鐞嗏€�銆�

銆€銆€鍙冭€冭鏂�

銆€銆€浠�(閬�(d谩)鐖炬枃)瑾�(r猫n)鐐�锛屾鏄€欑ó鍥伴洠璧蜂簡褰岃(b菙)浣滅敤锛屼娇浠栭暦鏅�(sh铆)闁撳皥娉ㄥ湴鎬濊€冩瘡鍊�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙锛屽緸鑰岃兘鍦ㄦ帹鐞嗗拰瑕嚜瑙€瀵熶腑鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鑷繁鐨勯尟(cu貌)瑾ゃ€�

銆€銆€47. He asserted, // also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, / for which reason he felt certain // that he never could have succeeded with mathematics銆�

銆€銆€鍙ュ瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽

銆€銆€(1)鏈彞鏄竴鍊�(g猫)寰�(f霉)闆滅殑涓诲緸寰�(f霉)鍚堝彞锛屽寘鎷叐鍊�(g猫)that寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勮硴瑾炲緸鍙ャ€佷竴鍊�(g猫)for寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫師鍥犵媭瑾炲緸鍙�锛屼富鍙ョ殑涓诲共鏄痟e asserted that (his power was very limited)銆�

銆€銆€(2)涓诲彞鎵€鍚殑璩撹獮寰炲彞涓�锛屼富骞叉槸his power was very limited; to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought鏄笉瀹氬紡浣滃悗缃畾瑾�锛岀敱浜庡お闀�锛屽彲浠ヨ檿鐞嗘垚闈炲畾瑾炴垚鍒�銆�

銆€銆€(3)鍘熷洜鐙€瑾炲緸鍙ヤ腑鎵€鍚殑璩撹獮寰炲彞鏄痟e never could have succeeded with mathematics锛岀敱浜庡お闀�锛屽皣鍏舵斁鍦ㄨ硴瑁�(b菙)certain涔嬪悗銆�

銆€銆€瑭炶獮鐢ㄦ硶瑙ｉ噵

銆€銆€(1)assert

銆€銆€v銆傝〃绀衡€滃绋憋紝 鏂疯█锛� 鑱叉槑锛涚董璀�(h霉)锛� 鍫�(ji膩n)鎸佲€濈瓑銆傚锛歛ssert one鈥檚 rights (缍(h霉)鑷繁鐨勬瑠(qu谩n)鍒�)锛宎ssert sth. to be true(鏂疯█鏌愪簨鏄湡瀵�(sh铆)鐨�)锛宎ssert national independence (缍(h霉)姘戞棌鐛�(d煤)绔�)銆�     鏈彞涓彲璀偤鈥滆獚(r猫n)鐐�锛屾柗瑷€鈥�銆�

銆€銆€(2)train

銆€銆€n銆傝〃绀衡€滃垪杌�锛� 琛屽垪锛� 鍚庢灉锛� 闋嗗簭鈥濈瓑銆傚锛歛 train of events (涓€閫ｄ覆鐨勪簨浠�)銆�

銆€銆€v銆傝〃绀衡€�(甯歌垏to閫ｇ敤)鍩归(y菐ng)锛屾暀灏�(d菐o)锛岃〒(x霉n)绶粹€�銆傚锛歁r. Hart has trained his daughter for years. (鍝堢壒鍏堢敓宸茶〒(x霉n)绶磋嚜宸卞コ鍏掑骞淬€�)

銆€銆€鏈彞涓彲璀偤鈥滀竴閫ｄ覆鐨勨€�銆�

銆€銆€(3)limit

銆€銆€n銆傝〃绀衡€滅晫闄�锛� 闄愬害锛� 闄愬埗鈥�銆備緥濡傦細There is a limit to the amount of money I can afford. (鎴戣兘浠樺緱璧风殑閷㈡暩(sh霉)鏄湁闄愮殑銆�)

銆€銆€vt銆傝〃绀衡€滄笡灏�锛岄檺鍒讹紝 闄愬畾(甯歌垏to鎼厤)鈥�銆備緥濡傦細My mother limits the amount of food that I eat. (鎴戞瘝瑕檺鍒舵垜鐨勯／閲�銆�)

銆€銆€(4)follow

銆€銆€v銆傝〃绀衡€滆窡闅�锛� 杩介毃锛岃拷姹�锛涚悊瑙ｏ紱 閬靛惊鈥濈瓑绛�銆傚锛欼 didn鈥檛 follow his line of reasoning. (鎴戜笉鏄庣櫧浠栫殑鎺ㄧ悊鏂规硶銆�)We shall follow closely the latest advance of the subject in the world. (鎴戝€戝皣瀵嗗垏娉ㄦ剰涓栫晫涓婇€欎竴瑾查鐨勬渶鏂伴€�(j矛n)灞�銆�)

銆€銆€甯哥敤鐭獮锛歛s follows (濡備笅)銆�

銆€銆€姝よ檿鍙鐐衡€滅悊瑙ｂ€�銆�

銆€銆€鍙冭€冭鏂�

銆€銆€浠栭倓瑾�(r猫n)鐐�锛屽湪娣卞叆鐞嗚В鍐楅暦涓斿畬鍏ㄦ娊璞＄殑涓€绯诲垪瑙€榛�(di菐n)鏂归潰锛岃嚜宸辩殑鑳藉姏闈炲父鏈夐檺锛涘洜姝わ紝浠栨浘娣变俊鑷繁鍦�鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鏂归潰鏈締灏变笉瑭茬嵅寰楁垚鍔�銆�

銆€銆€48. (On the other hand)锛� he did not accept as well founded the charge (made by some of his critics)/ that, while he was a good observer,// he had no power of reasoning銆�

銆€銆€鍙ュ瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽

銆€銆€(1)鏈彞鏄竴鍊�(g猫)寰�(f霉)闆滅殑鐢盿s well閫ｆ帴鐨勫苟鍒楀彞锛屽叾涓倓鍚湁涓€鍊�(g猫)甯惰畵姝ョ媭瑾炲緸鍙ョ殑鍚屼綅瑾炲緸鍙ワ紝涓诲彞鐨勪富骞叉槸he did not accept as well founded the charge銆�

銆€銆€(2)while he was a good observer, he had no power or reasoning鏄竴鍊�(g猫)璁撴鐙€瑾炲緸鍙�锛屼篃鏄痶he charge鐨勫悓浣嶈獮锛岄渶瑕佸柈鐛�(d煤)缈昏锛屽啀閲嶅京(f霉)鍚屼綅瑾炵殑鍏堣瑭�銆�

銆€銆€(3)鏍规摎(j霉)婕㈣獮閭忚集闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽厛璀悓浣嶈獮寰炲彞锛屽啀璀富鍙�锛屽苟灏嶅叾浠栨垚鍒嗕綔鍑洪仼鐣�(d膩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鏁�銆�

銆€銆€瑭炶獮鐢ㄦ硶瑙ｉ噵

銆€銆€(1)as well  琛ㄧず鈥滀篃锛屽張锛屽悓妯ｂ€�锛岄€ｆ帴骞跺垪鎴愬垎锛屾铏曢€ｆ帴didn鈥檛 accept鍜宖ounded鍏╁€�(g猫)鍚﹀畾璎傝獮銆�

銆€銆€(2)found

銆€銆€v銆傝〃绀衡€滃缓绔�锛屽壍(chu脿ng)绔嬶紱(鑸噊n, upon閫ｇ敤)寤虹珛鍦ㄢ€︹€﹀熀绀�(ch菙)涓�锛涗互鈥︹€︾偤鏍规摎(j霉)鈥濈瓑绛�銆備緥濡傦細a story founded on fact (浠ヤ簨瀵�(sh铆)鐐烘牴鎿�(j霉)鐨�鏁呬簨)銆傚湪鏈彞涓殑founded琛ㄧず鈥滀互鈥︹€︾偤鏍规摎(j霉)鐨�锛屾湁鏍规摎(j霉)鐨勨€濓紝浣嗗洜?y脿n)姗涜挬s well閫ｆ帴锛岄兘鏄痙idn鈥檛鐨勫惁瀹氬収(n猫i)瀹�锛屾墍浠ヨ璀偤鈥滄矑鏈夋牴鎿�(j霉)鐨勨€濓紝閫欐槸鐞嗚В鍜岀炕璀湰鍙ヨ┍鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸�銆�

銆€銆€(3)charge

銆€銆€n銆傝〃绀衡€滈浕鑽�锛� 璨�(f猫i)鐢�锛� 涓荤锛� 鎺岀锛涘厖闆�锛� 鍏呮埃锛� 瑁濇枡鈥濈瓑绛�銆傚锛歍he charge carries a possible sentence of three years銆�(閫欓爡(xi脿ng)鎺у憡鍙兘瑕佸垽涓夊勾寰掑垜銆�)

銆€銆€v銆傝〃绀衡€滆婊�锛涙帶瑷�(鑸噖ith鎼厤)锛� 璨�(z茅)浠�锛� 鍛婅锛� 鎸囩ず锛� 鍔犵姜浜庯紱 娌栭嫆锛� 鏀惰不(f猫i)鈥濈瓑绛夈€傚锛欻e was charged with stealing a car銆�(浠栬鎸囨帶鍋蜂簡涓€杓涙苯杌�銆�)

銆€銆€甯哥敤鐭獮锛歩n charge of (璨�(f霉)璨�(z茅))锛宑harge sb. with sth. (鎺у憡鏌愪汉鏌愪簨)銆�

銆€銆€鏈彞鍙鐐衡€滄壒瑭�锛屾寚璨�(z茅)鈥�銆�

銆€銆€鍙冭€冭鏂�

銆€銆€鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛屼竴浜涙壒瑭曞鎸囪铂(z茅)瑾�锛岀洝绠′粬鍠勪簬瑙€瀵�锛屼絾鍗讳笉鑳芥帹鐞�锛屼粬灏嶆鏃笉鎺ュ彈涓旇獚(r猫n)鐐烘鐒℃牴鎿�(j霉)銆�

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