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銆€銆€涓嬮潰鏄�2009骞磋€冪爺缈昏鐨勫(sh铆)渚嬶細

銆€銆€Part C  Directions:

銆€銆€Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

銆€銆€There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world鈥檚 work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output銆�

銆€銆€But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young銆�

銆€銆€(50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education鈥攖hat of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group銆�

銆€銆€46.鍙互瑾紝琛￠噺浠讳綍绀炬渻(hu矛)鍒跺害鐨勫児(ji脿)鍊煎湪浜庡畠灏嶆摯(ku貌)澶у拰鏀归€�(j矛n)缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)鐨勫奖闊�锛屼絾鏄€欑ó褰遍熆骞朵笉鏄畠鏈€鍒濆嫊(d貌ng)姗�(j墨)鐨勭祫鎴愰儴鍒嗐€�

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銆€銆€48.鍦ㄥ拰骞磋紩浜轰氦寰€鏅�(sh铆)锛屾垜鍊�?n猫i)鑿€缂€闆庡绾︽棻鐢疯ⅷ闁肺婚簞鍐冩効绔︽尃缁�?锛屼絾鏄湪鑸囨垚浜烘墦浜ら亾鏅�(sh铆)鍗诲苟涓嶅姝ゅ鏄�銆�

銆€銆€49.鏃㈢劧鎴戝€戠殑涓昏浠诲嫏(w霉)鏄畵骞磋紩浜哄弮鑸囧叡鍚岀敓娲�锛屾垜鍊戠涓嶄綇瑕佽€冩叜鏄惁鎴戝€戞鍦ㄥ舰鎴愮嵅寰楅€欑ó鑳藉姏鐨勫姏閲�銆�

銆€銆€50.鍥犳锛屾垜鍊戣鍦ㄥ緸涓€鐩磋€冩叜鐨勬暣鍊�(g猫)鏁欒偛閬庣▼涓鲸瑾�(r猫n)鍑轰竴绋瘮杓冩瑕�(gu墨)鐨勬暀鑲测€斺€旂洿鎺ユ暀鑲叉垨鑰呭(xu茅)鏍℃暀鑲�銆�

銆€銆€缍�(j墨ng)閬庡皪鑰冪爺澶х侗鍜岀湡椤岀殑瑙ｈ畝锛屾垜鍊戣獚(r猫n)鐐鸿€冪爺缈昏閮ㄥ垎鐨勭附楂旇姹傛噳(y墨ng)瑭叉槸鈥滆鏂囨簴(zh菙n)纰恒€佸畬鏁�銆侀€氶爢鈥濓紝閫欒垏缈昏鐨勪竴鑸(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鈥滃繝瀵�(sh铆)鑰岄€氶爢鈥濇槸鍩烘湰涓€鑷寸殑銆傗€滄簴(zh菙n)纰�銆佸畬鏁粹€濆氨鏄鈥滃繝瀵�(sh铆)鈥濅簬鍘熸枃锛屾妸鍘熸枃鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰畬鏁磋€屾簴(zh菙n)纰哄湴琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鍑轰締锛屼笉鑳藉皪鍘熸枃鍋氫换鎰忕殑澧炲姞鎴栧埅娓�?锛佸反顭愭Ж淇濐儽鍌呮皷浜瞘鏂囩殑瑾炶█瑕侀倧杓€氶爢锛岀鍚堟饥瑾炵殑瑾炶█鏂囧瓧瑕�(gu墨)鑼�锛屾矑鏈夋槑椤殑鈥滅炕璀厰鈥濄€�

銆€銆€绺戒箣锛岃绗﹀悎鈥滄簴(zh菙n)纰�銆佸畬鏁�銆侀€氶爢鈥濈殑鑰冪爺缈昏妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛岃鏂囧繀闋堝湪瀹屾暣鑰屾簴(zh菙n)纰鸿〃閬�(d谩)鍘熸枃鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭殑鍩虹(ch菙)涓婄鍚堟饥瑾炵殑琛ㄩ仈(d谩)瑕�(gu墨)鑼�锛屾矑鏈夐倧杓尟(cu貌)瑾�銆佽獮瑷€姝х京銆佹櫐婢€闆ｆ噦绛夌従(xi脿n)璞�銆�

銆€銆€浜屻€佽€冪爺缈昏鐨勮⿻鍒嗘(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)澶х侗瑕�(gu墨)瀹�锛岃€冪爺缈昏鐨勮⿻鍒嗘(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)濡備笅锛�

銆€銆€闁辫畝鐞嗚ВC绡€(ji茅)锛� 5灏忛锛屾瘡椤�2鍒嗭紝鍏�10鍒�銆�

銆€銆€濡傛灉鍙ュ瓙璀枃鏄庨’鎵洸鍘熸枃鎰忔€�锛岃┎鍙ュ緱鍒嗘渶澶氫笉瓒呴亷0.5鍒�銆�

銆€銆€[娆￠爜妯�(bi膩o)椤�= 灏�(d菐o)鑸煭妯�(bi膩o)椤�=]

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銆€銆€涓嬭〃鏄嚜1990骞翠互渚嗚€冪爺缈昏閮ㄥ垎鐨勪富瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹瑰強楂旇锛�

銆€銆€1990骞达細浜虹殑鎬ф牸鍜岃鐐哄垎鏋�(璀拌珫鏂�)  2000骞达細鏀垮簻鑸囩稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鐧�(f膩)灞�(璀拌珫鏂�)

銆€銆€1991骞达細鑳芥簮鍜岃静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鍟忛(璀拌珫鏂�)       2001骞达細瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鑸囨湭渚嗙敓娲�(璀拌珫鏂�)

銆€銆€1992骞达細鏅哄姏瑭曚及鐨勭瀛�(xu茅)鎬�(璀拌珫鏂�)    2002骞达細琛岀偤绉戝(xu茅)(璀拌珫鏂�)

銆€銆€1993骞达細绉戝(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐨勬柟娉�(璀拌珫鏂�)       2003骞达細浜洪瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒(璀拌珫鏂�)

銆€銆€1994骞达細绉戞妧鑸囩瀛�(xu茅)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�(璀拌珫鏂�) 2004骞达細瑾炶█瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭爺绌�(璀拌珫鏂�)

銆€銆€1995骞达細妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍖栨脯瑭�(璀拌珫鏂�)           2005骞达細闆昏濯掍粙(璀拌珫鏂�)

銆€銆€1996骞达細 绉戝(xu茅)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑宸垾鍜屽嫊(d貌ng)鍔�(璀拌珫鏂�)2006骞达細缇庡湅鐨勭煡璀樺垎瀛�(璀拌珫鏂�)

銆€銆€1997骞达細鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╃殑娆�(qu谩n)鍒╁晱椤�(璀拌珫鏂�)       2007骞达細娉曞(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐨勬剰缇�(璀拌珫鏂�)

銆€銆€1998骞达細澶х垎鐐哥悊璜�(璀拌珫鏂�)           2008骞达細璜栭仈(d谩)鐖炬枃鐨勬€濇兂(璀拌珫鏂�)

銆€銆€1999骞达細姝峰彶瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒(璀拌珫鏂�)           2009骞达細鏁欒偛鐮旂┒(璀拌珫鏂�)

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)灏嶈繎骞翠締鑰冪爺缈昏鐪熼鍙婂懡椤屽舰寮忕殑鍒嗘瀽鍜岀爺绌�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ョ櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鑰冪爺缈昏鍩烘湰鍏锋湁浠ヤ笅骞惧€�(g猫)鏄庨’鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛�

銆€銆€棣栧厛锛岄珨瑁佸浐瀹�锛屼絾鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰唬娉涖€傝繎骞翠締锛岃€冪爺缈昏鐭枃鐨勯珨瑁佸熀鏈笂鏄璜栨枃锛屽収(n猫i)瀹规瘮杓冨唬娉�锛屼富瑕佹秹鍙婁汉鍊戞墍鏅亶闂�(gu膩n)蹇冪殑绀炬渻(hu矛)銆�鏀挎不銆佺稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)銆佹枃鍖栥€佺鎶€銆侀亾寰枫€佹鍙�銆佹枃鍖栥€佸摬瀛�(xu茅)銆佸績鐞嗙瓑鍟忛銆�

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