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绗竴锛氭彁楂橀柋璁€鐨勯€熷害
1.璺宠簫寮忛柋璁€
璺宠簫寮忛柋璁€鎵€瑕佽烦韬嶇殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭暥(d膩ng)鐒舵槸鍜屾枃绔犱腑蹇冩矑(m茅i)鏈夊お澶氳伅(li谩n)绯荤殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆傚灏�(du矛)鏌愪竴灏堝鐨勯牠閵滆(shu艒)鏄�锛岄€欓鏂囧瓧鍏�(n猫i)瀹硅垏鏂囩珷鐨勪腑蹇冮洊涓嶇浉闂�(gu膩n)锛屽嵒鏈�(hu矛)缍�(j墨ng)甯告渻(hu矛)鍦ㄦ枃涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)銆�
濡�1990骞寸殑瑭﹂锛� Passage 2
......
“but there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,”says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.
2.鎺冩弿寮忛柋璁€
鎺冩弿寮忛柋璁€鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹硅垏璺宠簫寮忕殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭浉姣�锛岃垏鏂囩珷鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯荤◢绋嶇穵瀵嗕竴浜�锛屼絾涓€鑸笉鏄€冭│鐨勯噸榛�(di菐n)锛屾垜鍊戝彧闇€灏�(du矛)鍏舵湁澶ц嚧鍗拌薄鍗冲彲銆傞€欓鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛竴鑸敱鐢ㄤ締(l谩i)瑾�(shu艒)鏄庝腑蹇冪殑璜栨摎(j霉)妲�(g貌u)鎴愩€傜暥(d膩ng)涓績宸茬稉(j墨ng)寰堟槑纰轰簡锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ュ皪(du矛)瑾�(shu艒)鏄庝腑蹇冪殑鍏烽珨璜栨摎(j霉)瀵�(sh铆)琛屽揩閫熸巸鎻忋€�
濡�1988骞磋│椤�锛孭assage 3
… …
It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing. Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins. Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week. The new man-made fibers are more hardwearing than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.
… …
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