鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
銆€銆€寰炪€�2010骞�鑰冪爺鑻辫獮澶х侗瑙f瀽銆嬫垜鍊戝彲浠ユ帹娓竴榛烇細2010骞磋嫳瑾炲ぇ缍遍棞(gu膩n)浜庡偝绲�(t菕ng)闁辫畝閮ㄥ垎鐐虹櫦(f膩)鐢熻畩鍖�銆傛垜鍊�?n猫i)閽ユⅱ鍥噾璧电搲娣艰喒?f霉)缈�(x铆)鏂规鎻愰珮闁辫畝鑳藉姏鍜屽仛椤屾簴(zh菙n)纰虹巼銆�
銆€銆€涓嶅悓鐨勪汉鏈夎憲涓嶅悓鐨勯柋璁€鎶€宸�銆傛湁浜轰富寮靛厛鐪嬮鐩紝鍚庣湅鏂囩珷锛涗篃鏈変汉涓诲嫉鍏堢湅鏂囩珷锛屽悗鐪嬮鐩�銆備絾鍏剁洰鐨勫彧鏈変竴鍊�锛岄偅灏辨槸蹇€熺€忚鏂囩珷锛屾姄浣忔枃涓€冮粸锛屾簴(zh菙n)纰哄揩閫熺殑绛旈銆傚湪閫欓噷锛岀瓎鑰呮帹钖︿竴绋柋璁€鏂规硶锛屽苟绋嶅姞鍒嗘瀽銆�
銆€銆€绗竴姝ワ細鎺冩弿椤岀洰銆�
銆€銆€閫欓噷鐨勬巸鎻忚垏閫氬父鎵€瑾殑閭gó瑭﹀湒鍘荤€忚姣忓€嬮骞�銆佸苟瑷樹綇鍏ㄩ儴鎻愬晱鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�锛屼互渚垮湪闁辫畝涓洿鎺ユ壘鍑虹瓟妗堢殑鍏堢湅椤岀洰鍚庤畝鏂囩珷鐨勬柟娉曟槸瀹屽叏涓嶅悓鐨勩€傚悗鑰呴洊鐒跺湪鐞嗚珫涓婃槸鏈変簺閬撶悊锛屼絾鍦ㄥ闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑鏄牴鏈笉鍒囧闅涳紝鍙槸鍦ㄦ氮璨诲璨寸殑鑰冭│鏅傞枔銆傚洜鐐轰竴鍊嬩汉鎯宠鐎忚骞惰浣忓叏閮ㄩ鐩殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸紝澶х磩闇€瑕�2锝�3鍒嗛悩锛岀暥(d膩ng)鑰冪敓鎶婇€欎簺瑷樹綇鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰付鍏ユ枃绔犵殑闁辫畝涓紝澶ц叇鍙堝皣瓒ㄤ簬绌虹櫧銆傚父浜虹殑澶ц叇涓嶅彲鑳藉湪閫欎箞鐭殑鏅傞枔閲屽婊块€欎箞澶氱殑鏉辫タ锛岄€欎箣鍓嶆墍鑺辩殑2锝�3鍒嗛悩瀵惰泊鐨勬檪闁撲篃灏卞畬鍏ㄨ娴不鎺変簡銆傛湰铏曟墍鎺ㄨ枽鐨勬巸鎻忛鐩儏闄愪簬鍘荤櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)椤屽共涓槸鍚︽湁浜哄悕(鍥犵偤椤岀洰涓竴鏃﹀嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜哄悕寰堟湁鍙兘鏄嚌灏嶄汉鐗╄榛炵殑鎻愬晱锛岃浣忎汉鍚嶅氨鍙互鍦ㄤ笅涓€姝ョ殑闁辫畝涓湁鎰忚瓨鐨勫幓闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄨ┎浜虹墿鐨勮榛�)浠ュ強闇€瑕佹帹鏂疯缇╃殑鍠鎴栬绲勭殑鍑虹従(xi脿n)(閫欑ó鎺冩弿澶х磩鏈冭姳2锝�3绉掗悩銆備簨瀵﹁瓑鏄�锛屼汉鐨勫ぇ鑵﹀湪鎺冩弿鐨勪竴鐬枔鍘昏浣忎竴鍏╁€嬪柈瑭炴槸鍙鐨�锛屽嵆浣胯│椤岀暥(d膩ng)涓矑鏈夋垜鍊戞墍闇€瑕佺殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸紝2锝�3绉掗悩鐨勬悕澶辨瘮璧�2锝�3鍒嗛悩鐨勬悕澶辫灏忓緱澶�)銆傚湪涓嬩竴姝ョ殑鏂囩珷闁辫畝涓垜鍊戝氨鏈冩湁鎰忚瓨鐨勫幓鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鑸囬骞蹭腑鎻愬埌鐨勪汉鐗╂垨鍠鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勪竴浜涗俊鎭�锛岀偤鎴戝€戝湪鍋氶鏅傝繀閫熷畾浣嶆墦涓嬪熀绀�(ch菙)銆傝垏涔嬬浉鍙嶇殑鍏堢湅鏂囩珷銆佸悗鐪嬮鐩�锛屼竴鏃﹂鐩腑鍑虹従(xi脿n)閫欑ó鍟忛锛屽張蹇呴爤閲嶆柊鍥炲埌鏂囩珷涓幓鎵�銆備簨瀵﹁瓑鏄�锛岃鍦ㄤ竴绡�400锝�600鍊嬪柈瑭炵殑鏂囩珷涓幓鏌ユ壘鍒颁竴鍊嬩汉鍚嶆垨鐢熷柈瑭炴槸瑕佽姳璨讳竴浜涙檪闁撶殑锛岀浉灏嶄簬鎻愬墠鑺�2锝�3绉掗悩鎺冩弿涓殑鏀剁嵅灏忓緱澶氥€�
銆€銆€绗簩姝ワ細闁嬪闁辫畝鏂囩珷銆�
銆€銆€鍦ㄩ€欓噷锛屾垜鍊戦渶瑕佹帉鎻″叐澶ф妧宸с€�
銆€銆€绗竴锛氬(xu茅)鏈冭烦韬嶅拰鎺冩弿寮忛柋璁€锛屼互鎻愰珮闁辫畝鐨勯€熷害銆�
銆€銆€绗簩锛氬(xu茅)鏈冩噳(y墨ng)灏嶆枃涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勪竴浜涢洠榛�锛屽姞娣卞皪鏂囩珷鐨勭悊瑙�銆備笅闈㈠垎鍒ラ€�(j矛n)琛屽垎鏋愶細
銆€銆€绗竴锛氭彁楂橀柋璁€鐨勯€熷害
銆€銆€1.璺宠簫寮忛柋璁€
銆€銆€璺宠簫寮忛柋璁€鎵€瑕佽烦韬嶇殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭暥(d膩ng)鐒舵槸鍜屾枃绔犱腑蹇冩矑鏈夊お澶氳伅(li谩n)绯荤殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆傚灏嶆煇涓€灏堝鐨勯牠閵滆鏄�锛岄€欓鏂囧瓧鍏�(n猫i)瀹硅垏鏂囩珷鐨勪腑蹇冮洊涓嶇浉闂�(gu膩n)锛屽嵒鏈冪稉(j墨ng)甯告渻鍦ㄦ枃涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)銆�
銆€銆€濡�1990骞寸殑瑭﹂锛� Passage 2
銆€銆€....銆�銆�
銆€銆€鈥渂ut there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,鈥漵ays a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers銆�
銆€銆€2.鎺冩弿寮忛柋璁€
銆€銆€鎺冩弿寮忛柋璁€鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹硅垏璺宠簫寮忕殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭浉姣�锛岃垏鏂囩珷鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯荤◢绋嶇穵瀵嗕竴浜涳紝浣嗕竴鑸笉鏄€冭│鐨勯噸榛�锛屾垜鍊戝彧闇€灏嶅叾鏈夊ぇ鑷村嵃璞″嵆鍙€傞€欓鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛竴鑸敱鐢ㄤ締瑾槑涓績鐨勮珫鎿�(j霉)妲�(g貌u)鎴�銆傜暥(d膩ng)涓績宸茬稉(j墨ng)寰堟槑纰轰簡锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ュ皪瑾槑涓績鐨勫叿楂旇珫鎿�(j霉)瀵﹁蹇€熸巸鎻忋€�
銆€銆€濡�1988骞磋│椤�锛孭assage 3
銆€銆€鈥� 鈥�
銆€銆€It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing. Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins. Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week. The new man-made fibers are more hardwearing than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful銆�
銆€銆€鈥� 鈥�
銆€銆€浜�銆侀€氱敤鍏╅粸绛旈娉�
銆€銆€灏嶄簬鑰冪爺闁辫畝瑭﹂锛岀敱浜庡瑙€瑭﹂鏈韩灏嶉伕闋呯殑瑕佹眰鈥斺€旇В鐨勫敮涓€鎬у拰閬搁爡闁撶殑涓嶅彲鐖鎬�(濡傛灉涓嶅叿鍌欓€欏叐鍊嬫€ц唱(zh矛)锛岃│椤屼篃灏变笉鍏锋湁鍏舵湰韬殑瀹㈣鎬т簡)銆傝€岀ぞ鏈冪瀛�(xu茅)鏈韩涓嶅悓浜庤嚜鐒剁瀛�(xu茅)锛屾湁闈炲父鏄庣⒑鐨勭晫闄�銆傚懡椤屼汉鐐轰簡閬垮厤鍏╄€呬箣闁撶殑娌栫獊锛屾墍閬告枃绔犻€氬父鍏锋湁浠ヤ笅鍏╁ぇ鐗归粸锛�
銆€?銆�?鏂囩珷涓績鍠竴銆佺獊鍑�锛屽嵆鏁村€嬫枃绔犵殑瑾槑鎴栬珫杩板潎绶婄穵鍦嶇篂涓€鍊嬩腑蹇冮€�(j矛n)琛屻€�
銆€?銆�?浣滆€呭皪鎵€鎻忚堪鎴栬珫杩扮殑浜嬬墿鎸佹湁鐨勬厠(t脿i)搴﹁璨跺垎鏄�(鐣�(d膩ng)鐒讹紝瀹㈣鎻忚堪鏌愪簺浜嬩欢鐨勬厠(t脿i)搴﹂櫎澶�锛屽洜鐐轰綔鑰呮厠(t脿i)搴︽槸瀹㈣鐨勶紝鐣�(d膩ng)鐒跺氨涓嶆渻娣诲姞鍊嬩汉鐨勮璨朵箣鎱�(t脿i))銆�
銆€銆€涓夈€佸埄鐢ㄦ纰洪伕闋呯壒寰佺洿鎺ュ嬀閬哥瓟妗�
銆€銆€鐢卞瑙€瑭﹂鏈韩灏嶉伕闋呰姹傜殑鍞竴鎬у拰閬搁爡闁撶殑涓嶅彲鐖鎬�锛屾纰洪伕闋呰垏闈炴纰洪伕闋呬箣闁撴槸瀛樺湪鏈唱(zh矛)宸垾鐨�銆傛纰洪伕闋呬綔鐐轰竴鍊嬪ぇ椤�锛屽彈鏂囩珷鏈韩鍜岃│椤岃ō(sh猫)瑷堢殑灞€闄愶紝浠ュ強鍏朵粬鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍥犵礌鐨勫埗绱�锛屽繀鐒跺湪鏁撮珨涓婅〃鐝�(xi脿n)涓€瀹氱殑鐗归粸銆傞€欑ó鐗归粸鍙堣〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑轰竴瀹氱殑瑕�(gu墨)寰�銆備笅闈㈠氨閫欎簺瑕�(gu墨)寰嬮€�(j矛n)琛岄仼鐣�(d膩ng)姝哥磵鍒嗘瀽銆�
銆€銆€1.鍙嶆槧鏂囩珷鍏╂瀹忚涓荤窔鐨勬槸瑙c€�
銆€銆€(1)鏂囩珷鐨勪腑蹇冩€濇兂锛�
銆€銆€(2)浣滆€呭皪鏂囦腑鎵€鏁樹簨鐗╂墍鎸佺殑瑙€榛炴厠(t脿i)搴�銆�
銆€銆€閫欐槸瑙i鐨勫熀瑾�(di脿o)锛屼綔鑰呭湪鏂囩珷涓皪鏁村€嬩簨鐗╂槸鎸佺⿳妤垫闈㈢殑瑭曞児锛岄偅涔堥伕闋呬腑鍑虹従(xi脿n)娑堟サ鍙嶉潰鐨�銆佽垏浜嬪鐩稿弽鐨勮偗瀹氫笉鏈冩槸瑙c€�
銆€銆€2.绛旀褰堟€ц純澶х殑鏄В锛岀禃灏嶇殑涓嶆槸瑙�銆�
銆€銆€閫欎竴鏂归潰鐢辫В鐨勫敮涓€鎬у拰涓嶅彲鐖鎬ф焙瀹氱殑銆傚綀鎬уぇ锛岀櫦(f膩)鎻┖闁撲篃澶�锛屼互鍒╀簬浜嬪悗閬搁爡涓€鏃﹀嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐖锛屽墖鍙互寰炰笉鍚岀殑鏂归潰灏嶄箣閫�(j矛n)琛岃鏄�銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰锛岃鲸璀夊敮鐗╄珫鍛婅ù鎴戝€戯紝涓栫晫鏄案鎭掔櫦(f膩)灞曠殑锛岃€屽皪灏囦締鐨勯爯(y霉)娓張鏄笉纰哄畾鐨�锛屼竴鏃︽妸鑷繁鐨勮榛為亷浜庣禃灏嶅寲锛岀暥(d膩ng)鏂扮殑鐣板父鎯呮硜鐧�(f膩)鐢�锛屽氨鏈冮櫡鍏ョ劇鍙尳鍥炵殑浣欏湴銆傞€欎篃绗﹀悎鍋氫簨瑕佹湁浣欏湴鐨勬湰鎬�銆傞€欓瑙g殑鐗瑰緛涓昏楂旂従(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互涓嬪咕鍊嬫柟闈細
銆€銆€(1)鐗规畩瑾槑鐨勬槸瑙�锛�
銆€銆€(2)涓嶈偗瀹氱殑鏄В锛岄儴鍒嗙殑鏄В锛�
銆€銆€(3)鏈夋浠剁殑鏄В銆佺浉灏嶇殑鏄В锛岀禃灏嶇殑涓嶆槸瑙c€�
銆€銆€3.闆g殑鏄В锛岄€欏拰鍛介瑕�(gu墨)鍓囬噷鍕曟鏈変簺鐩镐技锛岄洠鐨勬瘮瀹规槗鐨勬洿鑳借€冩煡鑰冪敓灏嶈獮瑷€鐨勭悊瑙h兘鍔�锛屽叿楂旈珨鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互涓嬪咕鍊嬫柟闈�銆�
銆€銆€(1)鍚﹀畾鐨勬瘮鑲畾鐨勯洠锛屽惁瀹氱殑鏄В(鍖呮嫭鍚﹀畾銆侀洐閲嶅拰澶氶噸鍚﹀畾)锛�
銆€銆€(2)鎶借薄鐨勬瘮鍏烽珨鐨勯洠锛屾娊璞℃繁鍒荤殑鏄В锛屽叿楂旇啔娣虹殑涓嶆槸瑙�锛屽亸鎰涙繁鍒荤殑鏉辫タ鏄汉涔嬫湰鎬�锛�
銆€銆€(3)鍕曟厠(t脿i)璁婂寲鐨勬瘮闈滄厠(t脿i)鐨勯洠锛屽嫊鎱�(t脿i)璁婂寲鐨勬槸瑙�锛�
銆€銆€(4)涓昏闆d簬瀹㈣锛屼富瑙€鏄В(闄や綔鑰呮暣楂旇榛炲垽鏂峰锛岄€氬父浣滆€呮暣楂旇榛炲垽鍒ワ紝瀹㈣闆d簬涓昏)锛�
銆€銆€(5)鏈煡闆d簬宸茬煡锛屾湭鐭ユ槸瑙c€�
銆€銆€4.灏嶄簬鍚嶈浠f彌锛屽悓椤炴€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勮鏄В锛屼笉鍚岄鐨勪笉鏄В銆�
銆€銆€5.姒傛嫭鐨勫彲浠ョ当(t菕ng)闋�(l菒ng)鍏ㄩ儴鏂囨剰鐨勬槸瑙o紝鑰冩煡鑰冪敓鐨勭悊瑙f绱嶈兘鍔�銆�
銆€銆€6.閬曡儗鐝�(xi脿n)瀵﹂倧杓�銆佷笉鍚堝父鐞嗙殑浠ュ強鑸囩従(xi脿n)瀵︾⿳妤垫纰鸿榛炵浉鎮栫殑锛屼竴瀹氫笉鏄В銆傜爺绌剁敓鑰冭│浣滅偤鍦嬪収(n猫i)瑕�(gu墨)妯″堡娆$殑鑰冭│锛岀浉淇℃矑鏈変汉鏁㈠啋澶╀笅涔嬪ぇ涓嶉仌锛岃€屽紩灏�(d菐o)鑰冪敓璧颁笂姝ч€�銆傚洜姝�锛岀⿳妤电殑鑸囧瑙€鐪熺悊鐩哥鐨勪竴鑸槸瑙c€�
銆€銆€7.鍚岀京鏇挎彌鐨勬槸瑙�锛岀収鎶勫師鏂囩殑涓嶆槸瑙c€�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠h〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬с€佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵︾浉闂�(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�