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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗堬紝閮ㄥ垎瀛�(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞达紱鍧囨彁渚涙敹璨�(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
浜嬭帿澶т簬蹇呭厠锛岀敤鑾ぇ浜庣巹榛�锛屽嫊鑾浜庝笉鎰忥紝璎€鑾杽浜庝笉璀�”锛屾鍒诲悎鐞嗙殑寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)绛栫暐閬�(yu菐n)閲嶈浜庝竴鍛崇殑鍩嬮牠鑻﹁畝锛屽湪鏈夐檺鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁撻噷鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犻珮鏁堢巼鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)锛屽繀闋堣鍒跺畾鍑轰竴濂楀垏鍚堟檪(sh铆)瀹滅殑寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鏂规锛屽洜姝わ紝鎵嶆湁浜嗕笅鏂囩殑鑰冪爺鑻辫獮寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鍏ㄦ敾鐣�銆�
鏄ㄥ瑗块ⅷ(f膿ng)鍑嬬ⅶ妯癸紝鐛�(d煤)涓婇珮妯�锛屾湜鐩″ぉ娑矾
鍦ㄩ倓鏈変笉閬庡咕鍗佸ぉ鍗冲皣韪忎笂鑰冨牬涔嬫檪(sh铆)锛屽悎鐞嗗畨鎺掕ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)绛栫暐鎵嶆槸鐜嬮亾銆傝€冪敓棣栧厛鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鏄庣⒑鍦ㄦ鏅�(sh铆)鑷繁鐨勯瑕佹敾鍫�(ji膩n)闋�(xi脿ng)鐩�锛屾帴涓嬩締鍒跺畾鐩告噳(y墨ng)鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁撹▓(j矛)鍔冿紝鎸夐儴灏辩彮浠樿瀵�(sh铆)鏂�銆�
1. 瑭炲尟
瑭炲尟鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鏃╁湪鍗佷竴涔嬪墠绲�(ji茅)鏉�锛屽鏋滆€冪敓閭勬槸灏嶈嚜宸辩殑瑭炲尟閲忔矑鏈変俊蹇冿紝涓嶅Θ鍢楄│浠ヤ笅姝ラ锛屼互鑳藉鐩℃棭鎿鸿劔瑭炲尟鐨勫あ榄樸€�
a.灏�1994~2004杩戝崄骞翠締鑰冪爺鐪熼涓殑闁辫畝鏂囩珷閫�(j矛n)琛屽揩閫熼柋璁€锛岀閬镐笉瑾�(r猫n)璀樺拰涓嶇啛鎮夌殑鍠閫�(j矛n)琛屾暣鐞�锛屽苟閫氶亷瀛楀吀灏嶄笂杩板柈瑭為€�(j矛n)琛屽京(f霉)缈�(x铆)銆�
b.濡傛灉鎵嬮牠鏈夎€冪爺澶х侗瑭炲尟琛ㄧ殑鑰冪敓锛屽彲灏囪鍖〃鍒嗘垚10~15浠�锛岀敤绛嗘(bi膩o)鍑哄叾涓笉瑾�(r猫n)璀樺拰涓嶇啛鎮夊柈瑭烇紝骞跺揩閫熺啛鎮夊叾鍩烘湰鍚京锛屾彁楂樿瓨瑭炶兘鍔涘拰鏁�(sh霉)閲�銆�
c.濡傛灉鎵嬮牠鏈夊叾浠栬鍖浉鐨勮€冪敓锛屽缓璀伴仼鐣�(d膩ng)鍙冭€冨凡璩艰卜鐨勮鍖浉锛屽挨鍏舵槸鍦ㄦ檪(sh铆)闁撶穵杩殑鎯呮硜涓�锛岀閬稿父鐢ㄩ噸榛�(di菐n)瑭炲尟锛屾妸鎻℃牳蹇冨収(n猫i)瀹瑰京(f霉)缈�(x铆)瑕佷締寰楁洿鐐烘湁鏁�銆�
鑰岃鍖殑寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鍓囨噳(y墨ng)瑭插伌(c猫)閲嶄簬鐞嗚В鍜岄亱(y霉n)鐢�锛岃€岄潪鏄竴鍛崇殑鑳岃鍜岃鎲讹紝鍥�?y脿n)姒匠濮擃帬w涓婃洿鍋�(c猫)閲嶅皪浜庤€冪敓鑻辫獮瀵�(sh铆)闅涢亱(y霉n)鐢ㄨ兘鍔涚殑鑰冩煡锛屾彌鍙ヨ┍瑾紝灏辨槸鑰冪敓闈堟椿鍏ㄩ潰鎶婃彙瑭炲尟鐨勮兘鍔�銆傚洜姝わ紝鍩烘湰宸茬劇璀樿闅滅鐨勮€冪敓涔熶笉濡ㄥ湪娌栧埡寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)閬庣▼涓妸鎻′互涓嬪咕榛�(di菐n)锛屼互灏嶈€冪爺瑭炲尟鏈夋洿閫忓竟鐨勬帉鎻�锛屽緸瀹归潰灏嶈€冭│銆�
d.灏嶄簬甯歌瀵�(sh铆)瑭�锛屽鐢ㄥ瓧鍏革紝灏ゅ叾鎺ㄨ枽闆欒В瑭炲吀锛岄噸榛�(di菐n)鍦ㄤ簬澶氳畝渚嬪彞鍜岃鏂�锛屽緸鑰屾妸鎻¤鍜岃鎼厤鏅�(sh铆)鐨勫惈缇╀互鍙婂湪鍙ュ瓙涓殑缈昏鏂瑰紡锛屽挨鍏舵槸甯哥敤瑭炲湪渚嬪彞涓墍璁€鍒扮殑鐩稿皪鐢熷兓鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)鏂瑰紡锛屾洿鏄€煎緱閲嶉粸(di菐n)闂�(gu膩n)娉�銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰锛屼篃闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄨ鐨勮鎬у拰鑸囧叾瀹冭鐨勬惌閰�锛屽挨鍏舵槸鍙吋浣滃強鐗╁拰涓嶅強鐗╃殑鍕曡锛屼互鍙婂悓鏅�(sh铆)鍏锋湁澶氱ó瑭炴€х殑瑭烇紝鍧囨槸寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)閬庣▼涓殑瑕侀粸(di菐n)銆�
e.澧炲姞灏嶅父鐢ㄧ煭瑾炰互鍙婂悓缇╄〃閬�(d谩)鏂瑰紡鐨勭殑绌嶇疮锛屽姏鍦栬兘澶犱娇鐢ㄥ妯ｅ寲鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)鏂瑰紡锛屼絾鍒囧繉鐩茬洰浣跨敤鍠鎴栫煭瑾烇紝闇€瑕佹槑纰哄叾瑜掕捕鎬х瓑鐢ㄦ硶銆�
2. 瑾炴硶
瑾炴硶鏄緢澶氳€冪爺鑰冪敓鐨勮杽寮辩挵(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)锛屼絾鏄憭浜庤€冪爺涓棦涓嶅皥闁€鑰冨療瑾炴硶锛岃獮娉曠煡璀橀粸(di菐n)鍙堥浂鏁ｇ殑鍟忛锛岃€冪敓寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鏃㈣€借鏅�(sh铆)闁撳張闆ｄ互鍙栧緱鎴愭晥锛屽洜姝�锛屼笉濡ㄥ湪寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)閬庣▼涓嚌灏嶇壒瀹氳獮娉曢粸(di菐n)閫�(j矛n)琛屾湁閲濆皪鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)銆�
a.钁楅噸鎶婃彙灏嶄簬寰炲彞鐨勫垎鏋愮悊瑙ｈ兘鍔�锛屽挨鍏舵槸鍦ㄥ垎鏋愰暦闆ｅ彞绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀悊娓呭京(f霉)闆滃彞涓诲共涓婃洿鎳�(y墨ng)瑭查噸榛�(di菐n)鍔犲挤(qi谩ng)锛屽洜?y脿n)姒匠铏氬柨x鍜岀炕璀兘姣旇純鍋�(c猫)閲嶈┎鏂归潰鐨勮獮娉曡兘鍔�銆傚彟澶�锛屼篃鍖呮嫭鍦ㄦ鍩虹(ch菙)涓婄悊瑙ｅ京(f霉)闆滃彞鍚京鐨勮兘鍔�銆�
b.鎶婃彙鍙ュ瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽挨鍏舵槸灏嶅彞瀛愭垚鍒嗙殑鍒ゆ柗鍜屾坊鍔犲彞瀛愭垚鍒嗙殑閬�(y霉n)鐢�锛屼竴鏂归潰鑳藉鎻愰珮鍙ュ瓙鍩烘湰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫垽鏂峰拰灏嶄簬瑭炴墍鍏呯暥(d膩ng)?sh霉)鎭糧娉曚綔鐢ㄧ殑浜嗚В锛屽彟涓€鏂归潰涔熻兘钘夋鎻愰珮瀵綔鍩烘湰鍙ュ紡鐨勬€濊矾鍜岃睈瀵屽彞瀛愬収(n猫i)瀹圭殑绌嶇疮銆�
琛ｅ付婕稿绲備笉鎮�锛岀偤浼婃秷寰椾汉鎲旀偞
鍦ㄧ敤鍗婁綑鏈堝乏鍙虫檪(sh铆)闁撳畬鎴愬皪浜庤鍖拰瑾炴硶鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鏁寸悊涔嬪悗锛屾渶鐐洪噸瑕佺殑寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)灏辨槸钁楃溂浜庤€冪爺鐨勫叿楂旈鍨嬬殑鎷嗚В鍜岀浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮В椤屾€濊矾鐨勬彁楂�銆備織瑭辫锛岃В閳撮倓闇€绯婚埓浜�?锛熶匠琚骞寸湡椤屾噳(y墨ng)瑭叉槸鑰冪敓鍦ㄦ闅庢鐨勪富瑕佸京(f霉)缈�(x铆)渚濇摎(j霉)锛岃嚦浜庡悇椤炴ā鎿锛屽彲浠ヤ綔鐐烘彁楂橀柋璁€閫熷害鎴栨槸闀烽洠鍙ュ垎鏋愪箣鐢紝浣嗚嫢閬庡垎娉ㄩ噸鎵€璎傛ā鎿鐨勬脯瑭︾祼(ji茅)鏋�锛屽氨鏄湰鏈€掔疆浜嗐€傝嚦浜庢渶杩戝叐骞寸殑鑰冪爺鐪熼锛岃€冪敓涓嶅Θ鐣欏湪鏈€鍚庣殑娌栧埡闅庢鐢ㄤ簬浣滅偤?锛熻淳顔尗顑榫呭彨闂规潖琚�?sh霉)銆�
1. 闁辫畝
浣滅偤鑰冪爺涓焙瀹氬唬澶ц€冪敓绲�(ji茅)灞€鐨勬牳蹇冮爡(xi脿ng)鐩紝姝峰勾鑰冪爺闁辫畝鍑洪妯″紡鍩烘湰绠楁槸鏈夎贰鍙皨锛屾枃绔犲ぇ鑷存兜钃嬫斂缍�(j墨ng)绉戞妧浜烘枃绛夐鏉愶紝鑰屽叾涓互閬歌嚜銆奅conomists銆嬬偤澶�銆傚洜姝わ紝鑰冪敓棣栧厛涓嶆噳(y墨ng)鐩茬洰澶ч噺闁辫畝鏂囩珷锛屽洜?y脿n)姗勫暰浜�?銆佸叚绱氳€冭│锛岃€冪爺鐨勯柋璁€骞堕潪浠ラ暦搴﹀拰鐢熻鏇村嫕涓€绫�锛岃€屾槸鍦ㄩ伕闋�(xi脿ng)鐨勮ō(sh猫)缃笂鏇寸偤鍏锋湁杩锋儜鎬�锛屽洜鑰�锛岃€冪敓鍙互寰炰互涓嬪咕鏂归潰钁楁墜寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)銆�
a.鍦ㄥ熀鏈柋璁€閫熷害鏂归潰锛屽彲浠ラ€氶亷瑷�(sh猫)瀹氭檪(sh铆)闁撶殑鏂规硶渚嗙府鐭柋璁€鏅�(sh铆)闁�锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)浠ラ鐩晱椤屼締娓│鑷繁鐨勯柋璁€瀹氫綅鑳藉姏锛屼篃鍙互鍢楄│鍦ㄥ畾鏅�(sh铆)闁辫畝鍚庢啈瑷樻喍寰�(f霉)杩版枃绔犲ぇ鎰忥紝浠ユ彁楂橀柋璁€鏅�(sh铆)鐨勭悊瑙ｈ兘鍔�銆�
b.灏嶄簬闁辫畝鏁堢巼鐨勬妸鎻�锛屽彲浠ュ緸灏嶄簬娈佃惤鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭殑浜嗚В閫�(j矛n)琛屽垽鏂�锛屽彟澶�锛屽湪闁辫畝閬庣▼涓噳(y墨ng)瑭叉彁楂樿(gu墨)閬跨敓鍍昏鍖殑鑳藉姏鍜屽皪浜庨暦闆ｅ彞鐨勯柋璁€閫熷害銆傞柋璁€鎳�(y墨ng)浠ユ妸鎻＄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐐哄厛锛屽湪瑙ｉ閬庣▼涓啀灏嶇窗(x矛)绡€(ji茅)閫�(j矛n)琛屽畾浣�銆�
c.鍦ㄨВ椤岄亷绋嬩腑锛屽彲浠ュ皣椤岀洰閫�(j矛n)琛屽垎椤�??绛夌瓑锛涗篃鍙互灏囬尟(cu貌)瑾ら鐩€�(j矛n)琛屾椤�锛屼互鎵惧嚭鑷繁鍦ㄩ柋璁€鏂归潰鐨勮杽寮辩挵(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)鍔犱互鏀归€�(j矛n)銆傚皪浜庨鐩殑鍒嗘瀽蹇呴爤绶婂瘑绲�(ji茅)鍚堥伕闋�(xi脿ng)锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)瑙€瀵熻灏�(d菐o)閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍜岃糠鎯戞€ц鍙ョ殑瑷�(sh猫)缃€傚挨鍏舵槸灏嶄簬瑾ら伕閬搁爡(xi脿ng)锛屽繀闋堣鎵惧埌鍏堕尟(cu貌)瑾ゅ師鍥犲拰瑾ら伕鐨勭悊鐢�锛岃€屼笉瑕佸儏鏄互绮楀績绛夌悊鐢变竴骞跺付閬庛€�
d.鍦ㄨВ椤屽悗鍙互灏嶆枃绔犻€�(j矛n)琛岀簿璁€锛屽挨鍏舵槸鍙互灏囨枃绔犱腑鐩稿皪鍑鸿壊鐨勭煭瑾炲拰瑭炲尟瑷橀寗涓嬩締锛屽湪闁辫畝鐨勫悓鏅�(sh铆)鐢ㄤ互绌嶇疮瀵綔绱犳潗锛涘彟涓€鏂归潰锛屽皪闁辫畝涓師鏈笉鑳芥簴(zh菙n)纰虹悊瑙ｇ殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰彲浠ョ祼(ji茅)鍚堝瓧鍏稿紕娓呭叾鍚京锛屽湪鎿�(ku貌)灞曡缇╀笂涔熸渻鏈夋墍鎻愰珮銆�
2. 瀵綔
鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ枃瀵綔
鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ枃瀵綔鍙互寰炲叐鏂归潰鍏ユ墜锛�
锛�1锛夊皪甯哥敤?锛熺搐?y墨ng)鐢ㄦ枃椤屾潗閫�(j矛n)琛屾椤�锛岀附绲�(ji茅)鍑哄浐瀹氶灏炬绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽彞寮�锛屽彲浠ユ牴鎿�(j霉)椤岀洰闅ㄦ檪(sh铆)闈堟椿瑾�(di脿o)鏁村緸鑰岃繀閫熸悶瀹氬熀鏈灦妲�(g貌u)锛屽儚甯歌鐨勬枃楂旓紝濡傛劅璎濅俊锛岄亾姝変俊锛屾姇瑷翠俊锛屽缓璀颁俊锛屽挩瑭俊绛�锛岄兘鎳�(y墨ng)鏈夋墍娑夊強銆�
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锛�3锛夊皪浜庡湒鐣瘬鎰忕殑瑷庤珫閫�?锛熸ⅱ鐮哥殏妯炶殟娌荤ǎ鎾岄緦铓磋弽巍纭不绋ｆ拰榘炵厼N绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐐轰富锛屽缓璀拌€冪敓鎶婃彙濂借珫杩版鐨勫浣滅祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼笉瑕佸繖浜庝笅绛�锛岃€屾槸瀛�(xu茅)鏈冨湪鎻愮瓎瀵綔涔嬪墠妲�(g貌u)鎬濇鏋�锛屽垪鑸夊嚭鐞嗙敱锛屾渶濂藉彲浠ヨō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)涓€涓嬬浉闂�(gu膩n)鍙ュ紡锛屽啀闁嬪瀵綔锛屽彲浠ュ緢澶х▼搴︿笂閬垮厤甯稿父鐘尟(cu貌)鍜屾€濊矾鏁ｄ簜銆傝珫杩扮悊鐢卞彲浠ュ弮鐓ц惉鑳界悊鐢遍€�(j矛n)琛岃ō(sh猫)瀹�锛岃€岃珫杩板眬鍕篃涓昏浠ュ京(f霉)闆滃彞鐐轰富锛屽缓璀拌€冪敓绌嶇疮涓€浜涜珫杩板瀷鍙ュ紡鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼互渚垮湪瀵綔涓潏娲诲鐢�銆�
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3. 缈昏
涓€鏂归潰鏁珛鑰冪敓蹇呴爤鐔熺反鎺屾彙姝峰勾鐪熼涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)閬庣殑閲嶉粸(di菐n)瑭炲尟锛屽彞寮忓拰缈昏闆ｉ粸(di菐n)锛屾渶濂芥槸灏嶉洠瑭炲拰闆ｅ彞鍋氱浉闂�(gu膩n)绺界祼(ji茅)锛屼互鑳藉鎵惧嚭鐗瑰畾瑾炴硶鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄殑缈昏闆ｉ粸(di菐n)锛涘彟涓€鏂归潰锛岄棞(gu膩n)娉ㄦ骞磋€冮涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勫京(f霉)闆滃彞寮忓拰鍙ュ紡鐨勫熀鏈炕璀師鍓�锛屾寜閮ㄥ氨鐝皪闆ｅ彞閫�(j矛n)琛屽垎鏋愶紝鍔冨垎锛岀炕璀拰鏁寸悊锛屼互鑳藉姊濈悊鍖栧湴瑙ｆ焙缈昏閫欎竴澶ч洠椤�銆�
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4. 瀹屽舰
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5. 鏂伴鍨�
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1. 妯¤€�
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2. 寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)
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3. 绯鹃尟(cu貌)
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
