鍦ㄤ汉鍊戝緸鑸囧叾浠栦汉鐩歌檿涓彈鍒扮殑鏁欒偛鍜屽皪骞磋紩浜虹殑鏈夋剰鐨勬暀鑲蹭箣闁擄紝鏈夎憲椤憲鐨勪笉鍚�銆傚湪鍓嶄竴绋儏娉佷笅锛屾暀鑲叉槸鍋剁劧鐨�锛屽畠鑷劧鑰岀劧鍦扮櫦(f膩)鐢燂紝鑰屼笖鑷抽棞(gu膩n)閲嶈锛屼絾瀹冨苟涓嶆槸(绀炬渻(hu矛))鑱�(li谩n)绯荤殑鐩存帴鍘熷洜銆�46鍙互瑾�锛屽皪浠讳綍绀炬渻(hu矛)鍒跺害鐨勫児(ji脿)鍊肩殑琛￠噺鍦ㄤ簬瀹冨湪鎿�(ku貌)灞曞拰鏀归€�(j矛n)缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)鏂归潰鐨勬晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼絾鏄€欑ó鏁堟噳(y墨ng)骞朵笉鏄畠鍘熷鍕�(d貌ng)姗�(j墨)鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎銆傛瘮濡�锛屽畻鏁欑ぞ鍦�(tu谩n)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶簬閫欐ǎ涓€绋効鏈涳細纰轰繚鍙嶆姉寮�(qi谩ng)娆�(qu谩n)澹撹揩銆侀樆鎿嬮偑鎯″嫝鍔�锛涘搴敓娲荤敘(ch菐n)鐢熶簬婊胯冻娆叉湜銆佺⒑淇濆搴案绾�(x霉)鐨勬効鏈涗箣涓�锛涜€岀郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫嫗鍕�(d貌ng)锛屽湪寰堝ぇ绋嬪害涓婃槸濮嬩簬灏嶄粬浜虹殑濂村焦绛�銆�47鍒跺害鐨勯€欑ó鍓晥鎳�(y墨ng)鏄€愭几鍦拌鎰忚瓨(sh铆)鍒扮殑锛岃€岄€欑ó鏁堟噳(y墨ng)琚鐐哄埗搴﹂亱(y霉n)杞�(zhu菐n)鐨勬寚灏�(d菐o)鎬у洜绱犲墖闇€瑕佹洿鍔犵珐鎱㈢殑閬庣▼銆傚嵆浣夸粖澶�锛屽湪鎴戝€戠殑宸ユキ(y猫)鍖栫敓娲婚噷锛岄櫎浜嗗嫟鍎夊拰绡€(ji茅)绱勭瓑鏌愪簺鍍�(ji脿)鍊艰涔嬪锛岃垏鐗╅噺鐢�(ch菐n)鍑虹浉姣旓紝璁撲笘鐣屽緱浠ュ墠琛岀殑浜洪涓嶅悓褰㈠紡绀炬渻(hu矛)闂�(gu膩n)绯讳腑鎵€瀛樺湪鐨勬櫤璀�(sh铆)鍜屾儏鎰熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍗诲彈鍒版サ灏戦棞(gu膩n)娉�銆�

浣嗘槸鍦ㄨ垏骞磋紩浜烘帴瑙告檪(sh铆)锛屼氦寰€浜嬪(sh铆)鏈韩浣滅偤涓€闋�(xi脿ng)鐩存帴鐨勪汉椤炰簨瀵�(sh铆)锛屾棩鐩婇噸瑕併€�48闆栫劧鍦ㄦ垜鍊戣垏骞磋紩浜烘帴瑙告檪(sh铆)锛屽緢瀹规槗蹇界暐鎴戝€戠殑琛岀偤灏嶄粬鍊戠殑鎬ф牸鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑褰遍熆锛屼絾閫欏苟涓嶅儚鑸囨垚骞翠汉鎵撲氦閬撻偅涔堢啊鍠�銆傚煿瑷�(x霉n)鐨勫繀瑕佹€ч’鑰屾槗瑕�锛涙敼璁婁粬鍊戞厠(t脿i)搴﹀拰缈�(x铆)鎱ｇ殑瑕佹眰濡傛杩垏锛屾垜鍊戜笉鑳藉皪閫欎簺鍚庢灉缃箣涓嶇悊銆�49鏃㈢劧鎴戝€戠殑涓昏鑱疯铂(z茅)鍦ㄤ簬浣垮勾杓曚汉鍙冭垏鍏卞悓鐢熸椿锛岄偅涔堟垜鍊戜笉寰椾笉鑰冩叜鎴戝€戞槸鍚﹀湪妲�(g貌u)寤鸿兘澶犵⒑淇濇垜鍊戦€欑ó鑳藉姏鐨勫姏閲�銆傚鏋滀汉椤炴湁鎵€閫�(j矛n)灞�锛屾剰璀�(sh铆)鍒版瘡闋�(xi脿ng)鍒跺害鐨勭祩妤靛児(ji脿)鍊煎湪浜庡畠鐛�(d煤)鐗圭殑浜洪鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐨勮┍锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ヨ獚(r猫n)鐐洪€欏€�(g猫)鏁欒〒(x霉n)寰堝ぇ绋嬪害涓婃簮浜庤垏骞磋紩浜虹殑鎺ヨЦ銆�50鍥犳锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ュ湪涓婃枃鎵€杩板強鐨勫娉涚殑鏁欒偛閫�(j矛n)绋嬩腑锛屽崁(q奴)鍒嗗嚭涓€绋洿鍔犳瑕�(gu墨)鐨勬暀鑲�锛屽嵆鐩存帴鏁欏皫(d菐o)鎴�?q奴)W鏍℃暀鑲�銆傚湪钀藉悗鐨勭ぞ鏈�(hu矛)缇ら珨涓�锛屾垜鍊戝咕涔庣湅涓嶅埌姝ｈ(gu墨)鐨勬暀鑲插拰鍩硅〒(x霉n)銆傞€欎簺缇ら珨涓昏渚濊炒浜庡煿椁�(y菐ng)骞磋紩浜哄悇绋繀闇€鐨勫搧璩�(zh矛)锛岃€屾鏄€欑ó鍚屾ǎ椤炲瀷鐨勭ぞ鏈�(hu矛)鑱�(li谩n)绯讳繚鎸佽憲鎴愬勾浜哄皪鑷韩缇ら珨鐨勫繝瑾�銆�

46銆両t may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive銆�

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛�

骞跺垪鍒嗗彞鍙婂舰寮忎富瑾炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)//It may be said涓昏獮寰炲彞//that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect 浠嬭鐭獮浣滃悗缃畾瑾�/in enlarging and improving experience; 骞跺垪鍒嗗彞//but this effect is not a part of its original motive銆�

瑭炵京鎺ㄦ暡锛�

the measure of 灏嶁€︹€︾殑琛￠噺

social institution绀炬渻(hu矛)鍒跺害

effect鏁堟灉锛屾晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽奖闊�

enlarging and improving experience鎿�(ku貌)灞�(鎴栨摯(ku貌)澶�)鍜屾敼閫�(j矛n)(鎴栨彁鍗�)缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)

original鍘熷鐨�锛屾渶鍒濈殑

motive鍕�(d貌ng)姗�(j墨)锛岀洰鐨�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細

鍙互瑾�锛屽皪浠讳綍绀炬渻(hu矛)鍒跺害鐨勫児(ji脿)鍊肩殑琛￠噺鍦ㄤ簬瀹冨湪鎿�(ku貌)灞曞拰鏀归€�(j矛n)缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)鏂归潰鐨勬晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼絾鏄€欑ó鏁堟噳(y墨ng)骞朵笉鏄畠鍘熷鍕�(d貌ng)姗�(j墨)鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎銆�

寰楀垎閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛�

涓昏獮寰炲彞锛屽悗缃畾瑾�锛屽悗涓€鍊�(g猫)鍒嗗彞鐨勮硴瑾�

47銆丱nly gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution銆�

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛�

骞跺垪鍙ュ強鍊掕绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)//Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, 骞跺垪鍙ュ強鍊掕绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)//and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution銆�

瑭炵京鎺ㄦ暡锛�

gradually閫愭几鍦�锛屾几婕稿湴

by-product鍓敘(ch菐n)鍝�锛屾剰澶栫祼(ji茅)鏋溿€佸壇浣滅敤

directive鎸囧皫(d菐o)鎬х殑

the conduct of the institution鍒跺害鐨勯亱(y霉n)杞�(zhu菐n)(鎴�?q奴)宓�?

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細

绀炬渻(hu矛)鍒跺害鐨勯€欑ó鍓晥鎳�(y墨ng)鏄€愭几鍦拌鎰忚瓨(sh铆)鍒扮殑锛岃€岃獚(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)鍒伴€欑ó鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鏄埗搴﹂亱(y霉n)杞�(zhu菐n)鐨勬寚灏�(d菐o)鎬у洜绱犲墖鏇村姞绶╂參銆�

寰楀垎閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛�

鍏╁€�(g猫)鍊掕绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽憟閬為€�(j矛n)闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑鍏╁€�(g猫)琚挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)閮ㄥ垎

48銆乄hile it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults銆�

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛�

璁撴鐙€瑾炲緸鍙�//While 褰㈠紡涓昏獮/it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, 涓诲彞鍙婂舰寮忎富瑾�//it is姣旇純绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)/ not so easy 姣旇純绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)/as in dealing with adults銆�

瑭炵京鎺ㄦ暡锛�

Ignore蹇借锛屽拷鐣�

contact with鑸団€︹€︽帴瑙�銆佽伅(li谩n)绯�

the effect of our acts鎴戝€戠殑琛岀偤鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑褰遍熆

disposition姘ｈ唱(zh矛)锛屾€ф牸

deal with adults鑸囨垚骞翠汉鎵撲氦閬�銆佹帴瑙�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細

闆栫劧鍦ㄦ垜鍊戣垏骞磋紩浜烘帴瑙告檪(sh铆)锛屽緢瀹规槗蹇界暐鎴戝€戠殑琛岀偤灏嶄粬鍊戠殑鎬ф牸鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑褰遍熆锛屼絾閫欏苟涓嶅儚鑸囨垚骞翠汉鎵撲氦閬撻偅涔堢啊鍠�銆�

寰楀垎閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛�

璁撴鐙€瑾炲緸鍙�锛屽舰寮忎富瑾�

49銆丼ince our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability銆�

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛�

鍘熷洜鐙€瑾炲緸鍙�//Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 涓诲彞//we cannot help considering 璩撹獮寰炲彞//whether or not we are forming the powers 瀹氳獮寰炲彞which will secure this ability銆�

瑭炵京鎺ㄦ暡锛�

chief business涓昏浠诲嫏(w霉)锛屼富瑕佽伔璨�(z茅)锛屼富瑕佷簨鍕�(w霉)

enable浣库€﹁兘澶犫€�

share in a common life鍙冭垏鍏卞悓鐨勭敓娲�

cannot help considering鎯呬笉鑷鍦拌€冩叜锛岀涓嶄綇鑰冩叜锛屼笉寰椾笉鑰冩叜

whether or not鏄惁

secure this ability纰轰繚閫欏€�(g猫)鑳藉姏

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細

鏃㈢劧鎴戝€戠殑涓昏浠诲嫏(w霉)鍦ㄤ簬浣垮勾杓曚汉鍙冭垏鍏卞悓鐢熸椿锛岄偅涔堟垜鍊戜笉寰椾笉鑰冩叜鎴戝€戞槸鍚﹀湪妲�(g貌u)寤鸿兘澶犵⒑淇濇垜鍊戠嵅寰楅€欑ó鑳藉姏鐨勫姏閲�銆�

寰楀垎閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛�

鍘熷洜鐙€瑾炲緸鍙ワ紝whether寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勮硴瑾炲緸鍙�锛屽畾瑾炲緸鍙�

50銆乄e are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling銆�

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛�

涓诲彞//We are thus led to distinguish, 鎻掑叆瑾�//within the broad educational process瀹氳獮寰炲彞// which we have been so far considering, 涓诲彞鐨勮硴瑾�/a more formal kind of education 鈥� 瀹氳獮寰炲彞鐨勮硴瑾�/that of direct tuition or schooling銆�

瑭炵京鎺ㄦ暡锛�

distinguish鍗€(q奴)鍒嗭紝鍗€(q奴)鍒�

the broad educational process瀵硾鐨勬暀鑲查€�(j矛n)绋�

so far鍒扮洰鍓�(鐝�(xi脿n)鍦�)鐐烘锛岀洿鑷崇洰鍓�(鐝�(xi脿n)鍦�)

that 鍦ㄦ铏曚唬鎸団€滄暀鑲测€�

direct tuition鐩存帴鏁欏皫(d菐o)

schooling瀛�(xu茅)鏍℃暀鑲�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細

鍥犳锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ュ湪涓婃枃鎵€杩板強(鐩墠鐐烘宸茬稉(j墨ng)鑰冩叜鍒板湴)鐨勫娉涚殑鏁欒偛閫�(j矛n)绋嬩腑锛屽崁(q奴)鍒嗗嚭涓€绋洿鍔犳瑕�(gu墨)鐨勬暀鑲诧紝鍗崇洿鎺ユ暀灏�(d菐o)鎴�?q奴)W鏍℃暀鑲�銆�

寰楀垎閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛�

鎻掑叆瑾�锛屽畾瑾炲緸鍙�锛屽悗缃彃鍏ヨ獮