鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗堬紝閮ㄥ垎瀛告牎鏇存柊鑷�2012骞�锛�2013骞达紱鍧囨彁渚涙敹璨讳笅杓�銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
Section I Use of English
绛旀瑙f瀽锛�
1. B.鏈鑰冩煡鍕曡锛屽悗闈㈢殑璩撹獮鏄€渢he fruit-fly experiments described鈥︹€濓紝 suppose琛ㄧず鈥滃亣瑷€�锛� observe琛ㄧず鈥滆瀵熲€�锛宨mage琛ㄧず鈥滄兂璞♀€�锛� Consider鈥滆€冩叜鈥�锛屼唬鍏ユ枃涓〃绀衡€滆€冩叜宸茬稉(j墨ng)琚弿杩板嚭渚嗙殑瀵﹂鈥�锛岀鍚堣獮澧冦€�
2. A.鏈鑰冩煡鍕曡鐭獮锛宧appen to(纰板阀)锛宖ear to(鍞亹鈥�)锛宐e threatened to琚亹鍤団€︺€倀end to do琛ㄧず鈥滄湁鈥﹀偩鍚�锛屽線寰€鈥︹€�锛屼唬鍏ユ枃涓〃绀烘瘮杓冭伆鏄庣殑鏋滆爡寰€寰€澹藉懡杓冪煭銆�
3. D.鏈鑰冩煡褰㈠瑭�锛� lighter鏇磋紩鐨�锛宼hinner鏇寸槮鐨�锛宻tabler鏇寸┅(w臎n)瀹氱殑锛宒immer姣旇純鏆楁贰鐨�锛屾湰鍙ユ槸鍓嶄竴鍙ユ帹鍑虹殑绲�(ji茅)璜�锛屽嵆鐢扁€滄灉锠呰秺鑱版槑澹藉懡瓒婄煭鈥濇帹鍑� 鈥滅噲娉¤秺鏆椾娇鐢ㄦ檪闁撹秺闀封€�銆�
4. B.鏈鑰冩煡鍚嶈銆傜敱鍓嶅崐鍙モ€滅噲娉¤秺鏆椾娇鐢ㄦ檪闁撹秺闀封€濇帹鍑衡€滈€欐槸涓嶇壒鍒ヤ寒鐨勭噲娉$殑涓€鍊嬪劒(y艒u)榛炩€濄€倀endency鍌惧悜锛宎dvantage鍎�(y艒u)鍕�锛宨nclination鍌惧悜锛宲riority鍎�(y艒u)鍏堟瑠(qu谩n)銆�
5. C.鏈鑰冩煡鍕曡鐭獮锛宼urns out璀夋槑鏄�锛宨nsist on鍫呮寔锛宻um up绺界祼(ji茅)锛宲ut forward鎻愬嚭銆�
6. A.鏈鑰冩煡浠嬭锛� off琛ㄧず闆㈤枊銆備唬鍏ユ枃涓〃绀洪洟闁嬭捣榛炴檪銆�
7. D.incredible闆d互缃俊鐨勶紝spontaneous鑷櫦(f膩)鐨�锛宨nevitable涓嶅彲閬垮厤鐨�锛実radual婕搁€茬殑銆傚缈掓槸涓€鍊嬫几閫茬殑閬庣▼锛屾墍浠ラ伕gradual.
8. C.鏈枃鐨勪富鏃ㄦ槸鏅哄姏闇€瑕佹槀璨寸殑浠e児銆傚ぇ閲忕殑鐗╃ó鏈冨缈�锛屼絾瀹冨€戦鍏堝鏈冪殑鏄煡閬撲粈涔堟檪鍊欏仠姝㈠缈�锛岃垏涓婃枃鐨勪緥瀛愮噲娉″懠鎳夈€傚洓鍊嬮伕闋呬腑锛� fight琛ㄧず鏂楃埈锛宒oubt琛ㄧず鎳风枒锛宻top琛ㄧず鍋滄锛宼hink琛ㄧず鎬濊€�锛屾纰虹瓟妗堢偤C
9. B.鏈鑰冩煡褰㈠瑭烇紝淇>intelligence銆� invisible鐪嬩笉瑕嬬殑锛� indefinite涓嶇⒑瀹氱殑锛岄€欏叐鍊嬮伕闋呮剰鎬濅笉绗﹀悎锛屾帓闄�銆俤ifferent涓嶅悓鐨�锛宭imited鏈夐檺鐨�銆傚洜鐐烘墍鏈夌墿绋殑鏅哄姏閮芥槸鏈夐檺鐨勶紝鎵€浠imited绗﹀悎鏂囨剰銆�
10.D.cast a glance backward鈥滃洖椤р€�锛屽浐瀹氭惌閰嶃€�
11.D.feature鐗瑰緛锛宨nfluence褰遍熆锛宺esult绲�(ji茅)鏋�锛宑ost浠e児銆侰ost鈥滀唬鍍光€濊垏鏂囦腑鈥滀簨瀵﹁瓑鏄�锛屾櫤鍔涙槸瑕佷粯鍑轰唬鍍光€濈浉鍛兼噳銆�
12.B.鏈鑰冩煡浠嬭锛宱n the mind of鈥滅偤鈥﹁憲鎯斥€�锛宐y the mind鈥滈€氶亷鎬濊€冣€濓紝outside鍜宎cross涓嶈垏mind鐨勬惌閰�銆�
13.C.鏈鑰冩煡鍕曡锛岃垏涔嬫惌閰嶇殑璩撹獮鏄痚xperiments 锛岄伕闋呬腑perform鑳借垏experiments 鎼厤锛岃〃绀衡€滃仛瀵﹂鈥濄€俤eliver閬為€�锛宑arry閬嬮€�锛� apply鎳夌敤銆�
14.D.鍓嶄竴鍙ユ彁鍒癳xperiments锛屾湰鍙ユ彁鍒颁竴鍊嬪叿楂旂殑瀵﹂锛屾墍浠ラ伕for instance渚嬪銆俠y chance鍋剁劧锛宨n contrast鐩稿弽锛宎s usual鐓у父銆�
15.A.鐢卞悗鍗婂彞涓璽hey would test us to鍙帹娓湰鍙ヤ娇鐢ㄤ簡铏涙摤瑾炴埃锛岄伕闋呬腑if鍙互寮曞皫铏涙摤姊濅欢鍙ャ€� unless闄ら潪锛宎s姝e锛宭est鍞亹銆�
16.C.鏈鑰冩煡鍕曡銆傛墍濉嫊瑭炶〃鏄庡椹楃殑鐩殑锛屽苟涓旀墍濉嫊瑭炵殑璩撹獮鏄痩imits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain 锛岄伕闋呬腑鈥渄etermine纰哄畾鈥濈鍚堥鎰�锛屽苟鑸囦笅鏂囩殑decide鐩稿懠鎳夈€俶oderate閬╀腑鐨�锛宱vercome鍏嬫湇锛� reach閬斿埌銆�
17.B.鏈鑰冩煡浠嬭锛屽洓鍊嬮伕闋呬腑for 琛ㄧず琛ㄧず鐩殑锛岄€欏€嬪彞瀛愮殑姝e父鍙ュ簭鏄痠ntelligence in humans is really for what.
18.A.鏈鑰冩煡閭忚集闂滅郴銆傞€欏€嬪彞瀛愪綅浜庢鏈紝椤劧璧峰埌绺界祼(ji茅)鎬х殑浣滅敤銆傚洓鍊嬮伕闋呬腑锛孉bove all鏈€閲嶈锛孉fter all鐣㈢珶锛孒owever鐒惰€�锛孫therwise鍚﹀墖锛屾晠閬窤bove all銆�
19.A.鏈鑰冩煡褰㈠瑭�锛屼慨椋緌uestion 銆俧undamental鍩烘湰鐨�锛宑omprehensive鍏ㄩ潰鐨�锛宔quivalent鐩哥瓑鐨�锛宧ostile鏁靛皪鐨�銆傜敱鍙ュ悗鍟忛鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰彲鎺ㄥ嚭閫欐槸涓€鍊嬫渶鍩烘湰鍜岄噸瑕佺殑鍟忛锛屾墍浠ラ伕fundamental銆�
20.C.鏈鑰冩煡鍓?锛熸定缃鈥滄兂鐮旂┒閫欏€嬪晱椤屸€濓紝绌哄悗瑾€滅祼(ji茅)鏋滈倓涓嶇⒑瀹氣€�銆傚洓鍊嬮伕闋呬腑锛孊y accident鈥滃伓鐒垛€�锛孖n time鈥滃強鏅傗€�锛孲o far鈥滃埌鐩墠鐐烘鈥�锛孊etter still鈥滄洿濂界殑鏄€�锛屽彧鏈塖o far绗﹀悎瑾炴剰銆�
鍏ㄦ枃缈昏锛�
灏嶅嫊鐗╂櫤鍔涚殑鐮旂┒绺芥槸璁撴垜鍊戞€濊€冧汉椤炲埌搴曟湁澶氳伆鏄�銆傚弮鑰冧笅鍗$埦榻婇粯鍛ㄤ簩鐧�(f膩)琛ㄥ湪绉戝鏅備唬鍒婄墿涓婄殑鏂囩珷鎵€鎻忚堪鐨勬灉锠呰│椹椼€傛湁浜涙灉锠呮瘮鏅€氭灉锠呰伆鏄庯紝浣嗘槸澹藉懡杓冪煭銆傞€欒〃鏄庢殫娣$殑鐕堟场浣跨敤鏅傞枔鏇撮暦锛屼篃琛ㄦ槑鏆楁贰鏄噲娉$殑涓€鍊嬪劒(y艒u)鍕€€�
浜嬪璀夋槑锛屾櫤鍔涙槸瑕佷粯鍑烘槀璨寸殑浠e児銆傚畠闇€瑕佹洿楂樼殑绲﹂(y菐ng)銆佹秷鑰楁洿澶氱殑鐕冩枡锛屽洜鐐烘櫤鍔涗緷闈犵殑鏄缈�(涓€鍊嬪惊搴忔几閫茬殑閬庣▼)鑰屼笉鏄竴绋湰鑳�锛屾墍浠ラ洟闁嬭捣榛炴檪绶╂參銆傝ū澶氬叾浠栫殑鐗╃ó涔熸湁瀛哥繏鑳藉姏锛屽緢椤劧浠栧€戝鍒扮殑鏉辫タ涔嬩竴灏辨槸鐭ラ亾浣曟檪鍋滄銆�
鏈夐檺鐨勬櫤鍔涙槸鍚︽湁閬╂噳鍊煎憿锛熼€欎篃鏄闋呯爺绌剁殑瑾查銆傛垜灏嶆寰堟劅鑸堣叮銆傞€欏€嬭│椹椾笉鏄幓鍥為¨閭d簺琚垜鍊戝妰鐐轰綆鏅哄晢鐨勭墿绋紝鑰屾槸鍚搫鍦ㄥ晱鎴戝€戣嚜宸辨櫤鍔涚殑鐪熸浠e児鏄粈涔�銆傛垜鍊戞墍閬囧埌鐨勬瘡绋嫊鐗╃殑鎯虫硶銆�
灏嶅嫊鐗╂櫤鍔涚殑鐮旂┒涔熻畵鎴戞兂锛屽鏋滃嫊鐗╂湁姗熸渻鐨勮┍锛屼粬鍊戞渻灏嶄汉椤炰綔浠€涔堟ǎ鐨勫椹�銆傛瘮濡傝锛屾瘡鍙湁涓讳汉鐨勮矒閮藉湪閫茶涓€鍊嬪皬鍨嬬殑鎿嶄綔鎬ф浠跺弽灏勭爺绌�銆傛垜鍊戣獚鐐哄鏋滃嫊鐗╀篃鑳介€茶瑭﹂鐨勮┍锛屼粬鍊戞渻娓畾鎴戝€戠殑蹇嶈€愬害锛屽繝瑾犲害锛屼互鍙婂皪鍦板舰鐨勮鎲跺姏銆備粬鍊戞渻瑭﹀湒鍒ゅ畾浜洪鏅哄姏鐨勫闅涚敤铏�锛岃€屼笉鍍呭儏鏄垽瀹氫汉椤炴櫤鍔涚殑楂樹綆銆傛渶閲嶈鐨勬槸浠栧€戝笇鏈涚爺绌朵竴鍊嬫渶鍩烘湰鐨勫晱椤岋細浜洪鏄惁鐪熸鎰忚瓨鍒颁簡鑷繁鎵€鐢熷瓨鐨勪笘鐣�锛熷皪姝�锛岀洰鍓嶄粛鐒″畾璜�銆�
Section II Reading Comprehension
Text 1
21銆怌銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤屻€傛剰鐐猴細Wordsworth瑾嶇偤浠ヤ綍绋柟寮忎究鑳界嵅寰�
鏂囩珷绗簩鍙ヤ腑鎻愬埌We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and
relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.鎴戝€戝湪鐒℃剰璀樼殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)涓嬪氨鑳借鎴�锛屼娇
鍊戠殑闋叇铏曚簬鑷嫊灏庤埅锛屾斁鏉惧湴閫插叆涓€绋劇鎰忚瓨鐨勬叄鎬х暥涓€傚緸閫欏€嬭〃杩颁腑鍙互鐪嬪嚭缈掓叄鐨�
褰㈡垚閬庣▼瀹屽叏鏄竴绋劇鎰忕媭鎱�(t脿i)涓嬬殑姗熸娲诲嫊銆�
22.銆怐銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆傛剰鐐猴細鐮旂┒鑰呯櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)缈掓叄鐨勫舰鎴愬彲浠ヨ
绗簩娈电浜屽彞鐣朵腑鎸囧嚭鐣朵汉鍊戞湁鎰忚瓨鐨勫煿椁�(y菐ng)鏂扮殑缈掓叄鏅�锛屾垜鍊戝氨鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犲嚭涓€绋浉闂滅殑杌岃贰锛岀敋鑷虫槸鍏ㄦ柊鐨勮叇绱拌優锛岄€欏彲浠ヤ娇鎴戝€戠殑鎬濇兂閫插叆涓€鍊嬪壍(chu脿ng)鏂扮殑杌岄亾涓娿€傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕嬬爺绌朵汉鍝¤獚鐐虹繏鎱g殑褰㈡垚鏄彲浠ヨ寮曞皫鐨�銆�
23.銆怉銆戣缇╁彞缇╅銆傛剰鐐猴細鈥渞uts鈥濈殑鎰忔€濇渶璨艰繎浜�
A 鐥曡贰 B 绯诲垪 C 鐗归粸 D 鑱�(li谩n)绯�
鍘熸枃鎻愬埌锛氫笉瑕佽│鍦栨摵鑴綘鐨勮垔缈掓叄锛涗竴鏃﹂€欏€嬮亷绋嬬殑 閫插叆澶ц叇锛屽畠鍊戝氨鏈冪暀鍦ㄨ叇涓€傛牴鎿�(j霉)涓婁笅鏂囬倧杓渶鍚堜笂涓嬫枃瑾炲鐨勭偤A閬搁爡銆�
鐢变簬24銆�25椤岄骞蹭笉娓呮櫚鏆笉鍋氬嚭瑙f瀽銆�
24.銆怉銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆�
25.銆怉銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆�
Text 2
26.銆怉銆戞帹鐞嗗垽鏂烽銆� 鎰忕偤锛氬緸绗竴浜屾鏂囩珷琛ㄦ槑PTK寰堝鏄撹卜鍒�銆�
鏂囦腑绗竴浜屾鏈夊铏曢珨鐝�(xi脿n)锛岄娈垫渶鍚庝竴鍙ヨ┍鈥滃彧闇€鑺�30缇庡厓鍦ㄥ湴鏂硅棩鎴夸綔瑕瓙閼掑畾鈥︹€︹€�.绗簩娈电涓€鍙ユ垜鍊戝彲浠ョ湅鍒� 鈥滆嚜寰炲幓骞翠笉闇€瑕佽檿鏂瑰嵆璩煎彲璨蜂箣鍚庯紝宸辩稉(j墨ng)瓒呴亷6钀汉璩艰卜浜哖TK 鈥�銆傜敋鑷冲緸绗簩娈垫暣娈垫垜鍊戝彲浠ョ湅鍑猴細B闋呴棞浜庨憭瀹氬児鏍兼诞鍕曞彧鍦ㄧ浜屾鏈€鍚庝竴鍙ユ湁鎵€楂旂従(xi脿n)銆侰闋呮枃涓湭鎻愬埌銆侱闋呭爆閬庡害鎺ㄦ柗銆�
27.銆怌銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆� 鎰忕偤锛歅TK鏄敤渚嗛憭瀹氳Κ瀛愰棞绯荤殑銆�
寰炴枃涓涓夋鍙互鐪嬪埌鈥滆鏀堕(y菐ng)鐨勫瀛愬彲浠ラ€氶亷瑕瓙閼掑畾鎵惧埌浠栧叿鏈夎绶i棞绯荤殑瑕爆鈥濄€侫閬搁爡姣旇純鍏锋湁杩锋儜鎬�锛屽緸绗笁娈靛悗鍗婂彞鎴戝€戝彲浠ョ湅鍑衡€淧TK鏈€杩戞児鎬掍簡寰堝璀滅郴瀛稿锛屼粬鍊戞敮鎸佺敤PTK渚嗘帰灏嬩竴鍊嬪鏃忕殑绁栬棄鈥�?锛熸ⅱ閽ラ棷榀琓K娌掓湁涓昏琚敤渚嗗皨鎵句竴鍊嬩汉鐨勫嚭鐢熷湴銆傞伕闋匓锛孌鏂囦腑鏈彁鍙�銆�
28. 銆怐銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆傛剰鐐猴細鎸佹嚪鐤戞厠(t脿i)搴︾殑瑙€瀵熻€呰獚鐐虹鍏堥憭瀹氭矑鏈夐仈鍒拌伈绋辩殑婧栫⒑鎬�銆�
寰為骞蹭俊鎭垜鍊戝彲浠ュ皣瀹冨畾浣嶅埌鏂囦腑绗簲娈电涓€鍙ユ垜鍊戝彲浠ョ湅鍑�: 閭d簺姝e湪鍋氱鍏堥憭瀹氱殑浜哄€戞墍瀹f彋鐨�(绁栧厛閼掑畾)绮剧⒑搴﹀叾瀵︽槸閷殑銆傞€欏彞瑭辨槸灏嶉€欎竴娈电殑姒傛嫭锛孉BC涓夊€嬮伕闋呴兘鍙槸瀹冪殑绱扮瘈(ji茅)涔嬩竴銆傚洜姝わ紝D閬搁爡姝g⒑銆�
29.銆怉銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆傛剰鐐猴細鏈€鍚庝竴娈典腑鍟嗘キ(y猫)鍩哄洜閼掑畾闈㈣嚚鐨勪竴鍊嬪晱椤屾槸鏁�(sh霉)妞愭敹闆嗙殑绱婁簜銆�
寰炴渶鍚庝竴娈电浜屽彞鎴戝€戝彲浠ョ湅鍑衡€滀竴浜涘叕鍙镐娇鐢ㄧ殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴苟涓嶄緷璩翠簬绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏀堕泦鑰屾槸鎶婁笉鍚岀爺绌舵妲�(g貌u)鏀堕泦鐨勪俊鎭悎鍦ㄤ竴璧�銆傞€欏氨鎰忓懗钁楄檿鐞嗘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勫叕鍙镐笉鍚�锛屾墍鐢―NA鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴篃鏈冧笉鍚�銆傗€濇枃涓苟鏈彁鍙婃暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏄惁閲嶅悎锛孊鐒℃牴妞�銆侰D鏂囦腑娌掓湁楂旂従(xi脿n)銆�
30.銆怋銆戜富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忛銆� 鎰忕偤锛氭湰鏂囨渶鍚堥仼鐨勯鐩噳鏄疍NA娓│鍙婂畠瀛樺湪鐨勫晱椤屻€�
A閬搁爡涓� 鈥淒NA娓│鐨勮磰鎴愯垏鍙嶅皪鈥濆緸鏂囦腑鎴戝€戠湅涓嶅埌浣滆€呮湁鏄庨’璐婃垚DNA娓│鐨勫偩鍚�锛孋閬搁爡锛屾枃涓矑鏈夌壒鍒ュ挤瑾�(di脿o)瀵﹂瀹ゅ収(n猫i)澶栫殑鍟忛銆侱閬搁爡鈥淒NA娓│鑳屽悗鐨勮瑠瑷€鈥�锛� 浣滆€呭彧鏄瑙€鍦版彁鍑轰簡DNA娓│瀛樺湪鐨勪笉婧栫⒑鎬у晱椤�锛屼絾骞舵矑鏈夋寚鏄庢槸鍝簺浜虹殑璎婅█銆�
Text 3
31.銆怐銆戞帹鐞嗗垽鏂烽鐩€傛剰鐐猴細鍦ㄧ涓€娈典綔鑰呰獚鐐哄湪璨у洶鍦嬪鏁欒偛鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц楂樹及浜�銆�
浣滆€呭湪棣栨鎸囧嚭鈥滃偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮榛炶獚鐐哄湪璨у洶鍦嬪灏嶄績閫茬稉(j墨ng)婵熺殑蹇€熺櫦(f膩)灞曡€岃█锛屾暀鑲叉槸妤垫噳鍎�(y艒u)鍏堣€冩叜鐨勮绱犱箣涓€锛岄€欐槸绋尟瑾ょ殑鐪嬫硶?锛佽嫰閫冾悶鑶�?y艒u)鍏堟€у拰鏁欒偛鐨勯噸瑕佹€у闅涗笂鏄竴鍊嬫剰鎬�锛岃€屾棦鐒舵枃涓鍎�(y艒u)鍏堟暀鑲叉槸绋尟瑾ょ殑鐪嬫硶锛岀敱姝ゅ彲鎺ㄥ嚭鏁欒偛鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц閬庡害鐨勯噸瑕栦簡鍗宠楂樹及浜�锛屽洜姝姝g⒑銆�
32.銆怋銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆傛剰鐐猴細绗竴娈佃〃鏄庡缓绔嬫柊鐨勬暀鑲查珨绯婚渶瑕佸咕浠d汉鐨勫姫鍔�銆�
鍦ㄧ涓€娈典綔鑰呬富瑕佽珖璜栦簡闈犲劒(y艒u)鍏堢櫦(f膩)灞曟暀鑲蹭締淇冮€茬稉(j墨ng)婵熺櫦(f膩)灞曟槸閷鐨勭湅娉�锛岃€屼笘鐣屽悇鍦嬬殑宸ヤ汉缍�(j墨ng)閬庝簡鍕炲嫊鍩硅〒鍙互鐛插彇楂樼敘(ch菐n)閲忛€茶€屽付渚嗘洿楂樼殑鐢熸椿姘村钩銆傝В绛旂窗绡€(ji茅)椤屾檪鍚屾ǎ鏄庨’鑳岄洟涓績鐨勯伕闋呭彲棣栧厛鎺掗櫎锛屽嵆鍏堝彲鎺掗櫎A,C锛涘湪渚濇摎(j霉)绗竴娈电殑鍊掓暩(sh霉)绗簩鍙ュ彲鐭ワ細閫氶亷鏁欒偛楂旂郴渚嗕娇瓒冲澶氱殑浜鸿兘鎻愰珮缍�(j墨ng)婵熻兘鍔涘皣闇€瑕佸叐涓変唬浜�銆傜敱姝ゅ彲鐭ュ缓绔嬫暀鑲查珨绯诲湪鐣跺墠鏄笉鍙兘锛岃€岄€欑ó寤虹珛闇€瑕佸咕浠d汉鐨勫姫鍔涙墠鑳藉鐝�(xi脿n)銆�
33.銆怋銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆傛剰鐐猴細鏃ユ湰鍜岀編鍦嬪嫗鍕曞姏鐨勪富瑕佸崁(q奴)鍒ユ槸鏃ユ湰鐨勫嫗鍕曞姏鏇村鐢�(ch菐n)銆�
瑙g瓟鏈鍙敤閬嬫帓闄ゆ硶銆備緷鎿�(j霉)鏂囩珷鐨勭浜屾锛岀編鍦嬪嫗鍕曞姏鍙楁暀鑲茬▼搴﹀樊閬埌鍢茬瑧骞惰瑾嶇偤鏄叾缍�(j墨ng)婵熻〃鐝�(xi脿n)宸殑鍘熷洜涔嬩竴銆傜編鍦嬪伐浜烘帴鍙椾簡鑱锋キ(y猫)鍩硅〒鍚�锛屾湰鐢般€佽睈鐢扮殑缇庡湅鍏徃鎵嶉仈鍒颁簡鏃ユ湰95%鐨勭敘(ch菐n)閲�锛岀敱姝ゅ彲鐭ユ棩鏈伐浜虹殑鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鍔涙瘮缇庡湅宸ヤ汉鐨勭敓鐢�(ch菐n)鍔涢珮銆傚緸鏂囦腑鍙煡锛岀編鍦嬪嫗鍕曞姏鍙楁暀鑲茬▼搴﹀樊鏄€嬩簨瀵︿篃鏄編鍦嬬稉(j墨ng)婵熻〃鐝�(xi脿n)宸殑閲嶈鍘熷洜锛岀敱姝ゅ彲鎺掗櫎涓嶇鍚堟枃鎰忕殑C閬搁爡锛涜€孉,D鐨勪俊鎭湪鏂囦腑鏈彁鍙�锛岀敱姝ゅ彲寰楀嚭鍙湁B姝g⒑锛岃€屼緷鎿�(j霉)鏂囨剰锛屾棦鐒舵棩鏈繚鎸佷簡姹借粖鐢�(ch菐n)閲忕殑鍏ㄧ悆闋樺厛鍦颁綅锛岃嚜鐒舵棩鏈殑鍕炲嫊鍔涙瘮缇庡湅鐨勫嫗鍔涙洿澶氱敘(ch菐n)涔熼璀変簡B鐐烘纰虹瓟妗�銆�
34.銆怉銆戞帹鐞嗗垽鏂烽銆傛剰鐐猴細浣滆€呭紩鐢ㄤ簡鎴戝€戠鍏堢殑渚嬪瓙渚嗚〃鏄庣暥浜哄€戞湁浜嗗厖瑁曠殑鏅傞枔鏅�锛屾暀鑲叉墠鍑虹従(xi脿n)銆�
渚濇摎(j霉)鏂囩珷鍊掓暩(sh霉)绗簩娈电殑鏈€鍚庡叐鍙ュ彲鐭�锛屼綔鑰呰垑鍑轰簡鎴戝€戠鍏堢殑渚嬪瓙鏄締璜栬瓑鏈€鍚庝竴鍙ヨ┍寰楀嚭鐨勮榛烇細鍙湁鐣朵汉鍊戞湁浜嗘洿楂樼敘(ch菐n)鐨勭嵅寰楅鐗╃殑鏂瑰紡鏅�锛屼汉鍊戞墠鏈夋檪闁撳仛鍏跺畠浜嬫儏銆傜敱姝ゅ彲鎺ㄧ煡锛屾暀鑲叉槸鐛插緱椋熺墿浠ュ鐨勫叾瀹冧簨鎯咃紝鑰屽彈鏁欒偛鐨勫墠鎻愭槸浜哄€戞湁鍓╀綑鏅傞枔锛岀敱姝ゅ彲鐭鐐烘纰虹瓟妗堛€�
35.銆怌銆戜富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忛銆傛剰鐐猴細鏁欒偛鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曞彈绱勪簬鐢�(ch菐n)閲忕殑鎻愰珮銆�
鏂囩珷鍦ㄦ渶鍚庝竴娈甸嚌灏嶄笂鏂囪◣璜栫殑鏁欒偛鍜岀敓鐢�(ch菐n)鐨勯棞绯诲仛鍑轰簡绺界祼(ji茅)銆傚湪鏈浣滆€呮槑纰烘寚鍑虹己涔忔瑕�(gu墨)鐨勬暀鑲插苟涓嶈兘闄愬埗鐧�(f膩)灞曟サ澶ф彁楂樼敘(ch菐n)閲忕殑涓栫晫鍕炲嫊鍔涳紝鑰屽弽涔�锛屽皪鎻愰珮鐢�(ch菐n)閲忕殑闄愬埗寰椾互瑙i噵浜嗙偤浠€涔堟暀鑲茬櫦(f膩)灞曞緱娌掓湁閭d箞蹇€傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕�锛屾彁楂樼敘(ch菐n)閲忓劒(y艒u)鍏堜簬鐧�(f膩)灞曟暀鑲�锛屾晠C鐐烘纰虹瓟妗堛€傝€孉,D鐨勮〃閬斾笉绗﹀悎鏂囩珷鐨勪腑蹇�锛汢闋呯殑鎰忔€濆拰鏂囨剰鐩稿弽銆�
Text 4
36.銆怋銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤岀洰銆傛剰鐐猴細浣滆€呰獚鐐哄湪17涓栫磤鐨勬柊鑻辨牸铇� 銆�
B鐐烘纰洪伕闋�銆侫閬搁爡鐐哄師鏂囩殑绡℃敼銆侰閬搁爡寰炲師鏂囩殑琛ㄨ堪涓劇娉曟帹鍑�銆侱閬搁爡鏂囩珷涓矑鏈夋彁鍒扳€滃皪浜庣煡璀樼殑杩芥眰浜湁鑷敱鐨勭挵(hu谩n)澧冣€�
37.銆怋銆戞帹鐞嗗垽鏂烽銆傛剰鐐猴細绗簩娈典腑鏆楃ず鍑烘柊鍒伴仈鑻辨牸铇殑浜�
B鐐烘纰洪伕闋咃紝鏂板埌閬旀竻鏁欏緬甯惰憲鑸婁笘鐣岀殑鏂囧寲銆備簺娈典腑鐨勭浜屽彞鎻愬埌锛寃e may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture鈥︹€�锛岄伕闋呬腑鐨凬ew Englanders灏嶆噳鏂囦腑鐨凱uritans, brought with them the culture of the Old World灏嶆噳瑭叉枃绔犱腑鐨刢arriers of European culture锛屾晠姝ら伕闋呯偤姝ゅ彞涓殑鍚岀京鏇挎彌銆�
38.銆怐銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆傛剰鐐猴細鏃╂湡鍒伴仈棣柀璜歌辰娴风仯鐨勭墽甯拰鏀挎不闋樺皫浜�
D鐐烘纰洪伕闋呯偤鏂拌嫳鏍艰槶鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犱簡鏂扮殑鐭ヨ瓨鐠�(hu谩n)澧�銆傚皪鎳夌涓夋涓殑鏈€鍚庝竴鍙ヨ┍There men wrote and publish ed extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. A閬搁爡涓璱n the new world绺皬浜嗗師鏂囨墍琛ㄨ堪鐨勮寖鍦�锛孊閬搁爡鍦ㄦ枃绔犱腑娌掓湁鎻愬埌锛孋閬搁爡涓嶅鍏ㄩ潰銆傚公D鐐烘纰虹瓟妗堛€�
39.銆怉銆戜緥璀夐銆傛剰鐐猴細闂滀簬John Dane鐨�鏁呬簨琛ㄦ槑鍙楁暀鑲茶純灏戠殑鏂拌嫳鏍艰槶浜� 銆�
A鐐烘纰洪伕闋呰垑渚嬫槸鐐轰簡瑾槑鏂囦腑鐨勮榛�锛岀敱鏂囩珷绗洓娈靛彲鐭�锛岃榛炵偤their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality锛屾墍浠ュ湪鍥涘€嬮伕闋呬腑鍙湁A閬搁爡鍜屾枃绔犵殑瑙€榛炴渶鐐虹鍚堛€�
40.銆怌銆戞帹鏂烽銆傛剰鐐猴細寰炴枃绔犱腑鍙互鐪嬪嚭鍒版柊鑻辨牸铇殑鏃╂湡鐨勫畾灞呰€� 銆�
C鐐烘纰洪伕闋�锛岃兘閬庡叏鏂囧彲鐪嬪嚭渚嗗埌鑻辫獮铇棭鏈熺殑瀹氬眳鑰�锛屾湁鏀垮銆佺墽甯�銆佽绺倓鏈夋紒鐢辨鍙鏃╂湡鐨勫畾灞呰€呰儗鏅绋妯c€�
Part B
涓€.鏂囩珷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽
鏈枃鏄竴绡囨枃鍖栭鐨勬枃绔�锛屼富瑕佽瑳鐨勬槸鏂囧寲鐧�(f膩)灞曢亷绋嬩腑鐨勫悇绋棞浜庢枃鍖栫殑鐞嗚珫銆�
绗竴娈佃瑳鐨勬槸Herbert Spencer鐨勨€滅敓鐗╁拰鏂囧寲閫插寲鐞嗚珫鈥�銆�
绗簩娈佃瑳鐨勬槸Lewis Henry Morgan鐨勨€滄枃鍖栭€插寲鐞嗚珫鈥濄€�
绗笁娈靛彲浠ョ湅鍒�锛孎(xi脿n)ranz Boas鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋€滄鍙茬壒娈婅珫(historical particularism)鈥�锛屽畠寮疯(di脿o)鎵€鏈夋枃鍖栫殑鍞竴鎬�銆�
绗洓娈甸倓鏄瑳浜咶ranz Boas鐨勭悊璜栥€�
绗簲娈垫垜鍊戦櫎浜嗙湅鍒扳€滄鍙茬壒娈婅珫(historical particularism)鈥濆锛岄倓鐪嬪埌涓€绋€渄iffusionism鈥濈悊璜栧拰鈥渄iffusionists鈥濋€欎竴绋汉銆�
绗叚娈碉紝Émile Durkheim鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋枃鍖栫悊璜�锛屼粬瑾嶇偤瀹楁暀淇′话鏈夊姪浜庡姞寮风ぞ鏈冨湗绲�(ji茅)銆�
浜�.瑭﹂鍏烽珨瑙f瀽
閫氶亷鍒嗘瀽鏂囩珷鎴戝€戝彲浠ョ湅鍒�锛屾枃绔犲氨鏄湇绻炶憲閫欏咕绋悊璜栧睍闁嬭◣璜栫殑锛屾枃绔犲堡娆″緢娓呮櫚锛�
鑰岀┖鏍煎嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勪綅缃竴寰嬮兘鏄钀界殑鏈熬锛岄€欐ǎ鎴戝€戝彲浠ュ垎鏋�锛屾墍鏈夌殑閬搁爡鍏�(n猫i)瀹规噳瑭茶垏娈佃惤鍓嶉潰鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹规湁瀵嗗垏鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯�銆�
鎴戝€戝厛澶ч珨鐎忚涓€涓嬪悇鍊嬮伕闋呯殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
閬搁爡A涓昏浠嬬垂浜嗕粈涔堝彨鈥渄iffusionism鈥濓紝 鍗冲畠瑾嶇偤鏂囧寲鐨勯潻鏂版湁涓€鍊嬪敮涓€鐨勮捣婧�锛屽苟涓斿湪绀炬渻涔嬮枔鍌抽仦銆傚洜鐐虹5娈靛嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜哾iffusionism锛屾墍浠ユ垜鍊戝彲浠ュ垽鏂�锛岄伕闋匒鑲畾鍑虹従(xi脿n)鍦�44椤屼箣鍓嶃€傝€屼笖other anthropologists鐨勫嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鎻愮ず锛屽墠鏂囧彲鑳藉嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜哸nthropologist閫欎竴瑭烇紝閭f垜鍊戝洖鍒板師鏂囦腑鎵惧悇鍊嬩汉鐨勮伔妤�(y猫)锛屽氨鍙互鐪嬪埌鏁寸瘒鏂囩珷鎻愬嚭鐨�4鍊嬩富瑕佺悊璜栧涓�锛屽彧鏈塋ewis Henry Morgan鍜孎ranz Boas鐨勮伔妤�(y猫)鏄痑nthropologist锛屾墍浠ワ紝鎴戝€戞毇鏅傛妸绛旀A閹栧畾鍦�42鍜�43涔嬮枔銆�
閬搁爡B鐨勫ぇ楂旀剰鎬濇槸锛氱偤浜嗙洝鍙兘鍏ㄩ潰鐨勪簡瑙g壒娈婄殑鏂囧寲锛�(particular cultures鏄棞閸佃)锛屼粬灏嶈獮瑷€瀛稿拰韬珨浜洪瀛搁兘寰堢啛鎮�?锛涙皭杞挎伡?锛屾垜鍊戝湪绗�3娈垫壘鍒颁簡the uniqueness of all cultures, 鎴戝€戝彲浠ユ柗瀹氾紝閫欏€嬮伕闋呬腑鐨刪e鎸囩殑灏辨槸Franz Boas銆傞偅Boas鍦ㄧ3娈靛拰绗�4娈甸兘鍑虹従(xi脿n)閬庯紝鎵€浠ユ垜鍊戞妸閬搁爡B閹栧畾鍦�43鍜�44銆�
閬搁爡C鐨勬剰鎬濇槸锛屼汉椤炵殑閫插寲鏈夐€欐ǎ涓€鍊嬬壒寰侊紝灏辨槸鈥渟urvival of the fittest鈥濋仼鑰呯敓瀛�锛屽苟涓旇В閲嬩簡绋棌鍜岀ぞ鏈冪殑閬╄€呯敓瀛樿蹇�銆傚洜鐐虹涓€娈佃瑳鐨勬槸Herbert Spencer鐨勨€滅敓鐗╁拰鏂囧寲閫插寲鐞嗚珫鈥�銆傚苟涓斿嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜咰harles Darwin锛屾垜鍊戦兘鐭ラ亾Charles Darwin鎻愬嚭浜嗙敓鐗╃晫鐨勯仼鑰呯敓瀛�锛岃€岄€欓噷瑾汉椤炵ぞ鏈冪殑閫插寲涔熸湁閬╄€呯敓瀛橀€欎竴鐗瑰緛锛屾墍浠�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ラ鍏堢⒑瀹�41鐨勭瓟妗堟槸閬搁爡C銆�
閬搁爡D鐨勯棞閸佃鏄痠mportant rituals閲嶈鐨勭Ξ鍎€鍜宨nitiation ceremonies鍜屼竴浜涘吀绂�锛屾垜鍊戝湪鏂囩珷涓苟娌掓湁鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鏈夐€欐柟闈㈢殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛屾墍浠ユ毇涓旀摫缃€�
閬搁爡E瑾�锛屽湪浠栫湅渚�锛屼笉鍚屾柟闈㈢殑鏂囧寲diverse aspects of culture锛屼緥濡傗€︹€�锛岄毃钁楃ぞ鏈冪殑閫插寲閮芥敼璁婁簡銆傛垜鍊戝湪璁€鏂囩珷鐨勬檪鍊�锛屼竴瀹氳鎶婃瘡涓€娈电殑闂滈嵉瑭炲妰鍑轰締锛屼互鍒╀簬鍜岄伕闋呬腑鐨勯棞閸佃灏嶆噳銆傝畝绗簩娈电殑鏅傚€�锛屾枃绔犺锛屽湪浠栫殑浣滃搧閲�锛屼粬鐩¢噺瑾槑浜唄ow aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. 閫欒窡閬搁爡E鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹逛笉璎€鑰屽悎銆傛墍浠�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ユ柗瀹�锛�42椤岀殑绛旀鐐洪伕闋匛銆傚洜鐐哄墠闈㈡妸绛旀A閹栧畾鍦�42鍜�43涔嬮枔锛岃€�42椤岀殑绛旀鐐洪伕闋匛锛屾墍浠ョ⒑瀹氶伕闋匒鐐�43椤岀殑绛旀銆傜⒑瀹氫簡43椤岀瓟妗堢偤A锛屽洜鐐轰箣鍓嶆垜鍊戞妸閬搁爡B閹栧畾鍦�43鍜�44锛屾墍浠ユ帓鍑轰簡43锛屾垜鍊戞妸閬搁爡B閹栧畾鍦�44椤�銆�
閬搁爡F鎴戝€戝彲浠ョ湅鍒颁竴鍊嬮棞閸佃functioning锛岄€欏€嬭鍦ㄧ6娈靛嚭鐝�(xi脿n)閬�锛屾墍浠�锛屾垜鍊戞毇涓旀摫缃笉绠°€�
閬搁爡G鏄竴鍊嬩緥瀛�锛屽鏋滄槸绛旀鐨勮┍鎳夎┎鏄敤渚嗚鍏呰鏄庡墠闈㈢殑瑙€榛炵殑锛屽畠瑾紝鐢变簬淇℃伅缂轰箯锛岄€欏叐浣嶄汉椤炲瀹舵彁鍑鸿静(n贸ng)鑰曠瓑閫欎簺閮芥槸璧锋簮浜庡彜鍩冨強锛屽苟涓斿偝鎾埌涓栫晫鍚勫湴銆備簨瀵︿笂锛屾墍鏈夐€欎簺鏂囧寲鐧�(f膩)灞曞湪涓栫晫涓嶅悓鍦版柟鐨勪笉鍚屾檪鏈熼兘鏇惧垎鍒ュ嚭鐝�(xi脿n)閬�銆傞€氶亷鍒嗘瀽閫欏€嬩緥瀛�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ョ煡閬�锛岄€欐槸鍏╃ó涓嶅悓鐨勮榛炵殑姣旇純銆� 鍦ㄧ浜旀鎴戝€戦櫎浜嗙湅鍒扳€滄鍙茬壒娈婅珫(historical particularism)鈥濆锛岄倓鐪嬪埌涓€绋€渄iffusionism鈥濈悊璜栧拰鈥渄iffusionists鈥濋€欎竴绋汉銆傛濂芥槸鍏╃ó鐞嗚珫鐨勫皪姣旓紝鎵€浠ユ垜鍊戝彲浠ユ妸45椤岀殑绛旀杓曟澗鐨勫畾浣嶅埌閬搁爡G銆�
閫欐ǎ鎴戝€戝垵姝ョ⒑瀹氫簡绛旀锛�41鐨勭瓟妗堟槸閬搁爡C锛�42椤岀殑绛旀鐐洪伕闋匛锛�43椤岀殑绛旀鐐洪伕闋匒锛�44椤岀殑绛旀鐐洪伕闋匓锛�45椤岀殑绛旀瀹氫綅鍒伴伕闋匞銆�
鏈€鍚庝唬鍏ラ伕闋�锛岄€氳畝鍏ㄦ枃锛屾鏌ユ枃绔犻倧杓爢搴忓拰娴佹殺绋嬪害銆�
Part C
46. 鏈彞鑰冮粸锛氳硴瑾炲緸鍙�锛宱f 鐭獮浣滃畾瑾烇紝浠h鎸囦唬锛� but寮曞皫骞跺垪鍙�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛氬彞瀛愪富骞叉槸锛歩t may be said that鈥�, but this effect鈥� its effect鍙奿ts original motive.涓璱t鍦ㄥ彞涓寚浠ocial institution銆�
鍙冭€冭鏂囷細鍙互瑾�锛屼换浣曠ぞ鏈冨埗搴︾殑鍍瑰€煎湪浜庡畠灏嶆摯澶у拰鏀归€�缍�(j墨ng)椹�鏂归潰鐨勫奖闊�锛屼絾鏄€欑ó褰遍熆骞朵笉鏄畠鍘熶締鐨勫嫊姗熺殑涓€閮ㄥ垎銆�
47. 鏈彞鑰冮粸锛氬挤瑾�(di脿o)鍙�锛屽垎瑭炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)浣滃悗缃畾瑾�, 鐪佺暐
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛氬挤瑾�(di脿o)鍙ョ殑姝e父瑾炲簭鏄細the by-product of the institution was noted Only gradually, and this effect 鈥as only still more gradually (noted). considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution浣渢his effect鐨勫悗缃畾瑾�銆�
鍙冭€冭鏂囷細涓€绋埗搴︾殑鍓敘(ch菐n)鍝侊紝鍙槸閫愭琚敞鎰忓埌鐨�锛岃€岄€欑ó鏁堟灉琚鐐哄鏂介€欑ó鍒跺害鐨勪竴鍊嬫寚灏庢€у洜绱犳洿鍔犵珐鎱㈠緱澶�銆�
48. 鏈彞鑰冮粸锛氭瘮杓冪媭瑾炲緸鍙ワ紝鍕曡硴鍒嗛殧
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽:鏈彞涓诲共鏄痺hile寮曞皫鐨勪竴鍊嬫瘮杓冪媭瑾炲緸鍙ャ€俰n our contact with 浣滅偤涓€鍊嬫彃鍏ユ垚鍒�锛屽垎闅斾簡ignore鍜屽畠鐨勮硴瑾瀟he effect of鈥�銆�
鍙冭€冭鏂囷細鍦ㄥ拰浠栧€�(骞磋紩浜�)鎺ヨЦ鐨勬檪鍊欙紝闆栫劧瀹规槗蹇界暐鎴戝€戠殑琛屽嫊灏嶄粬鍊戠殑鍌惧悜鐨勫奖闊�锛屼絾鏄篃涓嶅儚鑸囨垚骞翠汉鎵撲氦閬撻偅涔堢啊鍠€�
49. 鏈彞鑰冮粸锛歴ince寮曞皫鐨勫師鍥犵媭瑾炲緸鍙�锛屼唬瑭炴寚浠�锛岃硴瑾炲緸鍙�锛岃硴瑾炲緸鍙ュ祵濂楀畾瑾炲緸鍙�銆�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛氭湰鍙ヤ富骞叉槸Since鈥� we cannot help considering鈥﹀叾涓瓀hether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability浣渃annot help considering鐨勮硴瑾�锛寃hich will secure this ability浣滅偤宓屽瀹氳獮寰炲彞淇>the powers銆�
鍙冭€冭鏂囷細鏃㈢劧鎴戝€戠殑涓昏浠诲嫏鍦ㄤ簬浣垮勾杓曚汉鍙冭垏鍏卞悓鐢熸椿锛屾垜鍊戠涓嶄綇鑰冩叜鎴戝€戞槸鍚﹀湪褰㈡垚鐛插緱閫欑ó鑳藉姏鐨勫姏閲�銆�
50. 鏈彞鑰冮粸锛氭彃鍏ヨ獮锛屽畾瑾炲緸鍙�锛屽悓浣嶈獮寰炲彞
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛歸ithin the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 浣滅偤鎻掑叆瑾�锛寃hich we have been so far considering鐐哄畾瑾炲緸鍙ヤ慨椋緋rocess锛屾湰鍙ヤ富骞叉槸锛歐e are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education. that of direct tuition or schooling鑸嘺 more formal kind of education 鏄悓浣嶈獮闂滅郴銆�
鍙冭€冭鏂囷細鍥犳锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ュ湪涓婇潰鎵€鑰冩叜鐨勫唬闂婄殑鏁欒偛閬庣▼涔嬪収(n猫i)鍗€(q奴)鍒ュ嚭涓€绋瘮杓冩瑕�(gu墨)鐨勬暀鑲�锛屽嵆鐩存帴鐨勬暀灏庢垨?q奴)W鏍℃暀鑲层€�
Section III Writing
51.
09骞村皬浣滄枃瑕佹眰瀵竴灏佸缓璀颁俊锛岀浉姣�07骞村缓璀颁俊瑕佹眰鏇村姞鍏烽珨锛屼笖瑭遍鏇寸偤鐔熸倝銆傝€冪敓灏嶉€欏€嬭┍椤屽彲瀵殑鏉辫タ姣旇純澶�銆備笖鍦ㄥ钩鏅傚ぇ浣滄枃鐨勮〒绶翠腑鑰冪敓閮芥帴瑙搁亷涓嶅皯琛ㄩ仈瑙€榛炵湅娉曞拰鎻愬嚭寤鸿鐨勬柟娉�锛屽挨鍏跺湪鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧繚璀锋柟闈㈢殑寤鸿鎺柦鎺ヨЦ鐨勬洿澶氾紝鍥犳閫欑瘒灏忎綔鏂囬鏉愭槸澶у闈炲父鐔熸倝鐨�锛岄洠搴﹂仼涓�銆�
52.
09骞村ぇ浣滄枃浠嶇劧鏄湒鐣紡浣滄枃锛岄鐩姹傝垏寰€骞村熀鏈浉鍚�銆傚濂介€欑瘒浣滄枃涓昏鍦ㄤ簬鍏╅粸锛氱涓€锛屾弿杩板湒鐣�銆傚湒鐗囨弿瀵彲鑳芥渻绲︿竴閮ㄥ垎鑰冪敓閫犳垚鍥伴洠锛岄€欎竴榛炶鐪嬪鐢熷钩鏅傜殑绌嶇疮銆傜浜�锛屽瘬鎰忕悊瑙c€傞鐩湒鐗囩湅浼肩啊鍠�锛屽鍓囨娊璞°€傛彮绀轰富椤岄渶绲�(ji茅)鍚堜腑鏂囨彁绀衡€滅恫(w菐ng)绲$殑杩戣垏閬犫€�锛屽嵆缍�(w菐ng)绲$偤浜哄€戠殑鐢熸椿甯朵締鐨勪究鍒╀互鍙婁笉渚�銆傞€欎竴涓婚姣旇純璨艰繎鐝�(xi脿n)浠g敓娲�锛屼篃鏄暥浠婂ぇ瀛哥敓鐔熸倝鐨勮┍椤岋細缍�(w菐ng)绲¢洊鐒堕潪甯镐究鍒�锛岃畵浜鸿垏浜鸿冻涓嶅嚭鎴跺氨鍙互鐩镐簰鑱�(li谩n)绯伙紝浣嗘槸浜鸿垏浜轰箣闁撶殑鐩存帴鑱�(li谩n)绯诲嵒璁婂緱绋€灏戜簡銆�
鍏嶈铂鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠h〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛烇紝鑸囨湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬с€佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿鐩搁棞鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�