Section I Use of English

绛旀瑙ｆ瀽锛�

1. B.鏈鑰冩煡鍕曡锛屽悗闈㈢殑璩撹獮鏄€渢he fruit-fly experiments described鈥︹€濓紝 suppose琛ㄧず鈥滃亣瑷€�锛� observe琛ㄧず鈥滆瀵熲€�锛宨mage琛ㄧず鈥滄兂璞♀€�锛� Consider鈥滆€冩叜鈥�锛屼唬鍏ユ枃涓〃绀衡€滆€冩叜宸茬稉(j墨ng)琚弿杩板嚭渚嗙殑瀵﹂鈥�锛岀鍚堣獮澧冦€�

2. A.鏈鑰冩煡鍕曡鐭獮锛宧appen to(纰板阀)锛宖ear to(鍞亹鈥�)锛宐e threatened to琚亹鍤団€︺€倀end to do琛ㄧず鈥滄湁鈥﹀偩鍚�锛屽線寰€鈥︹€�锛屼唬鍏ユ枃涓〃绀烘瘮杓冭伆鏄庣殑鏋滆爡寰€寰€澹藉懡杓冪煭銆�

3. D.鏈鑰冩煡褰㈠瑭�锛� lighter鏇磋紩鐨�锛宼hinner鏇寸槮鐨�锛宻tabler鏇寸┅(w臎n)瀹氱殑锛宒immer姣旇純鏆楁贰鐨�锛屾湰鍙ユ槸鍓嶄竴鍙ユ帹鍑虹殑绲�(ji茅)璜�锛屽嵆鐢扁€滄灉锠呰秺鑱版槑澹藉懡瓒婄煭鈥濇帹鍑� 鈥滅噲娉¤秺鏆椾娇鐢ㄦ檪闁撹秺闀封€�銆�

4. B.鏈鑰冩煡鍚嶈銆傜敱鍓嶅崐鍙モ€滅噲娉¤秺鏆椾娇鐢ㄦ檪闁撹秺闀封€濇帹鍑衡€滈€欐槸涓嶇壒鍒ヤ寒鐨勭噲娉＄殑涓€鍊嬪劒(y艒u)榛炩€濄€倀endency鍌惧悜锛宎dvantage鍎�(y艒u)鍕�锛宨nclination鍌惧悜锛宲riority鍎�(y艒u)鍏堟瑠(qu谩n)銆�

5. C.鏈鑰冩煡鍕曡鐭獮锛宼urns out璀夋槑鏄�锛宨nsist on鍫呮寔锛宻um up绺界祼(ji茅)锛宲ut forward鎻愬嚭銆�

6. A.鏈鑰冩煡浠嬭锛� off琛ㄧず闆㈤枊銆備唬鍏ユ枃涓〃绀洪洟闁嬭捣榛炴檪銆�

7. D.incredible闆ｄ互缃俊鐨勶紝spontaneous鑷櫦(f膩)鐨�锛宨nevitable涓嶅彲閬垮厤鐨�锛実radual婕搁€茬殑銆傚缈掓槸涓€鍊嬫几閫茬殑閬庣▼锛屾墍浠ラ伕gradual.

8. C.鏈枃鐨勪富鏃ㄦ槸鏅哄姏闇€瑕佹槀璨寸殑浠ｅ児銆傚ぇ閲忕殑鐗╃ó鏈冨缈�锛屼絾瀹冨€戦鍏堝鏈冪殑鏄煡閬撲粈涔堟檪鍊欏仠姝㈠缈�锛岃垏涓婃枃鐨勪緥瀛愮噲娉″懠鎳夈€傚洓鍊嬮伕闋呬腑锛� fight琛ㄧず鏂楃埈锛宒oubt琛ㄧず鎳风枒锛宻top琛ㄧず鍋滄锛宼hink琛ㄧず鎬濊€�锛屾纰虹瓟妗堢偤C

9. B.鏈鑰冩煡褰㈠瑭烇紝淇＞intelligence銆� invisible鐪嬩笉瑕嬬殑锛� indefinite涓嶇⒑瀹氱殑锛岄€欏叐鍊嬮伕闋呮剰鎬濅笉绗﹀悎锛屾帓闄�銆俤ifferent涓嶅悓鐨�锛宭imited鏈夐檺鐨�銆傚洜鐐烘墍鏈夌墿绋殑鏅哄姏閮芥槸鏈夐檺鐨勶紝鎵€浠imited绗﹀悎鏂囨剰銆�

10.D.cast a glance backward鈥滃洖椤р€�锛屽浐瀹氭惌閰嶃€�

11.D.feature鐗瑰緛锛宨nfluence褰遍熆锛宺esult绲�(ji茅)鏋�锛宑ost浠ｅ児銆侰ost鈥滀唬鍍光€濊垏鏂囦腑鈥滀簨瀵﹁瓑鏄�锛屾櫤鍔涙槸瑕佷粯鍑轰唬鍍光€濈浉鍛兼噳銆�

12.B.鏈鑰冩煡浠嬭锛宱n the mind of鈥滅偤鈥﹁憲鎯斥€�锛宐y the mind鈥滈€氶亷鎬濊€冣€濓紝outside鍜宎cross涓嶈垏mind鐨勬惌閰�銆�

13.C.鏈鑰冩煡鍕曡锛岃垏涔嬫惌閰嶇殑璩撹獮鏄痚xperiments 锛岄伕闋呬腑perform鑳借垏experiments 鎼厤锛岃〃绀衡€滃仛瀵﹂鈥濄€俤eliver閬為€�锛宑arry閬嬮€�锛� apply鎳夌敤銆�

14.D.鍓嶄竴鍙ユ彁鍒癳xperiments锛屾湰鍙ユ彁鍒颁竴鍊嬪叿楂旂殑瀵﹂锛屾墍浠ラ伕for instance渚嬪銆俠y chance鍋剁劧锛宨n contrast鐩稿弽锛宎s usual鐓у父銆�

15.A.鐢卞悗鍗婂彞涓璽hey would test us to鍙帹娓湰鍙ヤ娇鐢ㄤ簡铏涙摤瑾炴埃锛岄伕闋呬腑if鍙互寮曞皫铏涙摤姊濅欢鍙ャ€� unless闄ら潪锛宎s姝ｅ锛宭est鍞亹銆�

16.C.鏈鑰冩煡鍕曡銆傛墍濉嫊瑭炶〃鏄庡椹楃殑鐩殑锛屽苟涓旀墍濉嫊瑭炵殑璩撹獮鏄痩imits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain 锛岄伕闋呬腑鈥渄etermine纰哄畾鈥濈鍚堥鎰�锛屽苟鑸囦笅鏂囩殑decide鐩稿懠鎳夈€俶oderate閬╀腑鐨�锛宱vercome鍏嬫湇锛� reach閬斿埌銆�

17.B.鏈鑰冩煡浠嬭锛屽洓鍊嬮伕闋呬腑for 琛ㄧず琛ㄧず鐩殑锛岄€欏€嬪彞瀛愮殑姝ｅ父鍙ュ簭鏄痠ntelligence in humans is really for what.

18.A.鏈鑰冩煡閭忚集闂滅郴銆傞€欏€嬪彞瀛愪綅浜庢鏈紝椤劧璧峰埌绺界祼(ji茅)鎬х殑浣滅敤銆傚洓鍊嬮伕闋呬腑锛孉bove all鏈€閲嶈锛孉fter all鐣㈢珶锛孒owever鐒惰€�锛孫therwise鍚﹀墖锛屾晠閬窤bove all銆�

19.A.鏈鑰冩煡褰㈠瑭�锛屼慨椋緌uestion 銆俧undamental鍩烘湰鐨�锛宑omprehensive鍏ㄩ潰鐨�锛宔quivalent鐩哥瓑鐨�锛宧ostile鏁靛皪鐨�銆傜敱鍙ュ悗鍟忛鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰彲鎺ㄥ嚭閫欐槸涓€鍊嬫渶鍩烘湰鍜岄噸瑕佺殑鍟忛锛屾墍浠ラ伕fundamental銆�

20.C.鏈鑰冩煡鍓?锛熸定缃鈥滄兂鐮旂┒閫欏€嬪晱椤屸€濓紝绌哄悗瑾€滅祼(ji茅)鏋滈倓涓嶇⒑瀹氣€�銆傚洓鍊嬮伕闋呬腑锛孊y accident鈥滃伓鐒垛€�锛孖n time鈥滃強鏅傗€�锛孲o far鈥滃埌鐩墠鐐烘鈥�锛孊etter still鈥滄洿濂界殑鏄€�锛屽彧鏈塖o far绗﹀悎瑾炴剰銆�

鍏ㄦ枃缈昏锛�

灏嶅嫊鐗╂櫤鍔涚殑鐮旂┒绺芥槸璁撴垜鍊戞€濊€冧汉椤炲埌搴曟湁澶氳伆鏄�銆傚弮鑰冧笅鍗＄埦榻婇粯鍛ㄤ簩鐧�(f膩)琛ㄥ湪绉戝鏅備唬鍒婄墿涓婄殑鏂囩珷鎵€鎻忚堪鐨勬灉锠呰│椹椼€傛湁浜涙灉锠呮瘮鏅€氭灉锠呰伆鏄庯紝浣嗘槸澹藉懡杓冪煭銆傞€欒〃鏄庢殫娣＄殑鐕堟场浣跨敤鏅傞枔鏇撮暦锛屼篃琛ㄦ槑鏆楁贰鏄噲娉＄殑涓€鍊嬪劒(y艒u)鍕€€�

浜嬪璀夋槑锛屾櫤鍔涙槸瑕佷粯鍑烘槀璨寸殑浠ｅ児銆傚畠闇€瑕佹洿楂樼殑绲﹂(y菐ng)銆佹秷鑰楁洿澶氱殑鐕冩枡锛屽洜鐐烘櫤鍔涗緷闈犵殑鏄缈�(涓€鍊嬪惊搴忔几閫茬殑閬庣▼)鑰屼笉鏄竴绋湰鑳�锛屾墍浠ラ洟闁嬭捣榛炴檪绶╂參銆傝ū澶氬叾浠栫殑鐗╃ó涔熸湁瀛哥繏鑳藉姏锛屽緢椤劧浠栧€戝鍒扮殑鏉辫タ涔嬩竴灏辨槸鐭ラ亾浣曟檪鍋滄銆�

鏈夐檺鐨勬櫤鍔涙槸鍚︽湁閬╂噳鍊煎憿锛熼€欎篃鏄闋呯爺绌剁殑瑾查銆傛垜灏嶆寰堟劅鑸堣叮銆傞€欏€嬭│椹椾笉鏄幓鍥為¨閭ｄ簺琚垜鍊戝妰鐐轰綆鏅哄晢鐨勭墿绋紝鑰屾槸鍚搫鍦ㄥ晱鎴戝€戣嚜宸辨櫤鍔涚殑鐪熸浠ｅ児鏄粈涔�銆傛垜鍊戞墍閬囧埌鐨勬瘡绋嫊鐗╃殑鎯虫硶銆�

灏嶅嫊鐗╂櫤鍔涚殑鐮旂┒涔熻畵鎴戞兂锛屽鏋滃嫊鐗╂湁姗熸渻鐨勮┍锛屼粬鍊戞渻灏嶄汉椤炰綔浠€涔堟ǎ鐨勫椹�銆傛瘮濡傝锛屾瘡鍙湁涓讳汉鐨勮矒閮藉湪閫茶涓€鍊嬪皬鍨嬬殑鎿嶄綔鎬ф浠跺弽灏勭爺绌�銆傛垜鍊戣獚鐐哄鏋滃嫊鐗╀篃鑳介€茶瑭﹂鐨勮┍锛屼粬鍊戞渻娓畾鎴戝€戠殑蹇嶈€愬害锛屽繝瑾犲害锛屼互鍙婂皪鍦板舰鐨勮鎲跺姏銆備粬鍊戞渻瑭﹀湒鍒ゅ畾浜洪鏅哄姏鐨勫闅涚敤铏�锛岃€屼笉鍍呭儏鏄垽瀹氫汉椤炴櫤鍔涚殑楂樹綆銆傛渶閲嶈鐨勬槸浠栧€戝笇鏈涚爺绌朵竴鍊嬫渶鍩烘湰鐨勫晱椤岋細浜洪鏄惁鐪熸鎰忚瓨鍒颁簡鑷繁鎵€鐢熷瓨鐨勪笘鐣�锛熷皪姝�锛岀洰鍓嶄粛鐒″畾璜�銆�

Section II Reading Comprehension

Text 1

21銆怌銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤屻€傛剰鐐猴細Wordsworth瑾嶇偤浠ヤ綍绋柟寮忎究鑳界嵅寰�

鏂囩珷绗簩鍙ヤ腑鎻愬埌We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and

relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.鎴戝€戝湪鐒℃剰璀樼殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)涓嬪氨鑳借鎴�锛屼娇

鍊戠殑闋叇铏曚簬鑷嫊灏庤埅锛屾斁鏉惧湴閫插叆涓€绋劇鎰忚瓨鐨勬叄鎬х暥涓€傚緸閫欏€嬭〃杩颁腑鍙互鐪嬪嚭缈掓叄鐨�

褰㈡垚閬庣▼瀹屽叏鏄竴绋劇鎰忕媭鎱�(t脿i)涓嬬殑姗熸娲诲嫊銆�

22.銆怐銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆傛剰鐐猴細鐮旂┒鑰呯櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)缈掓叄鐨勫舰鎴愬彲浠ヨ

绗簩娈电浜屽彞鐣朵腑鎸囧嚭鐣朵汉鍊戞湁鎰忚瓨鐨勫煿椁�(y菐ng)鏂扮殑缈掓叄鏅�锛屾垜鍊戝氨鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犲嚭涓€绋浉闂滅殑杌岃贰锛岀敋鑷虫槸鍏ㄦ柊鐨勮叇绱拌優锛岄€欏彲浠ヤ娇鎴戝€戠殑鎬濇兂閫插叆涓€鍊嬪壍(chu脿ng)鏂扮殑杌岄亾涓娿€傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕嬬爺绌朵汉鍝¤獚鐐虹繏鎱ｇ殑褰㈡垚鏄彲浠ヨ寮曞皫鐨�銆�

23.銆怉銆戣缇╁彞缇╅銆傛剰鐐猴細鈥渞uts鈥濈殑鎰忔€濇渶璨艰繎浜�

A 鐥曡贰 B 绯诲垪 C 鐗归粸 D 鑱�(li谩n)绯�

鍘熸枃鎻愬埌锛氫笉瑕佽│鍦栨摵鑴綘鐨勮垔缈掓叄锛涗竴鏃﹂€欏€嬮亷绋嬬殑 閫插叆澶ц叇锛屽畠鍊戝氨鏈冪暀鍦ㄨ叇涓€傛牴鎿�(j霉)涓婁笅鏂囬倧杓渶鍚堜笂涓嬫枃瑾炲鐨勭偤A閬搁爡銆�

鐢变簬24銆�25椤岄骞蹭笉娓呮櫚鏆笉鍋氬嚭瑙ｆ瀽銆�

24.銆怉銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆�

25.銆怉銆戜簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆�

Text 2

26.銆怉銆戞帹鐞嗗垽鏂烽銆� 鎰忕偤锛氬緸绗竴浜屾鏂囩珷琛ㄦ槑PTK寰堝鏄撹卜鍒�銆�

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Text 3

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Text 4

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A鐐烘纰洪伕闋呰垑渚嬫槸鐐轰簡瑾槑鏂囦腑鐨勮榛�锛岀敱鏂囩珷绗洓娈靛彲鐭�锛岃榛炵偤their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality锛屾墍浠ュ湪鍥涘€嬮伕闋呬腑鍙湁A閬搁爡鍜屾枃绔犵殑瑙€榛炴渶鐐虹鍚堛€�

40.銆怌銆戞帹鏂烽銆傛剰鐐猴細寰炴枃绔犱腑鍙互鐪嬪嚭鍒版柊鑻辨牸铇殑鏃╂湡鐨勫畾灞呰€� 銆�

C鐐烘纰洪伕闋�锛岃兘閬庡叏鏂囧彲鐪嬪嚭渚嗗埌鑻辫獮铇棭鏈熺殑瀹氬眳鑰�锛屾湁鏀垮銆佺墽甯�銆佽绺倓鏈夋紒鐢辨鍙鏃╂湡鐨勫畾灞呰€呰儗鏅绋妯ｃ€�

Part B

涓€.鏂囩珷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽

鏈枃鏄竴绡囨枃鍖栭鐨勬枃绔�锛屼富瑕佽瑳鐨勬槸鏂囧寲鐧�(f膩)灞曢亷绋嬩腑鐨勫悇绋棞浜庢枃鍖栫殑鐞嗚珫銆�

绗竴娈佃瑳鐨勬槸Herbert Spencer鐨勨€滅敓鐗╁拰鏂囧寲閫插寲鐞嗚珫鈥�銆�

绗簩娈佃瑳鐨勬槸Lewis Henry Morgan鐨勨€滄枃鍖栭€插寲鐞嗚珫鈥濄€�

绗笁娈靛彲浠ョ湅鍒�锛孎(xi脿n)ranz Boas鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋€滄鍙茬壒娈婅珫(historical particularism)鈥�锛屽畠寮疯(di脿o)鎵€鏈夋枃鍖栫殑鍞竴鎬�銆�

绗洓娈甸倓鏄瑳浜咶ranz Boas鐨勭悊璜栥€�

绗簲娈垫垜鍊戦櫎浜嗙湅鍒扳€滄鍙茬壒娈婅珫(historical particularism)鈥濆锛岄倓鐪嬪埌涓€绋€渄iffusionism鈥濈悊璜栧拰鈥渄iffusionists鈥濋€欎竴绋汉銆�

绗叚娈碉紝Émile Durkheim鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴绋枃鍖栫悊璜�锛屼粬瑾嶇偤瀹楁暀淇′话鏈夊姪浜庡姞寮风ぞ鏈冨湗绲�(ji茅)銆�

浜�.瑭﹂鍏烽珨瑙ｆ瀽

閫氶亷鍒嗘瀽鏂囩珷鎴戝€戝彲浠ョ湅鍒�锛屾枃绔犲氨鏄湇绻炶憲閫欏咕绋悊璜栧睍闁嬭◣璜栫殑锛屾枃绔犲堡娆″緢娓呮櫚锛�

鑰岀┖鏍煎嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勪綅缃竴寰嬮兘鏄钀界殑鏈熬锛岄€欐ǎ鎴戝€戝彲浠ュ垎鏋�锛屾墍鏈夌殑閬搁爡鍏�(n猫i)瀹规噳瑭茶垏娈佃惤鍓嶉潰鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹规湁瀵嗗垏鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯�銆�

鎴戝€戝厛澶ч珨鐎忚涓€涓嬪悇鍊嬮伕闋呯殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�

閬搁爡A涓昏浠嬬垂浜嗕粈涔堝彨鈥渄iffusionism鈥濓紝 鍗冲畠瑾嶇偤鏂囧寲鐨勯潻鏂版湁涓€鍊嬪敮涓€鐨勮捣婧�锛屽苟涓斿湪绀炬渻涔嬮枔鍌抽仦銆傚洜鐐虹5娈靛嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜哾iffusionism锛屾墍浠ユ垜鍊戝彲浠ュ垽鏂�锛岄伕闋匒鑲畾鍑虹従(xi脿n)鍦�44椤屼箣鍓嶃€傝€屼笖other anthropologists鐨勫嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鎻愮ず锛屽墠鏂囧彲鑳藉嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜哸nthropologist閫欎竴瑭烇紝閭ｆ垜鍊戝洖鍒板師鏂囦腑鎵惧悇鍊嬩汉鐨勮伔妤�(y猫)锛屽氨鍙互鐪嬪埌鏁寸瘒鏂囩珷鎻愬嚭鐨�4鍊嬩富瑕佺悊璜栧涓�锛屽彧鏈塋ewis Henry Morgan鍜孎ranz Boas鐨勮伔妤�(y猫)鏄痑nthropologist锛屾墍浠ワ紝鎴戝€戞毇鏅傛妸绛旀A閹栧畾鍦�42鍜�43涔嬮枔銆�

閬搁爡B鐨勫ぇ楂旀剰鎬濇槸锛氱偤浜嗙洝鍙兘鍏ㄩ潰鐨勪簡瑙ｇ壒娈婄殑鏂囧寲锛�(particular cultures鏄棞閸佃)锛屼粬灏嶈獮瑷€瀛稿拰韬珨浜洪瀛搁兘寰堢啛鎮�?锛涙皭杞挎伡?锛屾垜鍊戝湪绗�3娈垫壘鍒颁簡the uniqueness of all cultures, 鎴戝€戝彲浠ユ柗瀹氾紝閫欏€嬮伕闋呬腑鐨刪e鎸囩殑灏辨槸Franz Boas銆傞偅Boas鍦ㄧ3娈靛拰绗�4娈甸兘鍑虹従(xi脿n)閬庯紝鎵€浠ユ垜鍊戞妸閬搁爡B閹栧畾鍦�43鍜�44銆�

閬搁爡C鐨勬剰鎬濇槸锛屼汉椤炵殑閫插寲鏈夐€欐ǎ涓€鍊嬬壒寰侊紝灏辨槸鈥渟urvival of the fittest鈥濋仼鑰呯敓瀛�锛屽苟涓旇В閲嬩簡绋棌鍜岀ぞ鏈冪殑閬╄€呯敓瀛樿蹇�銆傚洜鐐虹涓€娈佃瑳鐨勬槸Herbert Spencer鐨勨€滅敓鐗╁拰鏂囧寲閫插寲鐞嗚珫鈥�銆傚苟涓斿嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜咰harles Darwin锛屾垜鍊戦兘鐭ラ亾Charles Darwin鎻愬嚭浜嗙敓鐗╃晫鐨勯仼鑰呯敓瀛�锛岃€岄€欓噷瑾汉椤炵ぞ鏈冪殑閫插寲涔熸湁閬╄€呯敓瀛橀€欎竴鐗瑰緛锛屾墍浠�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ラ鍏堢⒑瀹�41鐨勭瓟妗堟槸閬搁爡C銆�

閬搁爡D鐨勯棞閸佃鏄痠mportant rituals閲嶈鐨勭Ξ鍎€鍜宨nitiation ceremonies鍜屼竴浜涘吀绂�锛屾垜鍊戝湪鏂囩珷涓苟娌掓湁鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鏈夐€欐柟闈㈢殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛屾墍浠ユ毇涓旀摫缃€�

閬搁爡E瑾�锛屽湪浠栫湅渚�锛屼笉鍚屾柟闈㈢殑鏂囧寲diverse aspects of culture锛屼緥濡傗€︹€�锛岄毃钁楃ぞ鏈冪殑閫插寲閮芥敼璁婁簡銆傛垜鍊戝湪璁€鏂囩珷鐨勬檪鍊�锛屼竴瀹氳鎶婃瘡涓€娈电殑闂滈嵉瑭炲妰鍑轰締锛屼互鍒╀簬鍜岄伕闋呬腑鐨勯棞閸佃灏嶆噳銆傝畝绗簩娈电殑鏅傚€�锛屾枃绔犺锛屽湪浠栫殑浣滃搧閲�锛屼粬鐩￠噺瑾槑浜唄ow aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. 閫欒窡閬搁爡E鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹逛笉璎€鑰屽悎銆傛墍浠�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ユ柗瀹�锛�42椤岀殑绛旀鐐洪伕闋匛銆傚洜鐐哄墠闈㈡妸绛旀A閹栧畾鍦�42鍜�43涔嬮枔锛岃€�42椤岀殑绛旀鐐洪伕闋匛锛屾墍浠ョ⒑瀹氶伕闋匒鐐�43椤岀殑绛旀銆傜⒑瀹氫簡43椤岀瓟妗堢偤A锛屽洜鐐轰箣鍓嶆垜鍊戞妸閬搁爡B閹栧畾鍦�43鍜�44锛屾墍浠ユ帓鍑轰簡43锛屾垜鍊戞妸閬搁爡B閹栧畾鍦�44椤�銆�

閬搁爡F鎴戝€戝彲浠ョ湅鍒颁竴鍊嬮棞閸佃functioning锛岄€欏€嬭鍦ㄧ6娈靛嚭鐝�(xi脿n)閬�锛屾墍浠�锛屾垜鍊戞毇涓旀摫缃笉绠°€�

閬搁爡G鏄竴鍊嬩緥瀛�锛屽鏋滄槸绛旀鐨勮┍鎳夎┎鏄敤渚嗚鍏呰鏄庡墠闈㈢殑瑙€榛炵殑锛屽畠瑾紝鐢变簬淇℃伅缂轰箯锛岄€欏叐浣嶄汉椤炲瀹舵彁鍑鸿静(n贸ng)鑰曠瓑閫欎簺閮芥槸璧锋簮浜庡彜鍩冨強锛屽苟涓斿偝鎾埌涓栫晫鍚勫湴銆備簨瀵︿笂锛屾墍鏈夐€欎簺鏂囧寲鐧�(f膩)灞曞湪涓栫晫涓嶅悓鍦版柟鐨勪笉鍚屾檪鏈熼兘鏇惧垎鍒ュ嚭鐝�(xi脿n)閬�銆傞€氶亷鍒嗘瀽閫欏€嬩緥瀛�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ョ煡閬�锛岄€欐槸鍏╃ó涓嶅悓鐨勮榛炵殑姣旇純銆� 鍦ㄧ浜旀鎴戝€戦櫎浜嗙湅鍒扳€滄鍙茬壒娈婅珫(historical particularism)鈥濆锛岄倓鐪嬪埌涓€绋€渄iffusionism鈥濈悊璜栧拰鈥渄iffusionists鈥濋€欎竴绋汉銆傛濂芥槸鍏╃ó鐞嗚珫鐨勫皪姣旓紝鎵€浠ユ垜鍊戝彲浠ユ妸45椤岀殑绛旀杓曟澗鐨勫畾浣嶅埌閬搁爡G銆�

閫欐ǎ鎴戝€戝垵姝ョ⒑瀹氫簡绛旀锛�41鐨勭瓟妗堟槸閬搁爡C锛�42椤岀殑绛旀鐐洪伕闋匛锛�43椤岀殑绛旀鐐洪伕闋匒锛�44椤岀殑绛旀鐐洪伕闋匓锛�45椤岀殑绛旀瀹氫綅鍒伴伕闋匞銆�

鏈€鍚庝唬鍏ラ伕闋�锛岄€氳畝鍏ㄦ枃锛屾鏌ユ枃绔犻倧杓爢搴忓拰娴佹殺绋嬪害銆�

Part C

46. 鏈彞鑰冮粸锛氳硴瑾炲緸鍙�锛宱f 鐭獮浣滃畾瑾烇紝浠ｈ鎸囦唬锛� but寮曞皫骞跺垪鍙�

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛氬彞瀛愪富骞叉槸锛歩t may be said that鈥�, but this effect鈥� its effect鍙奿ts original motive.涓璱t鍦ㄥ彞涓寚浠ocial institution銆�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細鍙互瑾�锛屼换浣曠ぞ鏈冨埗搴︾殑鍍瑰€煎湪浜庡畠灏嶆摯澶у拰鏀归€�缍�(j墨ng)椹�鏂归潰鐨勫奖闊�锛屼絾鏄€欑ó褰遍熆骞朵笉鏄畠鍘熶締鐨勫嫊姗熺殑涓€閮ㄥ垎銆�

47. 鏈彞鑰冮粸锛氬挤瑾�(di脿o)鍙�锛屽垎瑭炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)浣滃悗缃畾瑾�, 鐪佺暐

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛氬挤瑾�(di脿o)鍙ョ殑姝ｅ父瑾炲簭鏄細the by-product of the institution was noted Only gradually, and this effect 鈥as only still more gradually (noted). considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution浣渢his effect鐨勫悗缃畾瑾�銆�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細涓€绋埗搴︾殑鍓敘(ch菐n)鍝侊紝鍙槸閫愭琚敞鎰忓埌鐨�锛岃€岄€欑ó鏁堟灉琚鐐哄鏂介€欑ó鍒跺害鐨勪竴鍊嬫寚灏庢€у洜绱犳洿鍔犵珐鎱㈠緱澶�銆�

48. 鏈彞鑰冮粸锛氭瘮杓冪媭瑾炲緸鍙ワ紝鍕曡硴鍒嗛殧

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽:鏈彞涓诲共鏄痺hile寮曞皫鐨勪竴鍊嬫瘮杓冪媭瑾炲緸鍙ャ€俰n our contact with 浣滅偤涓€鍊嬫彃鍏ユ垚鍒�锛屽垎闅斾簡ignore鍜屽畠鐨勮硴瑾瀟he effect of鈥�銆�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細鍦ㄥ拰浠栧€�(骞磋紩浜�)鎺ヨЦ鐨勬檪鍊欙紝闆栫劧瀹规槗蹇界暐鎴戝€戠殑琛屽嫊灏嶄粬鍊戠殑鍌惧悜鐨勫奖闊�锛屼絾鏄篃涓嶅儚鑸囨垚骞翠汉鎵撲氦閬撻偅涔堢啊鍠€�

49. 鏈彞鑰冮粸锛歴ince寮曞皫鐨勫師鍥犵媭瑾炲緸鍙�锛屼唬瑭炴寚浠�锛岃硴瑾炲緸鍙�锛岃硴瑾炲緸鍙ュ祵濂楀畾瑾炲緸鍙�銆�

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛氭湰鍙ヤ富骞叉槸Since鈥� we cannot help considering鈥﹀叾涓瓀hether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability浣渃annot help considering鐨勮硴瑾�锛寃hich will secure this ability浣滅偤宓屽瀹氳獮寰炲彞淇＞the powers銆�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細鏃㈢劧鎴戝€戠殑涓昏浠诲嫏鍦ㄤ簬浣垮勾杓曚汉鍙冭垏鍏卞悓鐢熸椿锛屾垜鍊戠涓嶄綇鑰冩叜鎴戝€戞槸鍚﹀湪褰㈡垚鐛插緱閫欑ó鑳藉姏鐨勫姏閲�銆�

50. 鏈彞鑰冮粸锛氭彃鍏ヨ獮锛屽畾瑾炲緸鍙�锛屽悓浣嶈獮寰炲彞

绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛歸ithin the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 浣滅偤鎻掑叆瑾�锛寃hich we have been so far considering鐐哄畾瑾炲緸鍙ヤ慨椋緋rocess锛屾湰鍙ヤ富骞叉槸锛歐e are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education. that of direct tuition or schooling鑸嘺 more formal kind of education 鏄悓浣嶈獮闂滅郴銆�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細鍥犳锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ュ湪涓婇潰鎵€鑰冩叜鐨勫唬闂婄殑鏁欒偛閬庣▼涔嬪収(n猫i)鍗€(q奴)鍒ュ嚭涓€绋瘮杓冩瑕�(gu墨)鐨勬暀鑲�锛屽嵆鐩存帴鐨勬暀灏庢垨?q奴)W鏍℃暀鑲层€�

Section III Writing

51.

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52.

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