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Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. Consider (绗�1椤岀瓟妗堢偤B) the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer鈥檚 piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly tended (绗�2椤岀瓟妗堢偤A) to live shorter lives. This suggests that dimmer (绗�3椤岀瓟妗堢偤D)bulbs burn longer, that there is an advantage (绗�4椤岀瓟妗堢偤B)in not being too terrifically bright.

Intelligence, it turns out (绗�5椤岀瓟妗堢偤C), is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow off (绗�6椤岀瓟妗堢偤A)the starting line because it depends on learning 鈥� a gradual (绗�7椤岀瓟妗堢偤D)process鈥� instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they鈥檝e apparently learned is when to stop. (绗�8椤岀瓟妗堢偤C)

Is there an adaptive value to limited(绗�9椤岀瓟妗堢偤B) intelligence? That鈥檚 the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance backward (绗�10椤岀瓟妗堢偤D) at all the species we鈥檝e left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real costs (绗�11椤岀瓟妗堢偤D) of our own intelligence might be. This is on (绗�12椤岀瓟妗堢偤B) the mind of every animal I鈥檝e ever met.

(Every chicken that looks at you sideways 鈥� which is how they all look at you 鈥� is really saying what Thoreau said less succinctly: you are endeavoring to solve the problem of a livelihood by a formula more complicated than the problem itself. Thoreau himself would not dispute that he was hoping to recover the chicken鈥檚 point of view. He went to Walden Pond 鈥渢o remember well his ignorance.鈥�)

Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would perform (绗�13椤岀瓟妗堢偤C) on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, for instance(绗�14椤岀瓟妗堢偤D), is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. I believe that if(绗�15椤岀瓟妗堢偤A) animals ran the labs, they would test us to determine(绗�16椤岀瓟妗堢偤C) the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really for(绗�17椤岀瓟妗堢偤B), not merely how much of it there is.Above all(绗�18椤岀瓟妗堢偤A), they would hope to study a fundamental (绗�19椤岀瓟妗堢偤A) question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? So far (绗�20椤岀瓟妗堢偤C) the results are inconclusive.