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銆€銆€绗竴銆侀棞(gu膩n)浜庣湡椤岀殑鏈夋晥鍒╃敤銆傛瘚搴哥疆鐤�锛岃€冪爺鐪熼鏄サ鍏峰弮鑰冨児(ji脿)鍊肩殑锛岄€氶亷灏�(du矛)鑰冪爺鐪熼鐨勬湁鏁堟妸鎻�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ヤ簡瑙ｅ嚭椤屼汉鐨勫嚭椤屾€濊矾浠ュ強灏�(du矛)鐢熻闆ｅ彞鐨勬湁鏁堟帉鎻�?锛熶匠铏氬柨x鐞嗚В鐨勯洠榛�(di菐n)鍒嗙偤浠ヤ笅骞鹃粸(di菐n)锛氫竴鏄鍖瘮杓冮洠锛屼富瑕佽〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄨ€冨療瑭炲尟鐨勫彟澶栧惈缇�锛涗簩鏄浐瀹氭惌閰嶆瘮杓冨锛涗笁鏄暦闆ｅ彞姣旇純澶�锛屽洓鏄彁骞查伕闋�(xi脿ng)鍏锋湁寰堝挤(qi谩ng)鐨勮糠鎯戞€с€傚皪(du矛)浜庤€冪爺鐪熼锛岀瓎鑰呰獚(r猫n)鐐洪€�(j矛n)琛岀簿璁€鏄崄鍒嗘湁蹇呰鐨�锛屽氨鏄皪(du矛)浜庢枃绔犵殑姣忎竴鍊�(g猫)鍠姣忎竴鍊�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙閮借姹傜悊瑙ｅ緱寰堟竻妤�锛屽寘鎷伕闋�(xi脿ng)鐨勬剰鎬�銆傞€欑ó鏂规硶閫氬父琚ū浣溾€滈粸(di菐n)灏�(du矛)榛�(di菐n)缈昏鈥�銆傞€氶亷閫欎竴閬庣▼鐨勮壉鑻︹€滆〒(x霉n)绶粹€�锛屽彲浠ュ皪(du矛)鐩告噳(y墨ng)鑰冮粸(di菐n)閫�(j矛n)琛屾湁鏁堜簡瑙ｇ殑鍚屾檪(sh铆)锛岄€�(j矛n)琛屾椤炵附绲�(ji茅)锛岄柋璁€鐞嗚В瀛樺湪鑰冭│鐢ㄨ闋荤箒閲嶅京(f霉)鐨勫彲鑳芥€э紝鎵€浠ュ皪(du矛)鏂囩珷閫�(j矛n)琛屾湁鏁堢殑绮惧害鑳藉澧炲姞鑰冪敓灏�(du矛)鍙ュ瓙鍜屽柈瑭炵殑鏈夋晥璀�(sh铆)鍒�锛屼互鍙婂皪(du矛)甯搁洠鍙ョ殑鏈夋晥瑙ｆ瀽銆�

銆€銆€绗簩锛屽浣曟湁鏁堝埄鐢ㄧ湡椤�锛屾彁鐓夎(gu墨)寰嬫€ц€冮粸(di菐n)銆備笅闈互2007骞磋€冪爺闁辫畝鐞嗚В绗竴绡囨枃绔犵偤渚嬶細

銆€銆€鑰冪敓棣栧厛瑕佷綔鍑哄皪(du矛)浜庡叏鏂囧垎娈垫湁鏁堢殑妯�(bi膩o)娉紝鏄庣⒑闆ｉ粸(di菐n)鍜�?锛熼敭c(di菐n)銆傛墍璎傞洠榛�(di菐n)灏辨槸鑷繁涓嶅お鐔熸倝鐨勭煡璀�(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛涜€屾墍璎傜殑?锛熼敭c(di菐n)鏄寚鍙嶅京(f霉)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勫苟涓旀槸鍑洪浜哄弽寰�(f霉)鑰冨療鐨勭煡璀�(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)銆�

銆€銆€If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.

    鏇村淇℃伅璜�(q菒ng)?ji膩n)L鍟忥細鏂版氮鑰冪爺闋婚亾 鑰冪爺璜栧 鑰冪爺鍗氬鍦�

銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾槑锛氱敱浜庡悇鏂归潰鎯呮硜鐨勪笉鏂疯(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€冿紝鏁珛(q菒ng)鑰冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�(zh菙n)銆�

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戝鏋滀綘鎵撶畻瑾�(di脿o)鏌ヤ竴涓�2006骞翠笘鐣屾澂瓒崇悆閷︽(bi膩o)璩芥墍鏈夎冻鐞冮殜(du矛)鍝＄殑鍑虹敓璀夋槑锛岄偅涔堜綘灏囧緢鏈夊彲鑳界櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)涓€鍊�(g猫)浠や汉鍊煎緱闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄧ殑鎬従(xi脿n)璞★細鍎�(y艒u)绉€瓒崇悆閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鍝℃洿鏈夊彲鑳藉嚭鐢熶簬姣忓勾鐨勫墠骞惧€�(g猫)鏈堣€屼笉鏄悗骞惧€�(g猫)鏈�銆傚鏋滀綘鎺ヨ憲瑾�(di脿o)鏌ヤ竴涓嬬偤涓栫晫鏉拰鍚勫ぇ鑱锋キ(y猫)鑱�(li谩n)璩借几閫佺悆鍝＄殑姝愭床鍚勫€�(g猫)鍦嬪闈掑勾闅�(du矛)锛屼綘鏈�(hu矛)鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)閫欎竴鎬従(xi脿n)璞℃洿鐐烘槑椤�銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)銆戦€ｅ付闂�(gu膩n)绯伙細鍗崇湅鍒板墠鑰呰鎯冲埌鍚庤€咃紝渚嬪锛�

銆€銆€More---than---; less---than---; from---to---; between---and---; neither---nor---; either---or---绛�

銆€銆€What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d)none of the above.

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戞槸浠€涔堝師鍥�?q奴)械閫籃绋€従(xi脿n)璞″憿?涓嬮潰鏄竴浜涚寽娓細

銆€銆€a)鏌愪簺鍗犳槦璺¤薄(鏄熷骇)璩︿簣浜哄緢楂樼殑瓒崇悆鎶€鑳斤紱(姣斿鑸変緥瑾槑锛氱緟绱嶇埦钂傚凹濂�1980骞�3鏈�21锛涙瑗�1987骞�6鏈�24锛涘崱鍗�1982骞�4鏈�22锛汣缇呯磵鐖惧1985骞�2鏈�5锛涜矟鍏嬫饥濮�1975骞�5鏈�2锛�)

銆€銆€b)鍐鍑虹敓鐨勫瀛愬線寰€/閫氬父鏈夎純楂樼殑姘у閲�锛岄€欏鍔犱簡韪㈣冻鐞冩檪(sh铆)鐨勮€愬姏锛�

銆€銆€c)鐔辨剾瓒崇悆鐨勭埗姣嶅湪鏄ュ(姣忓勾瓒崇悆鐙備汉鐨勯紟鐩涙檪(sh铆)鏈�)鎳峰瓡锛�

銆€銆€d)涓婅堪瑾硶閮戒笉灏�(du矛)銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)銆憈end to寰€寰€鍋氭煇浜�锛沘ccount for鍗狅紱灏�(d菐o)鑷达紱winter-born锛泂occer-mad;鐐哄京(f霉)鍚堟€ц锛屽鐐哄舰瀹硅锛岄渶瑕佸(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)绌嶇疮銆侭e more likely to do寰堟湁鍙兘---锛沚e less likely to do涓嶅ぇ鍙兘鍋氭煇浜�锛�

銆€銆€Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above." (閫欏彧鑳借鏄庡叐榛�(di菐n)锛岃涔堜綔鑰呭悓鎰忚涔堝弽灏�(du矛))Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20," Ericsson recalls. "He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers." (瑾槑涓嶆柗瑷�(x霉n)绶撮噸瑕�)

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戜經缇呴噷閬�(d谩)宸炵珛澶у(xu茅)58姝茬殑蹇冪悊瀛�(xu茅)鏁欐巿Anders Ericsson(瀹夊痉鏂�-鍩冮噷鍏嬫．)瑾紝浠栧爡(ji膩n)淇♀€滀互涓婅娉曢兘涓嶅皪(du矛)鈥濋€欎竴鐚滄脯銆傚湪鐟炲吀闀峰ぇ鐨凙E鏃╂湡寰炰簨鐨勬槸鏍稿伐绋嬪(xu茅)鐮旂┒锛岀洿鍒板悗渚嗕粬瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)鍒板鏋滆綁(zhu菐n)鍚戝績鐞嗗(xu茅)闋�(l菒ng)鍩�锛屼粬鏈�(hu矛)鏈夋洿澶氭(j墨)鏈�(hu矛)寰炰簨鑷繁鐨勫皥闁€鐮旂┒銆備粬鐨勯娆¤│椹�(y脿n)澶х磩鏄湪30澶氬勾浠ュ墠锛屾槸鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷樻喍鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)锛氳〒(x霉n)绶翠竴鍊�(g猫)浜哄厛鑱戒竴绲勯毃姗�(j墨)鏁�(sh霉)瀛�锛岀劧鍚庡啀閲嶅京(f霉)瑭茬祫鏁�(sh霉)瀛�?锛侀湼璇�?j墨ng)閬庡ぇ绱�20鍊�(g猫)灏忔檪(sh铆)瑷�(x霉n)绶翠箣鍚�锛岀涓€鍊�(g猫)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)灏�(du矛)璞＄殑鏁�(sh霉)瀛楄法搴﹂枊濮嬪緸7鍗囧埌20锛屸€滱E鍥炴喍閬�锛屸€滆┎瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)灏�(du矛)璞′笉鏂烽€�(j矛n)姝ワ紝鍦ㄦ帴鍙楀ぇ绱�200鍊�(g猫)灏忔檪(sh铆)鐨勮〒(x霉n)绶翠箣鍚�锛屼粬鍙互閲嶅京(f霉)鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�?j菒n)?sh霉)鐩仈(d谩)鍒�80澶氬€�(g猫)?锛�?/p>

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)銆戞彃鍏ヨ獮锛氬湪涓昏獮鍜岃瑐瑾炰箣闁撶敤鍏╁€�(g猫)閫楄櫉(h脿o)鎴栬€呭叐鍊�(g猫)鐮存姌铏�(h脿o)寮曡捣鐨勬垚鍒嗭紝涓嬮潰閫欏€�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙涓殑鎻掑叆鑸囧叾瑙ｉ噵瑾槑鐨勪綔鐢�銆�

銆€銆€Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above."

銆€銆€This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戦€欎竴瑭﹂(y脿n)鐨勬垚鍔熼€ｅ悓闅ㄥ悗鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)琛ㄦ槑浜嗚鎲舵湰韬苟涓嶆槸鐢遍伜鍌虫焙瀹氱殑锛岄€欎娇寰桝E寰楀嚭绲�(ji茅)璜�锛屽嵆瑷樻喍閬庣▼鏄竴绋獚(r猫n)鐭ョ反缈�(x铆)鑰屼笉鏄竴绋洿瑕�(鏈兘)鑳藉姏銆�

銆€銆€鎻涘彞瑭辫锛岀劇璜栧叐鍊�(g猫)浜哄ぉ鐢熺殑瑷樻喍鍔涘瓨鍦ㄦ€庢ǎ鐨勫樊鐣帮紝閫欎簺宸暟閮芥渻(hu矛)琚€�(g猫)浜哄浣曟伆鐣�(d膩ng)?sh霉)浜嶆晼搴緓鈥濊鎲朵俊鎭墍娑堥櫎銆傚洜姝E纰轰俊浜嗚В濡備綍鏈夌洰鐨勫湴瑙ｈ畝淇℃伅鐨勬渶浣虫柟娉曞氨鏄溇鎵€鍛ㄧ煡鐨勫埢鎰忕反缈�(x铆)閬庣▼?锛熸楗╂?x铆)闇€瑕佺殑涓嶅儏鍍呮槸绨″柈鍦伴噸寰�(f霉)涓€闋�(xi脿ng)浠诲嫏(w霉)銆傜浉鍙�锛屽畠鍖呮嫭瑷�(sh猫)绔嬫槑纰虹洰妯�(bi膩o)锛岀嵅寰楀嵆鏅�(sh铆)鍙嶉浠ュ強鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍜岀祼(ji茅)鏋滅浉绲�(ji茅)鍚堢瓑銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸(di菐n)銆憇how that=reveal/illustrate/demonstrate/indicates that琛ㄦ槑锛�

銆€銆€Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers-whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming-are nearly always made, not born.

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戝洜姝わ紝AE鍜屼粬鐨勫悓浜嬪凡缍�(j墨ng)闁嬪鐮旂┒鍖呮嫭瓒崇悆闋�(l菒ng)鍩熷湪鍏�(n猫i)鐨勫悇绋牁(l菒ng)鍩熶腑鐨勫皥妤�(y猫)浜哄＋銆備粬鍊戞敹闆嗕簡涓€鍒囧彲鑳藉緱鍒扮殑璩囨枡锛屼笉鍍呭寘鎷�绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍜屽偝瑷樿┏绱�(x矛)璩囨枡锛岄倓鍖呮嫭浠栧€戝皪(du矛)鎴愬姛浜哄＋閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹よ│椹�(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋�銆備粬鍊戠殑鐮旂┒寰楀嚭浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)浠や汉椹氳鐨勭祼(ji茅)璜栵細鎴戝€戦€氬父绋辩偤澶╁垎鐨勫搧璩�(zh矛)琚珮浼颁簡?锛涜洏閭燪鍙ヨ┍瑾�锛屽皥妤�(y猫)浜哄＋鈥斺€旂劇璜栨槸鍦ㄨ鎲讹紝閭勬槸鍦ㄥ绉�(鎵嬭(sh霉))锛屽湪鑺暰閭勬槸鍦ㄨ▓(j矛)绠楁(j墨)绶ㄧ▼闋�(l菒ng)鍩熲€斺€斿咕涔庨兘鏄悗澶╁煿椁�(y菐ng)鐨勮€屼笉鏄ぉ鐢熷氨鏈夌殑銆�

    鏇村淇℃伅璜�(q菒ng)?ji膩n)L鍟忥細鏂版氮鑰冪爺闋婚亾 鑰冪爺璜栧 鑰冪爺鍗氬鍦�

銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾槑锛氱敱浜庡悇鏂归潰鎯呮硜鐨勪笉鏂疯(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€�锛屾暚璜�(q菒ng)鑰冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�(zh菙n)銆�

銆€銆€21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to

銆€?銆傝窐锛絪tress the importance of professional training.娌掓湁鎻愬埌

銆€銆€锛籅锛絪potlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.娌掓湁鎻愬埌鐞冩槦

銆€?銆傝窚锛絠ntroduce the topic of what makes expert performance.闁嬮牠鐐轰腑蹇冭€屾湇鍕�(w霉)锛岃€岄伕鎿嘋

銆€銆€锛籇锛絜xplain why some soccer teams play better than others.涓嶆槸鐞冮殜(du矛)浣滄瘮杓�锛岃€屾槸浜轰綔姣旇純

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戞枃涓墍鎻愬埌鐨勮冻鐞冮亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鍝′腑鐨勫嚭鐢熺従(xi脿n)璞＄洰鐨勬槸 锛�

銆€?銆傝窐锛藉挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)灏堟キ(y猫)瑷�(x霉n)绶寸殑閲嶈鎬�

銆€銆€锛籅锛借仛鐒︿笘鐣屾澂鐞冩槦

銆€?銆傝窚锛戒粙绱光€滃紩璧峰皥妤�(y猫)琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鐨勫洜绱犫€濋€欎竴瑭遍

銆€?銆傝窢锛借В閲嬬偤浠€涔堜竴浜涜冻鐞冮殜(du矛)姣斿叾浠栬冻鐞冮殜(du矛)琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)濂�

銆€銆€22. The word "mania" (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means

銆€?銆傝窐锛絝un.

銆€銆€锛籅锛絚raze.鐙傜啽

銆€銆€锛籆锛絟ysteria. 姝囨柉搴曢噷鐨�锛屼笉姝ｅ父鐨勮垐濂�

銆€銆€锛籇锛絜xcitement.

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戔€渕ania鈥�(绗�2娈电6琛�)鏈€鏈夊彲鑳界殑鎰忔€濇槸 锛�

銆€?銆傝窐锛芥▊瓒�(activities that are enjoyable or amusing)

銆€?銆傝窓锛界媯鐔�(an interest followed with exaggerated zeal鐔辨儏)

銆€?銆傝窚锛芥瓏鏂簳閲�(state of violent mental agitation鑸堝ギ)涓嶅お姝ｅ父

銆€?銆傝窢锛借垐濂�(the feeling of lively and cheerful joy)

銆€銆€23. According to Ericsson, good memory

銆€?銆傝窐锛絛epends on meaningful processing of information.

銆€?銆傝窓锛絩esults from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.绛旀鏈韩閷�(cu貌)

銆€?銆傝窚锛絠s determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.绛旀鏈韩閷�(cu貌)

銆€?銆傝窢锛絩equires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.鎻愬埌浜�銆�

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戝湪AE鐪嬩締锛屽ソ鐨勮鎲� 锛�

銆€?銆傝窐锛藉彇姹轰簬灏�(du矛)淇℃伅鐨勬湁鎰忕京鐨勮檿鐞�

銆€?銆傝窓锛藉彇姹轰簬鐩磋鑳藉姏鑰屼笉鏄獚(r猫n)鐭ョ反缈�(x铆)

銆€?銆傝窚锛界敱鍩哄洜鑰屼笉鏄績鐞嗗洜绱犳焙瀹�

銆€?銆傝窢锛借姹傚嵆鏅�(sh铆)鍙嶉鍜屾敞鎰忓姏楂樺害闆嗕腑

    鏇村淇℃伅璜�(q菒ng)?ji膩n)L鍟忥細鏂版氮鑰冪爺闋婚亾 鑰冪爺璜栧 鑰冪爺鍗氬鍦�

銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾槑锛氱敱浜庡悇鏂归潰鎯呮硜鐨勪笉鏂疯(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€�锛屾暚璜�(q菒ng)鑰冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�(zh菙n)銆�

銆€銆€24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that鎵綽elieve鐨勫悓鎰忚锛岀浜旀

銆€?銆傝窐锛絫alent is a dominating factor for professional success.

銆€銆€锛籅锛絙iographical data provide the key to excellent performance.

銆€?銆傝窚锛絫he role of talent tends to be overlooked.鍌惧悜浜�锛屾湁鍔╀簬

銆€?銆傝窢锛絟igh achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€慉E鍜屼粬鐨勫悓浜嬬浉淇� 锛�

銆€?銆傝窐锛藉ぉ鐢熺殑鎵嶈兘鏄伔妤�(y猫)鎴愬姛鐨勪竴闋�(xi脿ng)涓昏鍥犵礌

銆€銆€锛籅锛藉偝瑷樻暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鎻愪緵浜嗗劒(y艒u)绉€琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸佃В閲�

銆€?銆傝窚锛藉ぉ鐢熸墠鑳界殑瑙掕壊閫氬父琚拷鐣�

銆€銆€锛籇锛芥垚鍔熶汉澹妸鑷繁鎴愬姛澶у鏁�(sh霉)姝稿姛浜庡悗澶╁姫鍔�

銆€銆€25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?

銆€?銆傝窐锛� "Faith will move mountains." 鎺掑嚭

銆€?銆傝窓锛� "One reaps what one sows."

銆€銆€锛籆锛� "Practice makes perfect."

銆€?銆傝窢锛� "Like father, like son." 鎺掑嚭

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戜笅闈㈤偅涓€鍙ヨ瑾炰簬鏂囩珷鎵€鍌抽仦鐨勪俊鎭渶鎺ヨ繎锛�

銆€?銆傝窐锛界簿瑾犳墍鑷�锛岄噾鐭崇偤闁�銆�

銆€銆€锛籅锛界ó鐡滃緱鐡�

銆€?銆傝窚锛界啛鑳界敓宸�

銆€?銆傝窢锛芥湁鍏剁埗蹇呮湁鍏�

    鏇村淇℃伅璜�(q菒ng)?ji膩n)L鍟忥細鏂版氮鑰冪爺闋婚亾 鑰冪爺璜栧 鑰冪爺鍗氬鍦�

銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾槑锛氱敱浜庡悇鏂归潰鎯呮硜鐨勪笉鏂疯(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€�锛屾暚璜�(q菒ng)鑰冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�(zh菙n)銆�

銆€銆€绗笁銆佹敞鎰忔(bi膩o)榛�(di菐n)绗﹁櫉(h脿o)鐨勪娇鐢細妯�(bi膩o)榛�(di菐n)绗﹁櫉(h脿o)鐨勬湁鏁堜娇鐢ㄥ湪闁辫畝鍜屼綔椤岀殑閬庣▼涓渻(hu矛)璧蜂竴瀹氱殑浣滅敤銆�

銆€銆€鍐掕櫉(h脿o)锛氬彞瀛愮壒榛�(di菐n)鍓嶉潰瑭辫純灏�锛屽悗闈㈣┍杓冨锛岃捣瑙ｉ噵瑾槑鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€備緥濡傦細If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.

銆€銆€鍠牬鎶樿櫉(h脿o)锛氬彞瀛愮壒榛�(di菐n)鍓嶉潰瑭辫純澶�锛屽悗闈㈣┍杓冨皯锛岃捣楂樺害姒傛嫭鐨勪綔鐢�銆備緥濡傦細A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide鈥攖he division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor.

銆€銆€闆欑牬鎶樿櫉(h脿o)锛氱浉鐣�(d膩ng)浜庡叐鍊�(g猫)閫楄櫉(h脿o)锛岃捣鎻掑叆瑾炰綔鐢�銆備緥濡傦細And that is why America鈥檚 Second Wave infrastructure鈥攊ncluding roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on鈥攚ere built with foreign investment.

銆€銆€寮曡櫉(h脿o)锛氳捣寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鎴栬€呭弽瑾炰綔鐢�銆備緥濡傦細In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information.

銆€銆€灏忔嫭铏�(h脿o)锛氳捣瑙ｉ噵瑾槑浣滅敤銆備緥濡傦細most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns) into which they plug each day鈥檚 events.

銆€銆€绗洓銆侀€氶亷鍒嗘瀽瀹岀湡椤岋紝鑰冪敓閭勯渶瑕佺敤涓€鍙僵鑹茬瓎灏�(du矛)鍘熸枃鑰冮粸(di菐n)鍑哄仛鏈夋晥鐨勬(bi膩o)瑷樸€備緥濡�锛岀23椤岀洰瀹氫綅鍦ㄦ枃绔犵鍥涙鐨勪簩銆佷笁鍙ヨ┍锛涚24椤屽畾浣嶅湪鏂囩珷鏈€鍚庝竴娈电殑鏈€鍚庝竴鍙ヨ┍銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)鏈夋晥鐨勫畾浣嶇敤褰╄壊绛嗕綔鍑烘湁鏁堟(bi膩o)瑷�锛岀劧鍚庡皪(du矛)鐩镐技椤屽瀷閫�(j矛n)琛屾湁鏁堝垎鏋�锛岄€氶亷姝搁绺界祼(ji茅)闁辫畝瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪拰鎶€宸�銆傛垜鍊戝氨鏈�(hu矛)鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍑洪浜烘€濊矾澶у閲囧彇鐨勬槸鍚屼竴鏇挎彌鐨勫師鍓�銆備緥濡傦細绗�24椤岋細or, put another way, expert performers鈥攚hether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming鈥攁re nearly always mad, not born灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)绛旀high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.

銆€銆€绗簲銆佸仛濂芥湁鏁堢殑鏈楄畝鍜岀⿳绱浣滅敤瑭炲伐浣�銆傞柋璁€鐞嗚В涓嶅厜鏄敤渚嗗仛鐨勶紝閭勯渶瑕佷締璁€锛岄€氶亷澶氳畝鏂囩珷鍙互鍔犲挤(qi谩ng)灏�(du矛)鏂囩珷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪簡瑙ｅ拰鍙ュ瓙鐨勬湁鏁堟妸鎻�銆傚彟澶�锛岄柋璁€鐞嗚В涓湁寰堝濂藉湴鐢ㄨ鍙互鐢ㄥ湪瀵綔閬庣▼涓紝閫欏皪(du矛)浜庣浉瑕佸濂戒綔鏂囩殑鍚屽(xu茅)鍙互鎻愪緵鍊熼憭鎰忕京銆傛渶鍚�锛岃》蹇冪鎰挎瘡涓€浣嶈€冪敓閮借兘澶犲あ鎯虫垚鐪�锛�

    鏇村淇℃伅璜�(q菒ng)?ji膩n)L鍟忥細鏂版氮鑰冪爺闋婚亾 鑰冪爺璜栧 鑰冪爺鍗氬鍦�

銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾槑锛氱敱浜庡悇鏂归潰鎯呮硜鐨勪笉鏂疯(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€�锛屾暚璜�(q菒ng)鑰冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�(zh菙n)銆�