銆€銆€鏂版澅鏂瑰鏍�鑰冪爺鑻辫獮闁辫畝鍚嶅斧

銆€銆€2009骞磋€冪爺鍦ㄥ嵆锛岀瓎鑰呮兂灏遍柋璁€鐞嗚В鑰冭│涓噳(y墨ng)瑭叉敞鎰忕殑骞鹃粸鍟忛鎻愬咕榛炲缓璀�銆�

銆€銆€绗竴銆侀棞(gu膩n)浜庣湡椤岀殑鏈夋晥鍒╃敤銆傛瘚搴哥疆鐤戯紝鑰冪爺鐪熼鏄サ鍏峰弮鑰冨児鍊肩殑锛岄€氶亷灏嶈€冪爺鐪熼鐨勬湁鏁堟妸鎻�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ヤ簡瑙ｅ嚭椤屼汉鐨勫嚭椤屾€濊矾浠ュ強灏嶇敓瑭為洠鍙ョ殑鏈夋晥鎺屾彙銆傝€冪爺闁辫畝鐞嗚В鐨勯洠榛炲垎鐐轰互涓嬪咕榛烇細涓€鏄鍖瘮杓冮洠锛屼富瑕佽〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄨ€冨療瑭炲尟鐨勫彟澶栧惈缇╋紱浜屾槸鍥哄畾鎼厤姣旇純澶�锛涗笁鏄暦闆ｅ彞姣旇純澶�锛屽洓鏄彁骞查伕闋呭叿鏈夊緢寮风殑杩锋儜鎬с€傚皪浜庤€冪爺鐪熼锛岀瓎鑰呰獚鐐洪€茶绮捐畝鏄崄鍒嗘湁蹇呰鐨�锛屽氨鏄皪浜庢枃绔犵殑姣忎竴鍊嬪柈瑭炴瘡涓€鍊嬪彞瀛愰兘瑕佹眰鐞嗚В寰楀緢娓呮锛屽寘鎷伕闋呯殑鎰忔€�銆傞€欑ó鏂规硶閫氬父琚ū浣溾€滈粸灏嶉粸缈昏鈥濄€傞€氶亷閫欎竴閬庣▼鐨勮壉鑻︹€滆〒(x霉n)绶粹€�锛屽彲浠ュ皪鐩告噳(y墨ng)鑰冮粸閫茶鏈夋晥浜嗚В鐨勫悓鏅傦紝閫茶姝搁绺界祼(ji茅)锛岄柋璁€鐞嗚В瀛樺湪鑰冭│鐢ㄨ闋荤箒閲嶅京(f霉)鐨勫彲鑳芥€э紝鎵€浠ュ皪鏂囩珷閫茶鏈夋晥鐨勭簿搴﹁兘澶犲鍔犺€冪敓灏嶅彞瀛愬拰鍠鐨勬湁鏁堣瓨鍒�锛屼互鍙婂皪甯搁洠鍙ョ殑鏈夋晥瑙ｆ瀽銆�

銆€銆€绗簩锛屽浣曟湁鏁堝埄鐢ㄧ湡椤�锛屾彁鐓夎(gu墨)寰嬫€ц€冮粸銆備笅闈互2007骞磋€冪爺闁辫畝鐞嗚В绗竴绡囨枃绔犵偤渚嬶細

銆€銆€鑰冪敓棣栧厛瑕佷綔鍑哄皪浜庡叏鏂囧垎娈垫湁鏁堢殑妯欐敞锛屾槑纰洪洠榛炲拰甯歌€冮粸銆傛墍璎傞洠榛炲氨鏄嚜宸变笉澶啛鎮夌殑鐭ヨ瓨榛烇紱鑰屾墍璎傜殑?锛熼敭c鏄寚鍙嶅京(f霉)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勫苟涓旀槸鍑洪浜哄弽寰�(f霉)鑰冨療鐨勭煡璀橀粸銆�

銆€銆€If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.

    鏇村淇℃伅璜嬭í鍟忥細鏂版氮鑰冪爺闋婚亾 鑰冪爺璜栧 鑰冪爺鍗氬鍦�

銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾槑锛氱敱浜庡悇鏂归潰鎯呮硜鐨勪笉鏂疯(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€冿紝鏁珛鑰冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�銆�

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戝鏋滀綘鎵撶畻瑾�(di脿o)鏌ヤ竴涓�2006骞翠笘鐣屾澂瓒崇悆閷︽璩芥墍鏈夎冻鐞冮殜鍝＄殑鍑虹敓璀夋槑锛岄偅涔堜綘灏囧緢鏈夊彲鑳界櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)涓€鍊嬩护浜哄€煎緱闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄧ殑鎬従(xi脿n)璞★細鍎�(y艒u)绉€瓒崇悆閬嬪嫊鍝℃洿鏈夊彲鑳藉嚭鐢熶簬姣忓勾鐨勫墠骞惧€嬫湀鑰屼笉鏄悗骞惧€嬫湀銆傚鏋滀綘鎺ヨ憲瑾�(di脿o)鏌ヤ竴涓嬬偤涓栫晫鏉拰鍚勫ぇ鑱锋キ(y猫)鑱�(li谩n)璩借几閫佺悆鍝＄殑姝愭床鍚勫€嬪湅瀹堕潚骞撮殜锛屼綘鏈冪櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)閫欎竴鎬従(xi脿n)璞℃洿鐐烘槑椤€�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸銆戦€ｅ付闂�(gu膩n)绯伙細鍗崇湅鍒板墠鑰呰鎯冲埌鍚庤€�锛屼緥濡傦細

銆€銆€More---than---; less---than---; from---to---; between---and---; neither---nor---; either---or---绛�

銆€銆€What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d)none of the above.

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戞槸浠€涔堝師鍥�?q奴)械閫籃绋€従(xi脿n)璞″憿?涓嬮潰鏄竴浜涚寽娓細

銆€銆€a)鏌愪簺鍗犳槦璺¤薄(鏄熷骇)璩︿簣浜哄緢楂樼殑瓒崇悆鎶€鑳�锛�(姣斿鑸変緥瑾槑锛氱緟绱嶇埦钂傚凹濂�1980骞�3鏈�21锛涙瑗�1987骞�6鏈�24锛涘崱鍗�1982骞�4鏈�22锛汣缇呯磵鐖惧1985骞�2鏈�5锛涜矟鍏嬫饥濮�1975骞�5鏈�2锛�)

銆€銆€b)鍐鍑虹敓鐨勫瀛愬線寰€/閫氬父鏈夎純楂樼殑姘у閲�锛岄€欏鍔犱簡韪㈣冻鐞冩檪鐨勮€愬姏锛�

銆€銆€c)鐔辨剾瓒崇悆鐨勭埗姣嶅湪鏄ュ(姣忓勾瓒崇悆鐙備汉鐨勯紟鐩涙檪鏈�)鎳峰瓡锛�

銆€銆€d)涓婅堪瑾硶閮戒笉灏�銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸銆憈end to寰€寰€鍋氭煇浜�锛沘ccount for鍗�锛涘皫(d菐o)鑷�锛泈inter-born锛泂occer-mad;鐐哄京(f霉)鍚堟€ц锛屽鐐哄舰瀹硅锛岄渶瑕佸鏈冪⿳绱�銆侭e more likely to do寰堟湁鍙兘---锛沚e less likely to do涓嶅ぇ鍙兘鍋氭煇浜嬶紱

銆€銆€Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above." (閫欏彧鑳借鏄庡叐榛�锛岃涔堜綔鑰呭悓鎰忚涔堝弽灏�)Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20," Ericsson recalls. "He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers." (瑾槑涓嶆柗瑷�(x霉n)绶撮噸瑕�)

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戜經缇呴噷閬斿窞绔嬪ぇ瀛�58姝茬殑蹇冪悊瀛告暀鎺圓nders Ericsson(瀹夊痉鏂�-鍩冮噷鍏嬫．)瑾紝浠栧爡淇♀€滀互涓婅娉曢兘涓嶅皪鈥濋€欎竴鐚滄脯銆傚湪鐟炲吀闀峰ぇ鐨凙E鏃╂湡寰炰簨鐨勬槸鏍稿伐绋嬪鐮旂┒锛岀洿鍒板悗渚嗕粬瑾嶈瓨鍒板鏋滆綁(zhu菐n)鍚戝績鐞嗗闋�(l菒ng)鍩�锛屼粬鏈冩湁鏇村姗熸渻寰炰簨鑷繁鐨勫皥闁€鐮旂┒銆備粬鐨勯娆¤│椹楀ぇ绱勬槸鍦�30澶氬勾浠ュ墠锛屾槸鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷樻喍鐨勫椹楋細瑷�(x霉n)绶翠竴鍊嬩汉鍏堣伣涓€绲勯毃姗熸暩(sh霉)瀛�锛岀劧鍚庡啀閲嶅京(f霉)瑭茬祫鏁�(sh霉)瀛�?锛侀湼璇�?j墨ng)閬庡ぇ绱�20鍊嬪皬鏅傝〒(x霉n)绶翠箣鍚�锛岀涓€鍊嬪椹楀皪璞＄殑鏁�(sh霉)瀛楄法搴﹂枊濮嬪緸7鍗囧埌20锛屸€滱E鍥炴喍閬�锛屸€滆┎瀵﹂灏嶈薄涓嶆柗閫叉锛屽湪鎺ュ彈澶х磩200鍊嬪皬鏅傜殑瑷�(x霉n)绶翠箣鍚�锛屼粬鍙互閲嶅京(f霉)鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛楁暩(sh霉)鐩仈鍒�80澶氬€�?锛�?/p>

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸銆戞彃鍏ヨ獮锛氬湪涓昏獮鍜岃瑐瑾炰箣闁撶敤鍏╁€嬮€楄櫉鎴栬€呭叐鍊嬬牬鎶樿櫉寮曡捣鐨勬垚鍒嗭紝涓嬮潰閫欏€嬪彞瀛愪腑鐨勬彃鍏ヨ垏鍏惰В閲嬭鏄庣殑浣滅敤銆�

銆€銆€Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above."

銆€銆€This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戦€欎竴瑭﹂鐨勬垚鍔熼€ｅ悓闅ㄥ悗鐨勫椹楄〃鏄庝簡瑷樻喍鏈韩骞朵笉鏄敱閬哄偝姹哄畾鐨�锛岄€欎娇寰桝E寰楀嚭绲�(ji茅)璜栵紝鍗宠鎲堕亷绋嬫槸涓€绋獚鐭ョ反缈掕€屼笉鏄竴绋洿瑕�(鏈兘)鑳藉姏銆�

銆€銆€鎻涘彞瑭辫锛岀劇璜栧叐鍊嬩汉澶╃敓鐨勮鎲跺姏瀛樺湪鎬庢ǎ鐨勫樊鐣�锛岄€欎簺宸暟閮芥渻琚€嬩汉濡備綍鎭扮暥?sh霉)浜嶆晼搴緓鈥濊鎲朵俊鎭墍娑堥櫎銆傚洜姝E纰轰俊浜嗚В濡備綍鏈夌洰鐨勫湴瑙ｈ畝淇℃伅鐨勬渶浣虫柟娉曞氨鏄溇鎵€鍛ㄧ煡鐨勫埢鎰忕反缈掗亷绋�銆傚埢鎰忕反缈掗渶瑕佺殑涓嶅儏鍍呮槸绨″柈鍦伴噸寰�(f霉)涓€闋呬换鍕�(w霉)銆傜浉鍙嶏紝瀹冨寘鎷ō(sh猫)绔嬫槑纰虹洰妯欙紝鐛插緱鍗虫檪鍙嶉浠ュ強鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍜岀祼(ji茅)鏋滅浉绲�(ji茅)鍚堢瓑銆�

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸銆憇how that=reveal/illustrate/demonstrate/indicates that琛ㄦ槑锛�

銆€銆€Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers-whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming-are nearly always made, not born.

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戝洜姝�锛孉E鍜屼粬鐨勫悓浜嬪凡缍�(j墨ng)闁嬪鐮旂┒鍖呮嫭瓒崇悆闋�(l菒ng)鍩熷湪鍏�(n猫i)鐨勫悇绋牁(l菒ng)鍩熶腑鐨勫皥妤�(y猫)浜哄＋銆備粬鍊戞敹闆嗕簡涓€鍒囧彲鑳藉緱鍒扮殑璩囨枡锛屼笉鍍呭寘鎷�绲�(t菕ng)瑷�鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍜屽偝瑷樿┏绱拌硣鏂�锛岄倓鍖呮嫭浠栧€戝皪鎴愬姛浜哄＋閫茶鐨勫椹楀瑭﹂绲�(ji茅)鏋溿€備粬鍊戠殑鐮旂┒寰楀嚭浜嗕竴鍊嬩护浜洪瑷濈殑绲�(ji茅)璜栵細鎴戝€戦€氬父绋辩偤澶╁垎鐨勫搧璩�(zh矛)琚珮浼颁簡?锛涜洏閭燪鍙ヨ┍瑾紝灏堟キ(y猫)浜哄＋鈥斺€旂劇璜栨槸鍦ㄨ鎲�锛岄倓鏄湪澶栫(鎵嬭(sh霉))锛屽湪鑺暰閭勬槸鍦ㄨ▓绠楁绶ㄧ▼闋�(l菒ng)鍩熲€斺€斿咕涔庨兘鏄悗澶╁煿椁�(y菐ng)鐨勮€屼笉鏄ぉ鐢熷氨鏈夌殑銆�

    鏇村淇℃伅璜嬭í鍟忥細鏂版氮鑰冪爺闋婚亾 鑰冪爺璜栧 鑰冪爺鍗氬鍦�

銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾槑锛氱敱浜庡悇鏂归潰鎯呮硜鐨勪笉鏂疯(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€�锛屾暚璜嬭€冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�銆�

銆€銆€21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to

銆€?銆傝窐锛絪tress the importance of professional training.娌掓湁鎻愬埌

銆€?銆傝窓锛絪potlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.娌掓湁鎻愬埌鐞冩槦

銆€?銆傝窚锛絠ntroduce the topic of what makes expert performance.闁嬮牠鐐轰腑蹇冭€屾湇鍕�(w霉)锛岃€岄伕鎿嘋

銆€?銆傝窢锛絜xplain why some soccer teams play better than others.涓嶆槸鐞冮殜浣滄瘮杓冿紝鑰屾槸浜轰綔姣旇純

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戞枃涓墍鎻愬埌鐨勮冻鐞冮亱鍕曞摗涓殑鍑虹敓鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄洰鐨勬槸 锛�

銆€?銆傝窐锛藉挤瑾�(di脿o)灏堟キ(y猫)瑷�(x霉n)绶寸殑閲嶈鎬�

銆€?銆傝窓锛借仛鐒︿笘鐣屾澂鐞冩槦

銆€?銆傝窚锛戒粙绱光€滃紩璧峰皥妤�(y猫)琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鐨勫洜绱犫€濋€欎竴瑭遍

銆€?銆傝窢锛借В閲嬬偤浠€涔堜竴浜涜冻鐞冮殜姣斿叾浠栬冻鐞冮殜琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)濂�

銆€銆€22. The word "mania" (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means

銆€銆€锛籄锛絝un.

銆€?銆傝窓锛絚raze.鐙傜啽

銆€?銆傝窚锛絟ysteria. 姝囨柉搴曢噷鐨�锛屼笉姝ｅ父鐨勮垐濂�

銆€?銆傝窢锛絜xcitement.

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戔€渕ania鈥�(绗�2娈电6琛�)鏈€鏈夊彲鑳界殑鎰忔€濇槸 锛�

銆€?銆傝窐锛芥▊瓒�(activities that are enjoyable or amusing)

銆€銆€锛籅锛界媯鐔�(an interest followed with exaggerated zeal鐔辨儏)

銆€?銆傝窚锛芥瓏鏂簳閲�(state of violent mental agitation鑸堝ギ)涓嶅お姝ｅ父

銆€銆€锛籇锛借垐濂�(the feeling of lively and cheerful joy)

銆€銆€23. According to Ericsson, good memory

銆€?銆傝窐锛絛epends on meaningful processing of information.

銆€銆€锛籅锛絩esults from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.绛旀鏈韩閷�

銆€?銆傝窚锛絠s determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.绛旀鏈韩閷�

銆€銆€锛籇锛絩equires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.鎻愬埌浜�銆�

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戝湪AE鐪嬩締锛屽ソ鐨勮鎲� 锛�

銆€銆€锛籄锛藉彇姹轰簬灏嶄俊鎭殑鏈夋剰缇╃殑铏曠悊

銆€?銆傝窓锛藉彇姹轰簬鐩磋鑳藉姏鑰屼笉鏄獚鐭ョ反缈�

銆€?銆傝窚锛界敱鍩哄洜鑰屼笉鏄績鐞嗗洜绱犳焙瀹�

銆€?銆傝窢锛借姹傚嵆鏅傚弽楗嬪拰娉ㄦ剰鍔涢珮搴﹂泦涓�

    鏇村淇℃伅璜嬭í鍟忥細鏂版氮鑰冪爺闋婚亾 鑰冪爺璜栧 鑰冪爺鍗氬鍦�

銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾槑锛氱敱浜庡悇鏂归潰鎯呮硜鐨勪笉鏂疯(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€冿紝鏁珛鑰冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�銆�

銆€銆€24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that鎵綽elieve鐨勫悓鎰忚锛岀浜旀

銆€?銆傝窐锛絫alent is a dominating factor for professional success.

銆€?銆傝窓锛絙iographical data provide the key to excellent performance.

銆€?銆傝窚锛絫he role of talent tends to be overlooked.鍌惧悜浜�锛屾湁鍔╀簬

銆€?銆傝窢锛絟igh achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€慉E鍜屼粬鐨勫悓浜嬬浉淇� 锛�

銆€?銆傝窐锛藉ぉ鐢熺殑鎵嶈兘鏄伔妤�(y猫)鎴愬姛鐨勪竴闋呬富瑕佸洜绱�

銆€銆€锛籅锛藉偝瑷樻暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鎻愪緵浜嗗劒(y艒u)绉€琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸佃В閲�

銆€?銆傝窚锛藉ぉ鐢熸墠鑳界殑瑙掕壊閫氬父琚拷鐣�

銆€銆€锛籇锛芥垚鍔熶汉澹妸鑷繁鎴愬姛澶у鏁�(sh霉)姝稿姛浜庡悗澶╁姫鍔�

銆€銆€25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?

銆€?銆傝窐锛� "Faith will move mountains." 鎺掑嚭

銆€銆€锛籅锛� "One reaps what one sows."

銆€?銆傝窚锛� "Practice makes perfect."

銆€銆€锛籇锛� "Like father, like son." 鎺掑嚭

銆€銆€銆愮炕璀€戜笅闈㈤偅涓€鍙ヨ瑾炰簬鏂囩珷鎵€鍌抽仦鐨勪俊鎭渶鎺ヨ繎锛�

銆€?銆傝窐锛界簿瑾犳墍鑷筹紝閲戠煶鐐洪枊銆�

銆€?銆傝窓锛界ó鐡滃緱鐡�

銆€?銆傝窚锛界啛鑳界敓宸�

銆€?銆傝窢锛芥湁鍏剁埗蹇呮湁鍏�

    鏇村淇℃伅璜嬭í鍟忥細鏂版氮鑰冪爺闋婚亾 鑰冪爺璜栧 鑰冪爺鍗氬鍦�

銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾槑锛氱敱浜庡悇鏂归潰鎯呮硜鐨勪笉鏂疯(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€冿紝鏁珛鑰冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�銆�

銆€銆€绗笁銆佹敞鎰忔榛炵铏熺殑浣跨敤锛氭榛炵铏熺殑鏈夋晥浣跨敤鍦ㄩ柋璁€鍜屼綔椤岀殑閬庣▼涓渻璧蜂竴瀹氱殑浣滅敤銆�

銆€銆€鍐掕櫉锛氬彞瀛愮壒榛炲墠闈㈣┍杓冨皯锛屽悗闈㈣┍杓冨锛岃捣瑙ｉ噵瑾槑鐨勪綔鐢�銆備緥濡傦細If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.

銆€銆€鍠牬鎶樿櫉锛氬彞瀛愮壒榛炲墠闈㈣┍杓冨锛屽悗闈㈣┍杓冨皯锛岃捣楂樺害姒傛嫭鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€備緥濡傦細A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide鈥攖he division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor.

銆€銆€闆欑牬鎶樿櫉锛氱浉鐣朵簬鍏╁€嬮€楄櫉锛岃捣鎻掑叆瑾炰綔鐢�銆備緥濡傦細And that is why America鈥檚 Second Wave infrastructure鈥攊ncluding roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on鈥攚ere built with foreign investment.

銆€銆€寮曡櫉锛氳捣寮疯(di脿o)鎴栬€呭弽瑾炰綔鐢ㄣ€備緥濡傦細In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information.

銆€銆€灏忔嫭铏燂細璧疯В閲嬭鏄庝綔鐢�銆備緥濡傦細most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates(patterns) into which they plug each day鈥檚 events.

銆€銆€绗洓銆侀€氶亷鍒嗘瀽瀹岀湡椤岋紝鑰冪敓閭勯渶瑕佺敤涓€鍙僵鑹茬瓎灏嶅師鏂囪€冮粸鍑哄仛鏈夋晥鐨勬瑷�銆備緥濡�锛岀23椤岀洰瀹氫綅鍦ㄦ枃绔犵鍥涙鐨勪簩銆佷笁鍙ヨ┍锛涚24椤屽畾浣嶅湪鏂囩珷鏈€鍚庝竴娈电殑鏈€鍚庝竴鍙ヨ┍銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)鏈夋晥鐨勫畾浣嶇敤褰╄壊绛嗕綔鍑烘湁鏁堟瑷�锛岀劧鍚庡皪鐩镐技椤屽瀷閫茶鏈夋晥鍒嗘瀽锛岄€氶亷姝搁绺界祼(ji茅)闁辫畝瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪拰鎶€宸�銆傛垜鍊戝氨鏈冪櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍑洪浜烘€濊矾澶у閲囧彇鐨勬槸鍚屼竴鏇挎彌鐨勫師鍓�銆備緥濡傦細绗�24椤岋細or, put another way, expert performers鈥攚hether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming鈥攁re nearly always mad, not born灏嶆噳(y墨ng)绛旀high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.

銆€銆€绗簲銆佸仛濂芥湁鏁堢殑鏈楄畝鍜岀⿳绱浣滅敤瑭炲伐浣�銆傞柋璁€鐞嗚В涓嶅厜鏄敤渚嗗仛鐨�锛岄倓闇€瑕佷締璁€锛岄€氶亷澶氳畝鏂囩珷鍙互鍔犲挤灏嶆枃绔犵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪簡瑙ｅ拰鍙ュ瓙鐨勬湁鏁堟妸鎻°€傚彟澶�锛岄柋璁€鐞嗚В涓湁寰堝濂藉湴鐢ㄨ鍙互鐢ㄥ湪瀵綔閬庣▼涓�锛岄€欏皪浜庣浉瑕佸濂戒綔鏂囩殑鍚屽鍙互鎻愪緵鍊熼憭鎰忕京銆傛渶鍚庯紝琛峰績绁濇効姣忎竴浣嶈€冪敓閮借兘澶犲あ鎯虫垚鐪�锛�

    鏇村淇℃伅璜嬭í鍟忥細鏂版氮鑰冪爺闋婚亾 鑰冪爺璜栧 鑰冪爺鍗氬鍦�

銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾槑锛氱敱浜庡悇鏂归潰鎯呮硜鐨勪笉鏂疯(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€�锛屾暚璜嬭€冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�銆�