銆€銆€鑻辫獮鍜屾饥瑾炰腑鐨勫畾瑾炴湁寰堝ぇ鐨勪笉鍚屻€傛饥瑾炰腑瀹氳獮鍙兘鍓嶇疆锛岃€岃嫳瑾炰腑瀹氳獮鏃㈠彲鍓嶇疆涔熷彲鍚庣疆銆傚叐鑰呯殑涓嶅悓锛屼笉鍍呰〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓�锛屼篃琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ剰缇╀笂銆傝嫳瑾炰腑鐨勫畾瑾炲緸鍙ユ湁鏅�(sh铆)寰炲師鍥犮€佺祼(ji茅)鏋�銆佺洰鐨勬垨姊濅欢绛夋柟闈㈠皪(du矛)涓績瑭炲姞浠ラ檺瀹�銆傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄥ皪(du矛)瑾炴硶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佷笂涓嬫枃閭忚集闂�(gu膩n)绯绘繁鍒荤悊瑙ｇ殑鍓嶆彁涓嬶紝鐐轰簡鏇存槑纰哄湴琛ㄦ槑閫欑ó閭忚集闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽彲浠ュ皣瀹氳獮寰炲彞缈昏鎴愮浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭媭瑾炲緸鍙ャ€傚悓鏅�(sh铆)鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸锛屽畾瑾炲緸鍙ヨ垏涓績瑭炰箣闁撳父鏈夊垎鍓叉垚鍒嗭紝鑰岃┎鍒嗗壊鎴愬垎涓垏瀹氳獮寰炲彞绶婃尐钁楃殑鍚嶈锛屽父甯告渻(hu矛)琚瑾�(r猫n)鐐哄畾瑾炲緸鍙ョ殑涓績瑭炪€�

銆€銆€鍥犳锛岄亣鍒伴€欑ó绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼竴瀹氳鏍规摎(j霉)涓婁笅鏂囧拰甯歌瓨(sh铆)閫�(j矛n)琛屽垽鏂�銆傜炕璀畾瑾炲緸鍙ユ檪(sh铆)鍙噰鐢ㄦ彁鍓嶈銆侀爢搴忚銆佸垎璀垨杞�(zhu菐n)璀瓑澶氱ó鏂规硶銆�

銆€銆€1. As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science shows many instances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation; in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down, as happened in cosmology, for example.

銆€銆€绗竴灞わ細As far as the third factor is concerned锛岀媭瑾炲緸鍙he history涓籵f science瀹歴hows璎俶any瀹歩nstances璩搃n which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly power瀹氳獮寰炲彞ful resistance to further investigation锛沬n some cases鐙€centuries涓籩lapsed璎俠efore this resistance was eventually broken down锛宎s鐙€瑾炲緸鍙appened in cosmology锛宖or example.

銆€銆€绗簩灞わ細锛堢媭瑾炲緸鍙ワ級As far as寮晅he third factor涓昏獮is绯籧oncerned琛ㄨ獮銆�

銆€?銆偳樸剷Z寰炲彞锛塱n which 寮晅he force涓籵f authority瀹歨as operated璎俰n such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful re鐙€sistance to further investigation.

銆€銆€锛堢媭瑾炲緸鍙ワ級before寮晅his resistance涓粀as绯籩ventually鐙€broken down锛岃〃as happened in cosmology锛宖or example 瀹氳獮寰炲彞銆�

銆€銆€绗笁灞わ細锛堝畾瑾炲緸鍙ワ級as寮昲appened璎俰n cosmology鐙€for example鎻掑叆瑾�銆�

銆€銆€瑕侀粸(di菐n)锛氭湰鍙ョ敱鍏╁€�(g猫)鍒嗗彞妲�(g貌u)鎴�锛屼互鍒嗚櫉(h脿o)閫ｆ帴銆傜涓€鍊�(g猫)鍒嗗彞鐨勪富骞茬偤the history of science shows many instances锛宨n which寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫畾瑾炲緸鍙ヤ慨椋緄nstances锛宻uch 鈥︹€s 鈥︹€﹁〃绲�(ji茅)鏋�锛屽悗鎺ヤ笉瀹氬紡锛涘湪绗簩鍊�(g猫)鍒嗗彞涓�锛宐efore 寮曞嚭鏅�(sh铆)闁撶媭瑾炲緸鍙ワ細before this resistance was eventually broken down锛涗唬瑭瀉s鍦ㄦ鏄棞(gu膩n)绯讳唬瑭�锛屽紩鍑哄畾瑾炲緸鍙ワ細as happened in cosmology.resistance锛氭姷鎶楋紙鍔涳級锛涢樆鍔�銆俢osmology锛氬畤瀹欒珫锛屽畤瀹欏摬瀛�(xu茅)銆�