鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗堬紝閮ㄥ垎瀛�(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
銆€銆€鍦ㄧ穵寮电殑鑰冪爺鑻辫獮寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓�锛岀炕璀埌搴曡┎鎬庝箞寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)锛熷ソ澶氳€冪敓閮藉皪閫欏€嬪晱椤屾劅鍒板洶鎯戙€�
銆€銆€鍦ㄥ(sh铆)闅涘京(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓�锛岄潰灏嶈€冪爺缈昏锛屽瓨鍦ㄥ叐绋定鍕細涓€绋氨鏄洸鐩殑绶寸繏(x铆)锛岄倓鏈変竴绋氨鏄湪鑰冭│涓斁妫勩€�
銆€銆€绛嗚€呭骞村緸浜嬬炕璀暀瀛�(xu茅)锛屽挨鍏舵槸鑰冪爺缈昏鏁欏(xu茅)锛屾帴瑙稿埌鍚勭ó涓嶅悓鐨勮珫瑾�(di脿o)锛屼篃鎺ヨЦ鍒板悇绋笉鍚岀殑瀛�(xu茅)鐢熴€傛绱嶈捣渚�锛屼竴鑸渶瑕佽獚(r猫n)璀樺埌浠ヤ笅鍏╃ó鑰冪爺缈昏寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓璜栫殑鏈唱(zh矛)锛屽皪鑷繁鐨勫京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鎬濊矾鍔犱互鍙婃檪(sh铆)鏇存锛涢€欐ǎ浠ヤ締锛屽嫝蹇呭湪寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓帉鎻″埌姝g⒑鐨勬柟娉�锛岄€�(j矛n)鑰屽湪鑰冭│涓嵅寰楁垚鍔熺殑楂樺垎銆�
銆€銆€璎珫涓€锛氬京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鑰冪爺缈昏瑕佸鍋氭ā鎿
銆€銆€瑾亾寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鑰冭│锛屾瘡涓€鍊嬭€冪敓棣笂灏辨兂鍒伴渶瑕佸仛缈昏妯℃摤椤�锛屼簬鏄埌铏曟墦鑱斤紝鍒拌檿鎼滈泦锛岄櫡鍏ヤ簡涓€绋洸鐩殑璩囨枡鍫嗙⿳澶ф埌(zh脿n)涓�銆傛畩涓嶇煡锛屾壘鍒颁簡寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)璩囨枡澶锛屼笉鐭ラ亾鐒″緸涓嬫墜锛屽叾鏈€绲傜祼(ji茅)鏋滄槸锛氬共鑴嗕粈涔堥兘娌掓湁鍋�銆�
銆€銆€鍏跺(sh铆)锛屽京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鑰冪爺缈昏锛屼粈涔堟ā鎿閮戒笉闇€瑕佸仛锛氬彧闇€瑕佺墷鐗㈢殑鎺屾彙鑰冪爺缈昏姝峰勾鐪熼灏卞彲浠ヤ簡銆�
銆€銆€鐐轰粈涔�锛�
銆€銆€棣栧厛锛屾ā鎿鍑洪浜虹殑姘村钩鍙冨樊涓嶉綂锛屾墍閬告搰鐨勯鏉愬拰楂旇閮戒笉涓€瀹氶仼鍚堣€冪爺缈昏锛岃垏鐪熼鐨勭敱杓冨ぇ宸暟銆傞€欏€嬪師鍥�锛屽苟涓嶈冻浠ヨ鏄庣湡椤岀殑閲嶈鎬�銆�
銆€銆€鍏舵锛岀湡椤岀殑閲嶈鎬у湪浜庨€欎簺椤岀洰鏄湡姝g殑鑻辫獮灏堝缍�(j墨ng)閬庝粩绱�(x矛)鐨勭閬�锛屾寜鐓ц€冪爺鑻辫獮鐨�澶х侗涓€涓€鏍稿皪锛屽苟缍�(j墨ng)閬庡椤屼汉鐨勫堡灞ゅ鏌�锛屾渶绲傚舰鎴愪簡鑰冭│瑭﹀嵎銆�
銆€銆€浜庢槸鏈変汉鍟�锛岄€欎簺椤岀洰閭勬渻鍐嶈€冨棊锛熺瓟鏇帮細鑲畾涓嶆渻锛�
銆€銆€閭e仛閫欎簺鐪熼鏈変粈涔堢敤锛熺瓟鏇帮細鑰冪爺缈昏寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鐨勭瀵嗗氨鍦ㄦ銆�
銆€銆€鑷緸鎴戝湅鍦ㄤ笂鍊嬩笘绱€(j矛)瀵�(sh铆)琛岀爺绌剁敓鎷涚敓鍒跺害浠ヤ締锛岃嫳瑾炲叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鐨勬墍鏈夎│椤屼腑锛岀炕璀€欑ó椤屽瀷寰炰締閮芥湁銆傜爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│鍩�(zh铆)琛岀殑澶х磩30骞翠締锛岃€冪爺缈昏鐨勯鍨嬪熀鏈浐瀹氾紝閬搁鑼冨湇鍩烘湰纰哄畾锛屾墍鏈夊彧瑕佸仛濂戒簡閫欎簺鐪熼锛岀劇璜栨槸鍠閭勬槸闀烽洠鍙ョ殑鍙ュ瀷锛岄兘鍦ㄦ骞寸湡椤屼腑鐒℃暩(sh霉)娆$殑閲嶅京(f霉)鍐嶇従(xi脿n)銆�
銆€銆€闅ㄤ究鍒楄垑涓€渚嬶細
銆€銆€渚�1 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed 鈥揳nd perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(鑰冪爺缈昏05骞�46椤�)
銆€銆€鎴戝彲浠ヨ偗瀹氱殑鍛婅ù澶у锛屽湪閫欏€嬪彞瀛愪腑鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勫柈瑭�锛屽ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)閮藉湪浠ュ墠鐨勭湡椤屼腑鑰冮亷锛岀劇璜栬鍖噺灏忓埌浣曠瓑绋嬪害锛屽摢鎬曡鍖噺灏忓埌骞句箮鐐洪浂銆傚彧瑕佸仛閬庡墠闈㈢殑鐪熼锛岄€欏€嬪彞瀛愮殑鍠鍟忛灏卞彲浠ヨВ姹恒€備笂闈�05骞寸殑46椤�锛岀附鍏辨湁36鍊嬪柈瑭烇紝濡傛灉涓€鍊嬪柈瑭炲熀绀�(ch菙)鐐洪浂鐨勫悓瀛�(xu茅)鍘诲弮鍔犺€冪爺锛屽彧瑕佸仛浜嗗墠闈㈢殑鐪熼锛屾垜鍊戠湅鐪嬶紝浠栬兘瑙f焙濂藉灏戝柈瑭�銆傛垜涓€涓€灏嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾晿杩板涓嬶細
銆€銆€渚�1鐨勫柈瑭炲垎鏋愶細
銆€銆€Television(鍦�01骞�71鍜�72椤岃€冮亷)is(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣�锛屼笉瑭宠堪) one (鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣ワ紝涓嶈┏杩�)of(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣ワ紝涓嶈┏杩�) the (鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣ワ紝涓嶈┏杩�)means(鍦ㄩ€欓噷鏄€滄柟寮忊€濈殑鎰忔€濓紝閫欏€嬫剰鎬濆湪1993骞�73鍜�74椤�锛�2000骞�75椤岃€冮亷锛岃€宮ean浣滅偤鍕曡鐢ㄦ槸鈥滄剰鍛斥€濈殑鎰忔€�锛屼篃鍦�91骞�73椤岃€冮亷) by(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣ワ紝涓嶈┏杩�) which these(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣�锛屼笉瑭宠堪)feelings(2000骞�73椤�锛�02骞�61椤岃€冮亷) are(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣ワ紝涓嶈┏杩�) created (鍩烘湰鎰忔€濇槸鈥滃壍(chu脿ng)閫犫€�锛屽湪99骞寸殑71椤屼腑锛岃€冮亷涓€鍊嬭recreate锛屽悓婧�)and(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣�锛屼笉瑭宠堪) conveyed(娌掓湁鑰冮亷) 鈥揳nd(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣�锛屼笉瑭宠堪) perhaps(91骞村拰93骞磋€冪爺缈昏鏂囩珷涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)閬�) never(92骞村拰97骞磋€冪爺缈昏鏂囩珷涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)閬�) before(01骞�74椤岃€冮亷) has(鍔╁嫊瑭�锛岀劇鎰忕京锛屽嚭鐝�(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣ワ紝涓嶈┏杩�) it(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣ワ紝涓嶈┏杩�)served(娌掓湁鑰冮亷) so(01骞�75椤岃€冮亷) much(93骞�72椤�锛�94骞�71椤岃€冮亷) to(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣�锛屼笉瑭宠堪) connect(鎰忔€濇槸鈥滆伅(li谩n)绯烩€�锛屽湪04骞�61椤屼腑锛岃€冮亷connection锛屽悓婧�) different(97骞�74椤岃€冮亷) peoples(鎰忔€濇槸鈥滄皯鏃忊€�锛屽湪04骞�62椤屼腑鑰冮亷) and (鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣�锛屼笉瑭宠堪)nations(2000骞�74椤岃€冮亷) as(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣�锛屼笉瑭宠堪) in(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣ワ紝涓嶈┏杩�) the(鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣�锛屼笉瑭宠堪) recent(95骞磋€冪爺缈昏鏂囩珷涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)閬�) events(99骞�61椤岃€冮亷) in (鍑虹従(xi脿n)澶锛屽拷鐣�锛屼笉瑭宠堪)Europe(2000骞�74椤�锛�04骞�73椤岃€冮亷)
銆€銆€閫欐ǎ鐪嬩締锛屽嵆浣挎槸涓€鍊嬪柈瑭炲熀绀�(ch菙)鐐洪浂鐨勮€冪敓鍘诲弮鍔犺€冭│锛屽彧瑕佸仛濂戒簡鍓嶉潰鐨勭湡椤�锛屽湪閫欏€嬪彞瀛愪腑锛屼粬涔熷彧鏈夊叐鍊嬪柈瑭炲彲鑳芥槸鐢熻銆傝│鍟忓悇浣嶏細鍙冨姞鑰冪爺鑰冭│鐨勫悓瀛�(xu茅)鍊戯紝浣犲€戠殑鍠鍩虹(ch菙)锛屼笉鍙兘鐐洪浂鍚э紵
銆€銆€鍓涙墠鑸変緥涓�锛屽彧鏄鏄庝簡锛屽鏋滃仛濂戒簡鐪熼锛屽柈瑭炲晱椤屽彲浠ヨВ姹�銆傞偅涔�?锛熷ジL闆e彞鐨勮€冪爺缈昏锛岃В姹轰簡鐪熼锛屽京(f霉)闆滃彞鍨嬬殑缈昏锛岃兘瑙f焙鍡�锛熺瓟鏇帮細瀹屽叏鍙互銆傝│鍐嶈垑骞句緥锛�
銆€銆€渚�2 In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(鑰冪爺缈昏05骞�46椤�)
銆€銆€灏遍€欏€嬪彞瀛愯€岃█锛岀暥(d膩ng)鍒濊€冭│鐨勫彞鍨嬬炕璀洠榛�(di菐n)鍦ㄤ簬鍏剁祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏄細涓诲彞+澶у畾瑾炲緸鍙�+灏忓畾瑾炲緸鍙�銆傞€欐ǎ鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏄€冪爺缈昏鐨勫吀鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岄€欏€嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸�97骞�71椤岀殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瀹屽叏涓€妯�锛岀炕璀柟娉曚篃濡傚嚭涓€杞�銆傜暥(d膩ng)鐒�锛屽鏋滄妸姝峰勾鐨勭湡椤屼腑鑰冮粸(di菐n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎷垮嚭渚嗕粩绱�(x矛)鍒嗘瀽锛屾垜鍊戞渻鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛岃€冪爺缈昏鐨勮€冮粸(di菐n)閲嶅京(f霉)鐨勬鏁�(sh霉)澶浜�銆傞亾鐞嗗緢绨″柈锛屽洜?y脿n)姗涒拕Z鐨勫彞鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏄湁闄愮殑銆傛墍浠�锛岃珛濂藉ソ鐨勫仛鐪熼锛屾帉鎻′簡鐪熼銆�
銆€銆€鏃㈢劧鏄庣櫧浜嗙湡椤屽湪鑰冪爺缈昏寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓殑閲嶈鎬�锛岄偅涔堢湡椤屾噳(y墨ng)瑭蹭互浠€涔堟柟寮忎締鍋氱偤濂藉憿锛屾垜瑾�(r猫n)鐐�锛屽湪鑰冪爺缈昏寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓紝鏈変互涓嬪咕鍊嬬反缈�(x铆)鐨勫堡娆�銆�
銆€銆€鍒濈礆锛氬畬鍏ㄦ帉鎻″ソ97骞村埌07骞�10骞寸殑鐪熼(鍗�10骞寸殑鍔冪窔鍙ュ瓙鐨勭炕璀�)锛涢€欐槸姣忎竴鍊嬪京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鑰冭│鐨勫(xu茅)鐢熷繀闋堣閬�(d谩)鍒扮殑锛涜€冭│鏅�(sh铆)鍊欑殑鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)澶ф鑳介仈(d谩)鍒�10鍒嗘豢鍒嗕腑鐨�6鍒嗗乏鍙�銆�
銆€銆€涓礆锛氬湪瀹屾垚浜嗕笂杩扮反缈�(x铆)鍚�锛屽畬鍏ㄦ帉鎻�90骞村埌07骞�8骞寸殑鐪熼锛涜€冭│鏅�(sh铆)鍊欑殑鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)澶ф鑳介仈(d谩)鍒�8鍒嗗乏鍙�銆�
銆€銆€楂樼礆锛氬湪瀹屾垚浜嗕笂杩板叐绋反缈�(x铆)鍚�锛屽畬鍏ㄦ帉鎻�90骞村埌07骞�18骞翠締鑰冪爺缈昏鐨勬墍鏈夋枃绔犵殑缈昏锛涚湡鑳介仈(d谩)鍒伴€欏€嬬▼搴�锛岃€冪爺缈昏鏄撳鍙嶆帉銆�
銆€銆€濡傛灉鑰冪敓鍦ㄥ京(f霉)缈�(x铆)涓�锛屽鏋滅湡鐨勮兘鎸夌収涓婇潰涓夌ó鎯呮硜涓€涓€寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)锛屽畬鍏ㄦ帉鎻$殑瑭�锛岃€冪爺缈昏鐨勫晱椤�锛屽畾灏囩劇鍫�(ji膩n)涓嶆懅锛岀劇鏀讳笉鍏�銆�
銆€銆€璎珫浜岋細鈥滃仛鈥濈炕璀氨鏄€滅湅鈥濈炕璀�
銆€銆€鏄庣櫧浜嗙湡椤岀殑閲嶈鎬�锛屼篃鐭ラ亾鐢ㄤ粈涔堢湡椤屼締涓€涓€绶寸繏(x铆)锛屾彁楂樿嚜宸辩殑缈昏姘村钩浜�銆備絾鏄�锛屽ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鐨勮€冪敓灏卞緱鍑轰竴鍊嬭榛�(di菐n)锛氳锛屾棦鐒剁湡椤屽姝ら噸瑕�锛屾垜灏辨妸鑰冪爺缈昏鐨勭湡椤屽叏閮ㄨ儗瑾︿簡锛岄€h嫳瑾炲拰婕㈣獮鎴戦兘鑳岃浜�锛屼笉灏变竷鍏崄鍊嬪彞瀛愬棊锛�
銆€銆€灏嶉€欏€嬪晱椤�锛屾垜鐨勫洖绛旀槸锛氶尟锛屽畬鍏ㄩ尟锛佺炕璀反缈�(x铆)鏄€滃仛鈥濆嚭渚嗙殑锛屼笉鏄€滅湅鈥濓紝涔熶笉鏄€滆儗鈥濆嚭渚嗙殑銆傚鏋滆锛屼笂闈㈠湪璜囧埌鐪熼閲嶈鎬х殑鏅�(sh铆)鍊�锛屾垜瑾€滃仛鐪熼锛屾槸寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鑰冪爺缈昏鐨勪竴鍊嬬瀵嗏€�銆傚叾瀵�(sh铆)锛岄偅涓嶇畻鏄粈涔堢瀵�锛屽彧鏄竴鍊嬪皬浼庡€嗚€屽凡銆傚京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鑰冪爺缈昏鏈€澶х殑濂у鍦ㄤ簬锛氣€滃仛鈥濈炕璀�锛屽嫊鎵�锛屽婕㈠瓧銆�
銆€銆€鍥�?y脿n)闁扳挀娑屼匠锜诡厫g鐨勮€冪敓锛屽咕涔�99%鐨勫悓瀛�(xu茅)閮芥槸闈炶嫳瑾炲皥妤�(y猫)鐨�锛屽钩鏅�(sh铆)娌掓湁鎺ユ敹鍒扮郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭炕璀〒(x霉n)绶�锛屼篃娌掓湁鐪熸鍕曟墜鍋氶亷缈昏绶寸繏(x铆)銆傛洿鍙€曠殑鏄紝涓€鍊嬪咕涔庢矑鏈夊仛閬庣炕璀反缈�(x铆)鐨勪汉锛屼竴涓婁締闈㈠皪鐨勮€冪爺缈昏鍓囧畬鍏ㄦ槸闀峰彞銆侀洠鍙ュ拰寰�(f霉)闆滃彞鐨勭炕璀€�
銆€銆€闀锋湡浠ヤ締锛屽京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鑰冪爺鐨勫(xu茅)鐢燂紝濡傛灉瑾湁浜哄湪寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)缈昏閫欏€嬮儴鍒嗙殑瑭�锛屽京(f霉)缈�(x铆)鏂规硶涓€鑸槸閫欐ǎ锛氬乏閭婃槸鑻辫獮鍙ュ瓙锛屽彸閭婃槸婕㈣獮璀枃锛岃嚜宸卞皪钁楁饥瑾炶鏂囩湅鑻辫獮鍙ュ瓙锛岃寰楄嚜宸辩湅鎳備簡锛岃寰楄嚜宸辫嫳瑾炲彞瀛愪腑锛屾瘡涓€鍊嬪柈瑭為兘鐭ラ亾鎰忔€濅簡锛岀敋鑷宠兘鎶婅嫳瑾炲拰婕㈣獮鍙ュ瓙瀹屽叏鑳岃涓嬩締锛岀劧鍚庯紝浠ョ偤鑷繁鑳界炕璀簡銆傚叾瀵�(sh铆)锛岄潪涔熴€傜瓑鍒拌€冭│鐨勬檪(sh铆)鍊�锛屼笉寰椾笉鍕曟墜瀵饥瀛�锛岀湡姝e仛缈昏鐨勬檪(sh铆)鍊�锛屾墠鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛氬彞瀛愪腑鍊嬪€嬪柈瑭為兘瑾�(r猫n)璀�锛岃嫳瑾炲彞瀛愮殑鎰忔€濅技涔庝篃鏄庣櫧锛屽彲灏辨槸涓嶈兘鎶婅嫳瑾炲彞瀛愯綁(zhu菐n)鎻涙垚婕㈣獮鈥斺€斿彧鍙剰鏈冿紝涓嶅彲瑷€鍌�銆�
銆€銆€鏁咃紝鐪熸鐨勭炕璀反缈�(x铆)锛岄渶瑕佸仛锛岄渶瑕佽嚜宸卞嫊鎵嬶紝闇€瑕佷笉鐪嬩换浣曡嫳瑾炲弮鑰冩浉锛岄渶瑕佷笉鐪嬪埌浠讳綍婕㈠瓧鎻愮ず鐨勫墠鎻愪笅锛屽嫊鎵嬶紝鎶婅嫳瑾炲鎴愭饥瑾�銆�
銆€銆€鍦ㄥ墰鎵嶄緥1鐨勫彞瀛愬拰鎴戝悗闈㈠皪渚�1鍙ュ瓙鐨勫垎鏋愪腑锛屾垜鍊戞帓闄や簡鍠鍟忛鐨勯殰绀欎簡锛屼絾鏄�锛岄€氶亷涓嬮潰鐨勫垎鏋愶紝澶у鏈冪櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽鏋滀笉鍕曟墜瀵饥瀛�锛屾垨瑷辨垜鍊戦倓璜囦笉涓婄炕璀反缈�(x铆)銆傝珛鐪嬶細
銆€銆€渚�1 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed 鈥揳nd perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(鑰冪爺缈昏05骞�46椤�)
銆€銆€渚�1鐨勮┏绱�(x矛)鍒嗘瀽锛�
銆€銆€棣栧厛锛孴elevision is one of the means鏄涓€鍊嬪苟鍒楀彞鐨勪富骞查儴鍒�锛屽彲浠ョ洿鎺ョ炕璀偤鈥滈浕瑕栨槸涓€绋柟寮忊€濓紝鎴栬€呴倓鍙互缈昏鐐猴細闆昏鏄墜娈典箣涓€銆傞€欏€嬮儴鍒嗛倓绠楃啊鍠�銆�
銆€銆€鍏舵锛宐y which these feelings are created and conveyed鏄痺hich寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫畾瑾炲緸鍙ワ紝鍏跺厛琛岃鏄痶he means(鎵嬫)銆傚叾涓紝feelings鏄€滄劅鎯�锛屾儏鎰燂紝鎰熻锛屾劅鍙椻€濈瓑鎰忔€�銆備絾鏄�锛屽鏋滃垎鏋愪笂鏂囷細鈥淚t is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused and one鈥檚 impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.(鍦ㄦ瓙娲茬殑閫欐鐗规畩鐨勬鍙叉檪(sh铆)鏈熼噷锛屽ぇ鐪惧獟楂旂殑浣滅敤寰堥洠璜囨竻妤�銆傛鍙茶垏鏂拌仦娣锋穯鍦ㄤ竴璧�锛屼汉鐨勫嵃璞¤定浜庝竴绋棦鎳风枒鍙堟▊瑙€鐨勬劅鍙�)鈥濄€傞€欐ǎ锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)瑭炵京閬告搰鐨勭炕璀妧宸�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ユ妸feelings缈昏鐐衡€滄劅鍙椻€濇槸鏈€鐐烘伆鐣�(d膩ng)?sh霉)鎽癸绩缂�?锛宑reated鍙互鐩存帴缈昏鐐衡€滃壍(chu脿ng)閫犫€濓紝浣嗘槸锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)涓婃枃feelings(鎰熷彈)锛屽鏋滄垜鍊戠炕璀偤鈥滄劅鍙楄鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犫€�锛屾垨鑰呪€滃壍(chu脿ng)閫犳劅鍙椻€濋兘涓嶆槸閫氶爢鐨勬饥瑾炴惌閰嶏紝鎵€浠ュ彲浠ユ牴鎿�(j霉)涓婁笅鏂�锛岀祼(ji茅)鍚堟饥瑾炵繏(x铆)鎱f惌閰�锛屽彲浠ユ妸created缈昏鐐衡€滃紩鐧�(f膩)锛屾縺鐧�(f膩)鈥濈瓑銆傞€欐ǎ锛岄€欏€嬮儴鍒嗘垜鍊戝彲浠ョ洿鎺ョ炕璀偤鈥滈€欎簺鎰熷彈琚紩鐧�(f膩)鍜屽偝閬炩€�銆備絾鏄�锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)琚嫊绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勭炕璀柟娉�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ラ噰鐢ㄢ€滀富璩撻鍊掆€濈殑鏂瑰紡渚嗚檿鐞�銆傛墍浠�锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ユ妸閫欏€嬮儴鍒嗙炕璀偤鈥滃紩鐧�(f膩)鍜屽偝閬為€欎簺鎰熷彈鈥濄€�
銆€銆€绲�(ji茅)鍚堝墰鎵嶇涓€閮ㄥ垎锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)瀹氳獮寰炲彞鐨勭祫鍚堟柟娉�锛屽彲浠ラ噰鐢ㄦ妸瀹氳獮寰炲彞缈昏鍦ㄥ厛琛岃鍓嶉潰鐨勫墠缃硶渚嗙炕璀偤锛氶浕瑕栨槸寮曠櫦(f膩)鍜屽偝閬為€欎簺鎰熷彈鐨勬墜娈典箣涓€銆�
銆€銆€瑭﹀晱锛氬鏋滀笉鑷繁鍕曟墜鍋氱炕璀�锛岃兘鏄庣櫧鈥滃壍(chu脿ng)閫犫€濊缈昏鎴愨€滃紩鐧�(f膩)锛屾縺鐧�(f膩)鈥濈瓑鎰忕京鍡�锛熷鏋滀笉鑷繁鍕曟墜鍋氱炕璀�锛岃兘鐪熸鏄庣櫧锛岀偤浠€涔堝悗闈㈢殑琚嫊绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑕侀鍊掑棊锛熷鏋滀笉鑷繁鍕曟墜鍋氱炕璀�锛岃兘鐪熸鏄庣櫧锛岀偤浠€涔堝畾瑾炲緸鍙ヨ寰€鍓嶇炕璀棊锛熼€欓倓涓嶇畻浠€涔�锛岃珛鎺ヨ憲鐪�銆�
銆€銆€鐮存姌铏熷悗闈㈢殑绗簩鍊嬪苟鍒楀彞锛岄倓绠楁瘮杓冭紩鏉撅紝鍠閮借獚(r猫n)璀�锛屾垜鍩烘湰鎸夌収鑻辫獮鐨勯爢搴忥紝涓€涓€鎺掑垪濡備笅锛�
銆€銆€1) 涔熻ū浠ュ墠寰炰締娌掓湁
銆€銆€2) 闆昏鍏跺姝ゅぇ鐨勪綔鐢�
銆€銆€3) 鑱�(li谩n)绯讳笉鍚岀殑姘戞棌鍜屽湅瀹�
銆€銆€4) 璞″湪鏈€杩戞瓙娲蹭簨浠朵腑
銆€銆€鎴戝€戞毇鏅�(sh铆)蹇樿鑻辫獮锛岃珛浣犳妸涓婇潰1)銆�2)銆�3)銆�4)閫欏洓鍊嬮儴鍒嗛€f帴鎴愬悎閬╃殑婕㈣獮锛岀湅鐪嬭嚜宸辫兘琛屽棊锛�
銆€銆€浣犳渻鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛岄€欏洓鑰呯殑闋嗗簭锛屾€庝箞瑾兘瑾笉娓呮锛屼技涔庤嚜宸辩殑婕㈣獮涔熷緢宸晩銆�
銆€銆€浣嗘槸锛屽鏋滅郸浣犵瓟妗�锛屼竴鐪嬫饥瑾炶鏂�锛屼綘鏈冩亶鐒跺ぇ鎮燂紝鍝�锛屽師渚嗘槸閫欐ǎ鐨勫晩銆�
銆€銆€璜镐綅锛屾槑鐧界炕璀殑鐪熸濂у浜嗗棊锛�
銆€銆€閭e氨锛岃珛鍕曟墜鍚э紒
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠h〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�