銆€銆€08鑰冪爺鑻辫獮鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)姣忓懆绛旂枒

銆€銆€涓€銆佺瓟鐤戜箣鈥滀竷閬镐簲鈥濆垎鏋愶細

銆€銆€Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now.

銆€銆€1).Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.

銆€銆€2).Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.

銆€銆€3).There were also crablike creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.

銆€銆€4). Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.

銆€銆€5).About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.

銆€銆€[A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.

銆€銆€[B]Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.

銆€銆€[C]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.

銆€銆€[D]The best index fossils tend to be marine creature. There animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world.

銆€銆€[E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star- fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.

銆€銆€[F]When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.

銆€銆€[G]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.

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銆€銆€1銆佽€冩煡鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛氭钀戒富椤岋紜鍙ュ瓙涔嬮枔鐨勯倧杓伅(li谩n)绯�

銆€銆€鍏堢湅绌虹櫧铏曠殑浣嶇疆(鍙ヤ腑)锛屽啀鐪嬩竴涓嬬┖鐧借檿鐨勪笂涓嬫枃銆備笂鏂囪瑳鐨勬槸瑷卞鐢熺墿閮藉凡缍�(j墨ng)婊呯禃锛屾矑鏈夊悗浠ｇ敓娲诲湪閫欏€�(g猫)涓栫晫涓娿€備笅鏂囪瑳鐨勬槸鍖栫煶浣挎垜鍊戜簡瑙ｄ簡閫欎簺鐢熺墿鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)銆傚彲浠ユ帹鏂�锛岀┖鐧借檿鏄竴鍊�(g猫)閵滄帴鐨勫彞瀛�锛屾噳(y墨ng)瑭叉槸寰炵敓鐗╁埌鍖栫煶浠嬬垂鐨勯亷娓�锛屽啀鐪嬮伕闋�(xi脿ng)涓�锛岋蓟A锛斤蓟B锛斤蓟E锛介兘鎻愬埌浜嗛€欏叐鏂归潰鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸紝浣嗭蓟A锛斤蓟E锛借珖鐨勬槸鍏烽珨鐨勪竴浜涚敓鐗�锛屼笉鏄€欐娉涙硾鑰岃珖鐨勬墍鏈夌敓鐗�锛屽洜姝や笉濂戝悎銆傦蓟B锛芥槸姝ｇ⒑绛旀

銆€銆€2.鑰冩煡鐨勭煡璀�(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛氫笅鏂囩殑鏂颁俊鎭�

銆€銆€鏈鑰冩煡灏嬫壘鐗瑰緛瑭炵殑鑳藉姏銆傚湪瑭查涓紝鏍规摎(j霉)灏辫繎鍘熷墖鍦ㄨ┎椤屽悗鐨勫彞瀛愪腑鎵惧埌鈥渢he fossils鈥濆拰鈥渨ater action鈥濈偤鐗瑰緛瑭�銆傗€渢he fossils鈥濊鏄庘€渇ossils鈥濅竴瑭炴槸鑷冲皯鏄浜屾鍑虹従(xi脿n)锛屽洜?y脿n)妯楊彃鎳婂⿻鎭跨眉璋爚the锛岄€氶亷浠旂窗(x矛)瑙€瀵熷苟涓嶉洠鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛� 2浠ュ強鍏跺墠闈㈢殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛腑閮芥矑鏈塮ossils锛岄€欏氨纰哄畾fossils涓€瑭炲繀瀹氬嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鍦�1锛� 2涓€傛牴鎿�(j霉)鎰忕兢鐩镐竴鑷村師鍓�锛屽湪2涓繀瀹氳鑸団€渨ater action鈥濆悓鐝�(xi脿n)鎴栧京(f霉)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勮獮瑷€榛�(di菐n)銆傜稖涓婃墍杩�锛屾湁鍚屾檪(sh铆)婊胯冻浠ヤ笂鍏╁€�(g猫)姊濅欢鐨勯伕闋�(xi脿ng)鎵嶆槸姝ｇ⒑绛旀銆傞洊鐒禰G]闋�(xi脿ng)涓€闁嬪灏辨湁鈥渉ow fossils are preserved鈥�, 浣嗘槸[G]闋�(xi脿ng)璎涚殑鏄嫊(d貌ng)鐗╅伜楂斾笂鐨勬湁姗�(j墨)绲勭箶杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栧舰寮忥紝娌掓湁鎻愬強姘寸殑娲诲嫊(d貌ng)銆傞伕闋�(xi脿ng)锛籉锛戒腑灏卞娆℃彁鍒版按鍦ㄥ寲鐭冲舰鎴愰亷绋嬩腑鐨勯噸瑕佷綔鐢�锛岃垏涓婁笅鏂囩浉绗﹀悎

銆€銆€3.鑰冩煡鐨勭煡璀�(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛氫笂涓嬫枃閵滄帴锛嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓婄殑鍛兼噳(y墨ng)

銆€銆€鏈閬告搰鐨勭壒寰佽鏄€渁lso鈥�銆傗€渁lso鈥濊〃骞跺垪闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛岄€欏氨璀夋槑鍦�3鍓嶉潰鐨勫彞瀛愪腑鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鑸嘺lso鍚庣殑crab like creatures鐩稿苟鍒�锛屽嵆绌虹櫧铏曢’鐒舵湁闂�(gu膩n)浜庡彟涓€鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╃殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛涘緸鏈闁嬪锛屾枃绔犺綁(zhu菐n)鍚戣◣璜栫敱浣庣礆(j铆)楂樼礆(j铆)璁婂寲(閫�(j矛n)鍖�)涓殑鍕�(d貌ng)鐗�銆俒E]闋�(xi脿ng)闁嬪鐨勯儴鍒嗘槸鈥淭he earliest animals whose remains have been found.鈥�,绗﹀悎鏂囩珷瀵綔鐨勯爢搴忋€傛枃涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜唗hese are the sea-lilies鑸囦笅鏂囩殑there were also 鈥︹€︾浉鍛兼噳(y墨ng)銆俒B]闋�(xi脿ng)鑸囦笂鏂囩浉绗︼紝浣嗚垏涓嬫枃涓嶇锛屼笖鑸囧叏鏂囩祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓嶇浉鍚诲悎銆�

銆€銆€4. 鑰冩煡鐨勭煡璀�(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛氫笂涓嬫枃閵滄帴锛嬫钀戒富椤�

銆€銆€鏈閬告搰鐨勭壒寰佽鏄痶hese浠ュ強鑸囧叾鍏锋湁鍚屾寚闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑ammonites 鍜孴hey 銆傞€氶亷闁辫畝4浠ュ悗鐨勫叐鍊�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙涓嶉洠鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛宼hese锛宎mmonites 锛孴hey鏄寚鍚屼竴浜嬬墿锛屾剰鍗虫湁鈥渟hell鈥濈殑浜嬬墿銆傚悓鏅�(sh铆)4鍚庝竴闁嬪灏辨湁鈥淥f these,...鈥�,涔熷氨鏄锛岀┖鐧介儴鍒嗘噳(y墨ng)瑭叉湁鈥渟ome, several, many鈥濇垨椤炰技鐨勮锛岀瓟妗堝彧鑳芥槸[A]銆傜敱浜庢枃涓湁浜嗏€淭he first animals鈥�,鐐洪伩鍏嶅彞寮忎笂鐨勯噸寰�(f霉)锛屼綔鑰呮敼璁婂彞瀛愯捣濮嬬殑妯″紡銆傞€欑ó鍋氭硶寰堝瑕�锛屽洜鑰屼篃鏄€冪敓闁辫畝鍜屽浣滀腑鎳�(y墨ng)瑭叉敞鎰忕殑銆�

銆€銆€5.鑰冩煡鐨勭煡璀�(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛氫笂涓嬫枃閵滄帴

銆€銆€瑭查鐩槸涓€閬撶啊鍠│椤�锛屼竴鏂归潰閫欐槸涓€閬撴钀介锛岄€欏氨姹哄畾浜嗘湁鍙兘閬告渶闀风殑閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鐐虹瓟妗堬紝鍙︿竴鏂归潰鏍规摎(j霉)灏辫繎鍘熷墖鍦ㄤ笅涓€娈甸鍙ヤ腑鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨凙bout 75 million years ago鎴愮偤鎴戝€戣В椤岀殑闂�(gu膩n)閸�銆�

銆€銆€寰炴枃绔犵殑鏁撮珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐪�锛岄€欓噷闇€瑕佷竴鍊�(g猫)鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭殑鈥滈珮娼€濓細鍓嶉潰骞炬锛屽嫊(d貌ng)鐗╅兘鍦ㄤ笉鏂峰湴閫�(j矛n)鍖�锛岃€屼笅鏂囦腑鈥淎bout 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over鈥�,閫欓噷闇€瑕佹湁涓€鍊�(g猫)鈥滀氦浠ｂ€濄€傚彧鏈塠C]闋�(xi脿ng)绗﹀悎閫欎竴姊濅欢锛涘悓鏅�(sh铆)锛屸€渞eptile鈥濆湪鏈绌虹櫧铏曞墠鏂囩珷涓緸娌掓湁鎻愬埌锛屽湪涓嬫枃涓張娌掓湁浣滅偤鏂颁俊鎭�锛屽洜鑰屼綔鐐烘纰虹瓟妗堢殑閬搁爡(xi脿ng)涓竴瀹氭湁閫欏€�(g猫)瑭烇紝鍙湁[C]闋�(xi脿ng)涓湁鈥淭he amphibians gave rise to the reptiles for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea,and in the air鈥�銆傛墍浠ユ纰虹瓟妗堝彧鑳芥槸[C]銆�

銆€銆€绛旀锛� 1.B 2.F 3.E 4.A 5.C

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