鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
銆€銆€鑰冪爺鑻辫獮瀵綔鐮磋В-鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ枃瀵綔(灏忎綔鏂�)- 鎽樿
銆€銆€1.瀵綔鏀荤暐
銆€銆€鎽樿鏄皪(du矛)鍘熷鏂囩嵒(xi脿n)(鎴栨枃绔�)鐨勫熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹归€�(j矛n)琛屾績绺苟瀵垚瑾炵京閫h搏鐨勭煭鏂囥€傚畠浠ヨ繀閫熸帉鎻″師鏂囧収(n猫i)瀹规姒傜偤鐩殑锛屼笉闇€鍔犲叆浠讳綍涓昏瑭�(p铆ng)璜栧拰瑙i噵锛屼絾蹇呴爤绨�(ji菐n)鏄庛€佺⒑鍒囧湴琛ㄨ堪鍘熸枃鐨勯噸瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹�銆傛憳瑕佸浣滆姹傜啊(ji菐n)鏄庢壖瑕侊紝鐢ㄨ婧�(zh菙n)纰�銆傛憳瑕侀鍨嬪浣滄槸闆e害闈炲父澶х殑涓€绋浣滃舰寮�銆傞毃钁楄€冪敓鑻辫獮姘村钩鐨勪笉鏂锋彁楂�锛岄€欑ó椤屽瀷寮曡捣鑰冪敓鐨勬櫘閬嶉噸瑕�銆傚浣滄憳瑕佹檪(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)瑭叉敞鎰忎互涓嬪咕榛�(di菐n)锛�
銆€銆€(1)鍕�(d貌ng)绛嗕箣鍓嶏紝鑰冪敓涓€瀹氳瑾�(r猫n)鐪熶粩绱�(x矛)鍦伴柋璁€鎵€绲﹀師鏂�锛屽姏姹傛姄浣忓叾澶ф剰锛屾帉鎻″師鏂囪榛�(di菐n)銆� 濡傛灉涓€閬嶄笉鑳芥槑鐧�锛屽彲浠ュ璁€骞炬锛岃畝鐨勬鏁�(sh霉)瓒婂瓒婂鏄撴槑鐧芥枃绔犲ぇ鎰�銆�
銆€銆€(2)鎽樿鐨勯暦(zh菐ng)搴︿笉鎳�(y墨ng)瓒呴亷鍘熸枃鐨勪笁鍒嗕箣涓€锛屼竴鑸槸鍘熸枃鐨勫洓鍒嗕箣涓€鎴栦簲鍒嗕箣涓€锛岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)閬靛畧瑕�(gu墨)瀹氱殑瀛�?j菒n)?sh霉)闄愬埗銆�
銆€銆€(3)鍦ㄥ仛鎽樿鏅�(sh铆)鑰冪敓鍒囧繉鐓ф惉鍘熸枃锛屾噳(y墨ng)瑭茬敤鑷繁鐨勮獮瑷€渚嗗銆備竴绡囨憳瑕佹噳(y墨ng)瑭叉槸瑾炶█鐨勫啀鍓�(chu脿ng)閫�锛岃€屼笉鏄師鏂囪瑾炵殑绨�(ji菐n)鍠爢鐮�銆�
銆€銆€(4)鎽樿鎳�(y墨ng)鑸囧師鏂囩殑瑙€榛�(di菐n)淇濇寔涓€鑷达紝鐐轰簡浣挎憳瑕佹鐞嗘竻鏅�锛岀劇鐗规畩鎯呮硜鎳�(y墨ng)鎸夊師鏂囩殑閭忚集闋嗗簭鎺掑垪銆�
銆€銆€(5)鎽樿瑕佸仛鍒板収(n猫i)瀹瑰畬鏁�锛屾矑鏈夊ぇ鐨勯伜婕�锛屼娇璁€鑰呯劇闇€鏌ョ湅鍘熸枃灏辫兘澶犵嵅寰楀師鏂囩殑涓昏鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€傛噳(y墨ng)閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍙嶆槧涓昏瑙€榛�(di菐n)锛屽埅闄ょ窗(x矛)绡€(ji茅)銆�
銆€銆€(6)鍓婇櫎渚嬪瓙锛岀啊(ji菐n)鍖栨弿杩�銆傜敤绨�(ji菐n)鐭殑瑾炲彞浠f浛鍐楅暦(zh菐ng)鐨勮獮鍙�銆�
銆€銆€(7)妾㈡煡鑸囦慨鏀规檪(sh铆)锛岃€冪敓鎳�(y墨ng)閲嶉粸(di菐n)妾㈡煡鏄惁閬烘紡浜嗗師鏂囩殑瑕侀粸(di菐n)鎴栧寘鍚簡绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)銆�
銆€銆€鍙﹀锛屽鎽樿鏅�(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)瑭蹭娇鐢ㄧ啊(ji菐n)鍠殑閵滄帴瑭�锛屽but, then, thus, yet, for绛夌瓑锛岃€屼笉鑳戒娇鐢╝t the same time, on the other hand 绛�銆�
銆€銆€2.蹇呰儗妯$増鍙ュ瀷
銆€銆€This paper mainly deals with...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒璜栨枃涓昏鏄鈥︹€�
銆€銆€This article focuses on the topics of (that, having, etc)...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷鐨勫挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐨勪富椤屾槸鈥︹€�
銆€銆€This essay presents knowledge that...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒鐭枃涓昏鏄瑳闂�(gu膩n)浜庘€︹€︾殑鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)銆�
銆€銆€This thesis discusses/analyzes...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒璜栨枃瑷庤珫/鍒嗘瀽浜嗏€︹€�
銆€銆€This paper provides an overview of...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷缍滆堪浜嗏€︹€�
銆€銆€This article compares...and summarizes key findings.
銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷姣旇純浜嗏€︹€﹀苟绺界祼(ji茅)浜嗕富瑕佺殑鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)銆�
銆€銆€This paper presents up-to-date information on...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒璜栨枃浠嬬垂浜嗛棞(gu膩n)浜庘€︹€︾殑鏈€鏂颁俊鎭�銆�
銆€銆€This article not only describes...but also suggests...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷涓嶅儏鎻忚堪浜嗏€︹€﹁€屼笖寤鸿鈥︹€�
銆€銆€This paper provides a method of ...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒鐐衡€︹€︽彁渚涗簡鏂规硶銆�
銆€銆€This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷浠嬬垂涓€绋垎鏋愨€︹€︾殑鍙绋嬪簭銆�
銆€銆€This paper is devoted to examining the role of...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒璜栨枃鑷村姏浜庣爺绌垛€︹€︾殑浣滅敤銆�
銆€銆€This paper reflects the state of the art in...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒璜栨枃灞曠ず浜嗏€︹€︾洰鍓嶇殑鎯呮硜銆�
銆€銆€This article reviews the techniques used in...
銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷缍滆堪浜嗏€︹€﹂牁(l菒ng)鍩熼噰鐢ㄧ殑鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆�
銆€銆€The writer of this essay tries to explore...
銆€銆€鏈枃浣滆€呰│鍦栨帰瑷庘€︹€�
銆€銆€The aim/purpose/objective of this paper is to determine...
銆€銆€鏈枃鐨勭洰鐨�/鐩(bi膩o)鏄偤浜嗘焙瀹氣€︹€︺€€
銆€銆€3.蹇呰儗缍�(j墨ng)鍏歌寖鏂�
銆€銆€灏囦笅闈㈤€欑瘒绱�500瑭炵殑鍘熸枃鎸夎姹傚鎴愮磩150瑭炵殑鎽樿銆�
銆€銆€鍘熸枃
銆€銆€How New York Became America顒媠 Largest City
銆€銆€In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston.Today it is the largest city in America.How can the change in its size and importance be explained锛�
銆€銆€To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography锛� history锛宎nd economics.Together these three will explain the huge growth of America顒媠 most famous city.
銆€銆€The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily populated areas in this region are around seaports.At these points materials from across the sea enter the United States锛� and the product of the land are sent there for export across the sea.
銆€銆€Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods.That is why seaports often have cities nearby.But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers.Their development did not happen simply by chance.
銆€銆€About 1815锛寃hen many Americans from the east coast had already moved toward the west锛宼rade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time锛宒rawn by horses or oxen锛寃ere too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe顒媠 canals.In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem.From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land.Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After several years of work it was completed in 1825.
銆€銆€The canal produced an immediate effect.Freight costs were cut to about one-tenth of what had been.New York City锛寃hich had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston锛� quickly became the leading city of the coast.In the years that followed锛� transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River.Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that extended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the western branches of the Mississippi.
銆€銆€The coming of the railroads made canal shipping less important锛宐ut it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country.It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.
銆€銆€Exports from New York were greater than imports.Consequently锛宻hipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe.Passengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result.
銆€銆€Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of these people remained in the city.Others stayed in New York for a few weeks锛宮onths锛宱r years锛宎nd then moved to other parts of the United States.For these great number of new Americans New York had to provide homes锛� goods锛� and services.Their labor helped the city be come great.
銆€銆€鎽樿
銆€銆€How New York Became America顒媠 Largest City
銆€銆€New York was once smaller than Philadelphia and Boston锛宐ut now it is America顒媠 largest city because of geography锛宧istory and economics.
銆€銆€New York was located at the seaport where materials were imported to the US and the products of the US were sent abroad across the sea.The city was further developed when the Erie Canal was completed in 1825.This linked Lake Erie to New York via the Hudson River and the cost of transporting goods to those who had settled inland was cut down.In addition锛� the Great Lakes were soon linked to the Mississippi.Later锛宺ailroads tied New York closer to the central states锛寃hose goods were exported via New York.Fewer goods were imported锛宻o cheap passages were available from Europe.New York became the main port for receiving Europeans锛宮any of whom stayed in the city and helped it become great.
銆€銆€绗洓绡€(ji茅)鍫�(b脿o)鍛�
銆€銆€1.瀵綔鏀荤暐
銆€銆€鍫�(b脿o)鍛婃槸涓嬬礆(j铆)閮ㄩ杸灏辨煇浠朵簨鎯呭悜涓婄礆(j铆)閮ㄩ杸鍜岄牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鍥炲牨(b脿o)宸ヤ綔銆佸弽鏄犳儏娉�銆佹彁鍑哄缓璀扮瓑浣跨敤鐨勪笂琛屽叕鏂�銆傚氨鍏跺収(n猫i)瀹瑰(sh铆)璩�(zh矛)渚嗚锛屽彲鍒嗙偤淇℃伅椤炲牨(b脿o)鍛婂拰鍒嗘瀽椤炲牨(b脿o)鍛�銆備俊鎭鍫�(b脿o)鍛婂湪鏃ュ父浜嬪嫏(w霉)涓稉(j墨ng)甯哥櫦(f膩)鐢燂紝鍏剁洰鐨勬槸閫氬牨(b脿o)淇℃伅鍜屾儏娉�锛屼竴鑸姹傛簴(zh菙n)纰恒€佹纰恒€佸畬鏁�銆佺啊(ji菐n)鏄庢壖瑕併€傚垎鏋愰鍫�(b脿o)鍛婂湪瑾炶█鍜屾牸寮忎笂鍓囨洿鍔犳寮�銆佸京(f霉)闆�锛屽叾鐩殑鍦ㄤ簬灏�(du矛)鏌愬晱椤屾垨鎯呮硜閫�(j矛n)琛岃(di脿o)鏌ャ€佺爺绌�銆佸垎鏋�銆佽⿻(p铆ng)浼版垨璜栬瓑鍚庢彁鍑虹祼(ji茅)璜�锛岀瘒骞呬竴鑸純闀�(zh菐ng)銆傚牨(b脿o)鍛婄殑瀵綔涓昏鏈変互涓嬭姹傦細
銆€銆€(1) 瀵ソ涓€浠藉牨(b脿o)鍛�锛屾挵瀵汉棣栧厛瑕佸皪(du矛)鎵€瑕佸鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹规湁鍏呭垎鐨勪簡瑙�銆傚浣滄檪(sh铆)锛屾噳(y墨ng)鐩¢噺澶氱敤琚嫊(d貌ng)瑾炴厠(t脿i)锛屽皯鐢ㄧ涓€浜虹ū锛屼互鍏嶄富瑙€銆佸啋鏄с€�
銆€銆€(2) 涓€鑸嫳鏂囧牨(b脿o)鍛婇兘鍙噰鐢ㄦ浉淇℃牸寮�銆�
銆€銆€(3) 鍫�(b脿o)鍛婅鏈夋槑纰虹殑涓績鎬濇兂銆佹竻妤氱殑娈佃惤灞ゆ鍜屽悎鐞嗙殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瀹夋帓銆�
銆€銆€2.蹇呰儗妯$増鍙ュ瀷
銆€銆€The report is hereby made to ask for the approval of the board for the solution of the problem.
銆€銆€璜�(q菒ng)钁d簨鏈�(hu矛)鎵规簴(zh菙n)閫欎欢浜嬬殑瑙f焙鏂规銆�
銆€銆€This report will summarize...
銆€銆€鏈牨(b脿o)鍛婂皣绺界祼(ji茅)鈥︹€�
銆€銆€The report provides an introduction to...
銆€銆€鏈牨(b脿o)鍛婁粙绱逛簡鈥︹€�
銆€銆€The operation on... is under smooth way.
銆€銆€鈥︹€︾殑閬�(y霉n)琛屽緢姝e父銆�
銆€銆€This report only provides guidelines they can use to assess their own needs.
銆€銆€鏈牨(b脿o)鍛婄洝鐐轰粬鍊�?c猫)u(p铆ng)浼拌嚜韬渶姹傛彁渚涗竴浜涙寚灏�(d菐o)銆�
銆€銆€May I have your approval of...by the end of this month?
銆€銆€鏈堝簳涔嬪墠鎴戣兘寰楀埌鎮ㄥ氨鈥︹€︾殑鎵规簴(zh菙n)鍡�锛�
銆€銆€We will fulfill the task ahead of time.
銆€銆€鎴戝€戝皣鎻愬墠瀹屾垚浠诲嫏(w霉)銆�
銆€銆€Upon the request of the committee, we顒媣e conducted the report.
銆€銆€鎳�(y墨ng)濮斿摗鏈�(hu矛)鐨勮珛(q菒ng)姹傦紝鎴戝€戝畬鎴愪簡閫欎唤鍫�(b脿o)鍛�銆�
銆€銆€3.蹇呰儗缍�(j墨ng)鍏歌寖鏂�
銆€銆€To锛歁r. Johnson
銆€銆€From锛歀i Nan
銆€銆€Subject锛歋hip Accident off West Coast of The Yangtze River锛孨o Casualties.
銆€銆€Date锛欰pril.4锛�2005
銆€銆€Yesterday evening two boats collided in thick fog in The Yangtze River not far from Wu Han. One was a cargo ship carrying lumber锛宎pparently on its way to The Yangtze River. The other was a National ferry on its regular run from Jiu Jiang to Wu Han.
銆€銆€However锛宐ecause of the weather conditions锛宼he captains did not realize the danger until a few seconds before the collision took place. Consequently锛宼here was no time for them to prevent the accident.
銆€銆€Fortunately锛宼here were no casualties among the crews or passengers锛宐ut both ships suffered badly damages.
銆€銆€A spokesman for the port authorities said that a committee would be set up to determine the cause of the collision.
銆€銆€Sincerely yours,
銆€銆€Li Nan
銆€銆€璀枃
銆€銆€鏀朵俊浜猴細绱勭堪閬滃厛鐢�
銆€銆€鐧�(f膩)淇′汉:鏉庢
銆€銆€涓婚:闀�(zh菐ng)姹熻タ宀告挒鑸逛簨鏁�,鐒″偡浜�
銆€銆€鏃ユ湡:2005骞�4鏈�4鏃�
銆€銆€鏄ㄦ櫄鍦ㄨ窛姝︽饥涓嶉仩(yu菐n)铏�锛岄暦(zh菐ng)姹熶笂鐨勫叐鑹樿埞鍦ㄦ績闇т腑鐩告挒銆傚叾涓竴鑹樼偤瑁濋亱(y霉n)鏈ㄦ潗鐨勮波鑸�锛屾鍚戦暦(zh菐ng)姹熼渚嗭紱鍙﹀涓€鑹樻槸鍦�(gu贸)瀹舵浮鑸规寰炰節姹熷埌姝︽饥姝e父鑸銆�
銆€銆€浣嗘槸鐢变簬鎯″姡鐨勫ぉ姘o紝鑸归暦(zh菐ng)鐭ラ亾鎾炴搳鐧�(f膩)鐢熷墠骞剧鎵嶆剰璀�(sh铆)鍒板嵄闅�(xi菐n)銆� 绲�(ji茅)鏋滄牴鏈矑鏈夋檪(sh铆)闁撻伩鍏嶄簨鏁呯殑鐧�(f膩)鐢�銆�
銆€銆€骞搁亱(y霉n)鐨勬槸鑸瑰摗鍜屼箻瀹㈤兘娌掓湁鍌蜂骸,浣嗚埞鐨勬悕瀹崇浉鐣�(d膩ng)鍤�(y谩n)閲嶃€�
銆€銆€鑸归亱(y霉n)閮ㄩ杸鐧�(f膩)瑷€浜鸿鏈�(hu矛)鎴愮珛浜嬫晠瑾�(di脿o)鏌ュ皬绲勫竟搴曡(di脿o)鏌ヤ簨鏁呭師鍥�銆�
銆€銆€浣犺獱(ch茅ng)鎽殑锛氭潕妤�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄わ紝鍙︼細鏈枃鍍呬唬琛ㄤ綔鑰呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�