銆€銆€鑰冪爺鑻辫獮瀵綔鐮磋В-鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ枃瀵綔(灏忎綔鏂�)- 鎽樿

銆€銆€1.瀵綔鏀荤暐

銆€銆€鎽樿鏄皪(du矛)鍘熷鏂囩嵒(xi脿n)(鎴栨枃绔�)鐨勫熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹归€�(j矛n)琛屾績绺苟瀵垚瑾炵京閫ｈ搏鐨勭煭鏂囥€傚畠浠ヨ繀閫熸帉鎻″師鏂囧収(n猫i)瀹规姒傜偤鐩殑锛屼笉闇€鍔犲叆浠讳綍涓昏瑭�(p铆ng)璜栧拰瑙ｉ噵锛屼絾蹇呴爤绨�(ji菐n)鏄庛€佺⒑鍒囧湴琛ㄨ堪鍘熸枃鐨勯噸瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹�銆傛憳瑕佸浣滆姹傜啊(ji菐n)鏄庢壖瑕侊紝鐢ㄨ婧�(zh菙n)纰�銆傛憳瑕侀鍨嬪浣滄槸闆ｅ害闈炲父澶х殑涓€绋浣滃舰寮�銆傞毃钁楄€冪敓鑻辫獮姘村钩鐨勪笉鏂锋彁楂�锛岄€欑ó椤屽瀷寮曡捣鑰冪敓鐨勬櫘閬嶉噸瑕�銆傚浣滄憳瑕佹檪(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)瑭叉敞鎰忎互涓嬪咕榛�(di菐n)锛�

銆€銆€(1)鍕�(d貌ng)绛嗕箣鍓嶏紝鑰冪敓涓€瀹氳瑾�(r猫n)鐪熶粩绱�(x矛)鍦伴柋璁€鎵€绲﹀師鏂�锛屽姏姹傛姄浣忓叾澶ф剰锛屾帉鎻″師鏂囪榛�(di菐n)銆� 濡傛灉涓€閬嶄笉鑳芥槑鐧�锛屽彲浠ュ璁€骞炬锛岃畝鐨勬鏁�(sh霉)瓒婂瓒婂鏄撴槑鐧芥枃绔犲ぇ鎰�銆�

銆€銆€(2)鎽樿鐨勯暦(zh菐ng)搴︿笉鎳�(y墨ng)瓒呴亷鍘熸枃鐨勪笁鍒嗕箣涓€锛屼竴鑸槸鍘熸枃鐨勫洓鍒嗕箣涓€鎴栦簲鍒嗕箣涓€锛岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)閬靛畧瑕�(gu墨)瀹氱殑瀛�?j菒n)?sh霉)闄愬埗銆�

銆€銆€(3)鍦ㄥ仛鎽樿鏅�(sh铆)鑰冪敓鍒囧繉鐓ф惉鍘熸枃锛屾噳(y墨ng)瑭茬敤鑷繁鐨勮獮瑷€渚嗗銆備竴绡囨憳瑕佹噳(y墨ng)瑭叉槸瑾炶█鐨勫啀鍓�(chu脿ng)閫�锛岃€屼笉鏄師鏂囪瑾炵殑绨�(ji菐n)鍠爢鐮�銆�

銆€銆€(4)鎽樿鎳�(y墨ng)鑸囧師鏂囩殑瑙€榛�(di菐n)淇濇寔涓€鑷达紝鐐轰簡浣挎憳瑕佹鐞嗘竻鏅�锛岀劇鐗规畩鎯呮硜鎳�(y墨ng)鎸夊師鏂囩殑閭忚集闋嗗簭鎺掑垪銆�

銆€銆€(5)鎽樿瑕佸仛鍒板収(n猫i)瀹瑰畬鏁�锛屾矑鏈夊ぇ鐨勯伜婕�锛屼娇璁€鑰呯劇闇€鏌ョ湅鍘熸枃灏辫兘澶犵嵅寰楀師鏂囩殑涓昏鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€傛噳(y墨ng)閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍙嶆槧涓昏瑙€榛�(di菐n)锛屽埅闄ょ窗(x矛)绡€(ji茅)銆�

銆€銆€(6)鍓婇櫎渚嬪瓙锛岀啊(ji菐n)鍖栨弿杩�銆傜敤绨�(ji菐n)鐭殑瑾炲彞浠ｆ浛鍐楅暦(zh菐ng)鐨勮獮鍙�銆�

銆€銆€(7)妾㈡煡鑸囦慨鏀规檪(sh铆)锛岃€冪敓鎳�(y墨ng)閲嶉粸(di菐n)妾㈡煡鏄惁閬烘紡浜嗗師鏂囩殑瑕侀粸(di菐n)鎴栧寘鍚簡绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)銆�

銆€銆€鍙﹀锛屽鎽樿鏅�(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)瑭蹭娇鐢ㄧ啊(ji菐n)鍠殑閵滄帴瑭�锛屽but, then, thus, yet, for绛夌瓑锛岃€屼笉鑳戒娇鐢╝t the same time, on the other hand 绛�銆�

銆€銆€2.蹇呰儗妯＄増鍙ュ瀷

銆€銆€This paper mainly deals with...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒璜栨枃涓昏鏄鈥︹€�

銆€銆€This article focuses on the topics of (that, having, etc)...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷鐨勫挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐨勪富椤屾槸鈥︹€�

銆€銆€This essay presents knowledge that...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒鐭枃涓昏鏄瑳闂�(gu膩n)浜庘€︹€︾殑鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)銆�

銆€銆€This thesis discusses/analyzes...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒璜栨枃瑷庤珫/鍒嗘瀽浜嗏€︹€�

銆€銆€This paper provides an overview of...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷缍滆堪浜嗏€︹€�

銆€銆€This article compares...and summarizes key findings.

銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷姣旇純浜嗏€︹€﹀苟绺界祼(ji茅)浜嗕富瑕佺殑鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)銆�

銆€銆€This paper presents up-to-date information on...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒璜栨枃浠嬬垂浜嗛棞(gu膩n)浜庘€︹€︾殑鏈€鏂颁俊鎭�銆�

銆€銆€This article not only describes...but also suggests...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷涓嶅儏鎻忚堪浜嗏€︹€﹁€屼笖寤鸿鈥︹€�

銆€銆€This paper provides a method of ...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒鐐衡€︹€︽彁渚涗簡鏂规硶銆�

銆€銆€This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷浠嬬垂涓€绋垎鏋愨€︹€︾殑鍙绋嬪簭銆�

銆€銆€This paper is devoted to examining the role of...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒璜栨枃鑷村姏浜庣爺绌垛€︹€︾殑浣滅敤銆�

銆€銆€This paper reflects the state of the art in...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒璜栨枃灞曠ず浜嗏€︹€︾洰鍓嶇殑鎯呮硜銆�

銆€銆€This article reviews the techniques used in...

銆€銆€閫欑瘒鏂囩珷缍滆堪浜嗏€︹€﹂牁(l菒ng)鍩熼噰鐢ㄧ殑鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆�

銆€銆€The writer of this essay tries to explore...

銆€銆€鏈枃浣滆€呰│鍦栨帰瑷庘€︹€�

銆€銆€The aim/purpose/objective of this paper is to determine...

銆€銆€鏈枃鐨勭洰鐨�/鐩(bi膩o)鏄偤浜嗘焙瀹氣€︹€︺€€

銆€銆€3.蹇呰儗缍�(j墨ng)鍏歌寖鏂�

銆€銆€灏囦笅闈㈤€欑瘒绱�500瑭炵殑鍘熸枃鎸夎姹傚鎴愮磩150瑭炵殑鎽樿銆�

銆€銆€鍘熸枃

銆€銆€How New York Became America顒媠 Largest City

銆€銆€In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston.Today it is the largest city in America.How can the change in its size and importance be explained锛�

銆€銆€To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography锛� history锛宎nd economics.Together these three will explain the huge growth of America顒媠 most famous city.

銆€銆€The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily populated areas in this region are around seaports.At these points materials from across the sea enter the United States锛� and the product of the land are sent there for export across the sea.

銆€銆€Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods.That is why seaports often have cities nearby.But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers.Their development did not happen simply by chance.

銆€銆€About 1815锛寃hen many Americans from the east coast had already moved toward the west锛宼rade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time锛宒rawn by horses or oxen锛寃ere too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe顒媠 canals.In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem.From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land.Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After several years of work it was completed in 1825.

銆€銆€The canal produced an immediate effect.Freight costs were cut to about one-tenth of what had been.New York City锛寃hich had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston锛� quickly became the leading city of the coast.In the years that followed锛� transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River.Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that extended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the western branches of the Mississippi.

銆€銆€The coming of the railroads made canal shipping less important锛宐ut it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country.It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.

銆€銆€Exports from New York were greater than imports.Consequently锛宻hipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe.Passengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result.

銆€銆€Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of these people remained in the city.Others stayed in New York for a few weeks锛宮onths锛宱r years锛宎nd then moved to other parts of the United States.For these great number of new Americans New York had to provide homes锛� goods锛� and services.Their labor helped the city be come great.

銆€銆€鎽樿

銆€銆€How New York Became America顒媠 Largest City

銆€銆€New York was once smaller than Philadelphia and Boston锛宐ut now it is America顒媠 largest city because of geography锛宧istory and economics.

銆€銆€New York was located at the seaport where materials were imported to the US and the products of the US were sent abroad across the sea.The city was further developed when the Erie Canal was completed in 1825.This linked Lake Erie to New York via the Hudson River and the cost of transporting goods to those who had settled inland was cut down.In addition锛� the Great Lakes were soon linked to the Mississippi.Later锛宺ailroads tied New York closer to the central states锛寃hose goods were exported via New York.Fewer goods were imported锛宻o cheap passages were available from Europe.New York became the main port for receiving Europeans锛宮any of whom stayed in the city and helped it become great.

銆€銆€绗洓绡€(ji茅)鍫�(b脿o)鍛�

銆€銆€1.瀵綔鏀荤暐

銆€銆€鍫�(b脿o)鍛婃槸涓嬬礆(j铆)閮ㄩ杸灏辨煇浠朵簨鎯呭悜涓婄礆(j铆)閮ㄩ杸鍜岄牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鍥炲牨(b脿o)宸ヤ綔銆佸弽鏄犳儏娉�銆佹彁鍑哄缓璀扮瓑浣跨敤鐨勪笂琛屽叕鏂�銆傚氨鍏跺収(n猫i)瀹瑰(sh铆)璩�(zh矛)渚嗚锛屽彲鍒嗙偤淇℃伅椤炲牨(b脿o)鍛婂拰鍒嗘瀽椤炲牨(b脿o)鍛�銆備俊鎭鍫�(b脿o)鍛婂湪鏃ュ父浜嬪嫏(w霉)涓稉(j墨ng)甯哥櫦(f膩)鐢燂紝鍏剁洰鐨勬槸閫氬牨(b脿o)淇℃伅鍜屾儏娉�锛屼竴鑸姹傛簴(zh菙n)纰恒€佹纰恒€佸畬鏁�銆佺啊(ji菐n)鏄庢壖瑕併€傚垎鏋愰鍫�(b脿o)鍛婂湪瑾炶█鍜屾牸寮忎笂鍓囨洿鍔犳寮�銆佸京(f霉)闆�锛屽叾鐩殑鍦ㄤ簬灏�(du矛)鏌愬晱椤屾垨鎯呮硜閫�(j矛n)琛岃(di脿o)鏌ャ€佺爺绌�銆佸垎鏋�銆佽⿻(p铆ng)浼版垨璜栬瓑鍚庢彁鍑虹祼(ji茅)璜�锛岀瘒骞呬竴鑸純闀�(zh菐ng)銆傚牨(b脿o)鍛婄殑瀵綔涓昏鏈変互涓嬭姹傦細

銆€銆€(1) 瀵ソ涓€浠藉牨(b脿o)鍛�锛屾挵瀵汉棣栧厛瑕佸皪(du矛)鎵€瑕佸鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹规湁鍏呭垎鐨勪簡瑙�銆傚浣滄檪(sh铆)锛屾噳(y墨ng)鐩￠噺澶氱敤琚嫊(d貌ng)瑾炴厠(t脿i)锛屽皯鐢ㄧ涓€浜虹ū锛屼互鍏嶄富瑙€銆佸啋鏄с€�

銆€銆€(2) 涓€鑸嫳鏂囧牨(b脿o)鍛婇兘鍙噰鐢ㄦ浉淇℃牸寮�銆�

銆€銆€(3) 鍫�(b脿o)鍛婅鏈夋槑纰虹殑涓績鎬濇兂銆佹竻妤氱殑娈佃惤灞ゆ鍜屽悎鐞嗙殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瀹夋帓銆�

銆€銆€2.蹇呰儗妯＄増鍙ュ瀷

銆€銆€The report is hereby made to ask for the approval of the board for the solution of the problem.

銆€銆€璜�(q菒ng)钁ｄ簨鏈�(hu矛)鎵规簴(zh菙n)閫欎欢浜嬬殑瑙ｆ焙鏂规銆�

銆€銆€This report will summarize...

銆€銆€鏈牨(b脿o)鍛婂皣绺界祼(ji茅)鈥︹€�

銆€銆€The report provides an introduction to...

銆€銆€鏈牨(b脿o)鍛婁粙绱逛簡鈥︹€�

銆€銆€The operation on... is under smooth way.

銆€銆€鈥︹€︾殑閬�(y霉n)琛屽緢姝ｅ父銆�

銆€銆€This report only provides guidelines they can use to assess their own needs.

銆€銆€鏈牨(b脿o)鍛婄洝鐐轰粬鍊�?c猫)u(p铆ng)浼拌嚜韬渶姹傛彁渚涗竴浜涙寚灏�(d菐o)銆�

銆€銆€May I have your approval of...by the end of this month?

銆€銆€鏈堝簳涔嬪墠鎴戣兘寰楀埌鎮ㄥ氨鈥︹€︾殑鎵规簴(zh菙n)鍡�锛�

銆€銆€We will fulfill the task ahead of time.

銆€銆€鎴戝€戝皣鎻愬墠瀹屾垚浠诲嫏(w霉)銆�

銆€銆€Upon the request of the committee, we顒媣e conducted the report.

銆€銆€鎳�(y墨ng)濮斿摗鏈�(hu矛)鐨勮珛(q菒ng)姹傦紝鎴戝€戝畬鎴愪簡閫欎唤鍫�(b脿o)鍛�銆�

銆€銆€3.蹇呰儗缍�(j墨ng)鍏歌寖鏂�

銆€銆€To锛歁r. Johnson

銆€銆€From锛歀i Nan

銆€銆€Subject锛歋hip Accident off West Coast of The Yangtze River锛孨o Casualties.

銆€銆€Date锛欰pril.4锛�2005

銆€銆€Yesterday evening two boats collided in thick fog in The Yangtze River not far from Wu Han. One was a cargo ship carrying lumber锛宎pparently on its way to The Yangtze River. The other was a National ferry on its regular run from Jiu Jiang to Wu Han.

銆€銆€However锛宐ecause of the weather conditions锛宼he captains did not realize the danger until a few seconds before the collision took place. Consequently锛宼here was no time for them to prevent the accident.

銆€銆€Fortunately锛宼here were no casualties among the crews or passengers锛宐ut both ships suffered badly damages.

銆€銆€A spokesman for the port authorities said that a committee would be set up to determine the cause of the collision.

銆€銆€Sincerely yours,

銆€銆€Li Nan

銆€銆€璀枃

銆€銆€鏀朵俊浜猴細绱勭堪閬滃厛鐢�

銆€銆€鐧�(f膩)淇′汉:鏉庢

銆€銆€涓婚:闀�(zh菐ng)姹熻タ宀告挒鑸逛簨鏁�,鐒″偡浜�

銆€銆€鏃ユ湡:2005骞�4鏈�4鏃�

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