1锛� 鎶婃彙涓績鎬濇兂灞�

2锛� 姒傛嫭娈佃惤澶ф剰灞�

3锛� 娣卞叆鍓栨瀽鏂囩珷灞�

4锛� 鎽橀寗鑳岃浣冲彞灞�

5锛� 鎻涗綅鎬濊€冨懡椤屽堡

       鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互姝峰勾鐪熼鐐轰緥瑾�(shu艒)鏄庡浣曞(sh铆)鏂戒笂杩扮殑浜斿堡閬為€�(j矛n)瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)娉�銆傚湪姣忕瘒鏂囩珷鐨勫悗闈紝“鏂囩珷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧収(n猫i)瀹�”灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)涓婅堪瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)娉曠殑1鑸�2锛�“鏍稿績瑭炲尟”銆�“闆ｅ彞鍒嗘瀽”鑸�“鍙冭€冭鏂�”灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)涓婅堪瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)娉曠殑3锛�“浣冲彞鎽橀寗”灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)涓婅堪瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)娉曠殑4锛岃€�“瑭﹂瑭宠В”灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)涓婅堪瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)娉曠殑5銆傞棞(gu膩n)浜�“浜斿堡閬為€�(j矛n)瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)娉�”鐨勫叿楂斿収(n猫i)瀹�锛岃珛(q菒ng)闁辫畝鏈汉鍗氬涓殑鍚屽悕鏂囩珷銆�

Passage 4

“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”

This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.

With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.

The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”

The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.

“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”

13. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to .

锛籄锛� predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade

锛籅锛� indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright

锛籆锛� prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years

锛籇锛� warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered

14. The author implies that by the year 2000, .

锛籄锛� there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients

锛籅锛� 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living

锛籆锛� the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers

锛籇锛� there won’t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients

15. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes.

锛籄锛� that are always in operation in a healthy person

锛籅锛� which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated

锛籆锛� that can be driven out of normal cells

锛籇锛� which normal cell can’t turn off

16. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means .

锛籄锛� dead锛籅锛� ever-present锛籆锛� inactive锛籇锛� potential

鏂囩珷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧収(n猫i)瀹�

鏂囩珷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氬堡灞ら仦閫�(j矛n)鍨�銆傛湰鏂囨寚鍑轰汉鍊戦洊鐒堕倓娌�(m茅i)鏈夋壘鍒版不鎰堢檶鐧ョ殑鏂规硶锛屼絾鍦ㄧ檶鐧ョ殑鐮旂┒鏂归潰宸茬稉(j墨ng)鏈変簡寰堝ぇ閫�(j矛n)灞�銆備汉鍊戠櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗚嚧鐧屽熀鍥狅紙oncogene锛�锛屼絾鏄皪(du矛)浜庡叾娲诲嫊(d貌ng)閬�(gu貌)绋嬮倓鐭ヤ箣涓嶅銆備綔鑰呰獚(r猫n)鐐洪洊鐒剁檶鐧ョ殑娌绘剤鍓嶆櫙閬欓仩(yu菐n)锛屼絾宸茬稉(j墨ng)姣旇純鏄庢湕銆傞柋璁€鏅�(sh铆)娉ㄦ剰鏂囦腑鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鎶樿檿銆�

鏍稿績瑭炲尟

1. in vast detail 寰堣┏鐩″湴锛坴ast 澶ч噺鐨勶紝宸ㄥぇ鐨勶級

2. microbiologist 寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)瀹�

3. caution璀﹀憡锛沶. 璎�(j菒n)鎱�锛涜鍛婏紙precaution闋�(y霉)鍏堣鍛婏紝闋�(y霉)闃诧級

4. infection 鎰熸煋锛屽偝鏌擄紙鍕�(d貌ng)瑭瀒nfect 鎰熸煋锛屽偝鏌擄級

5. suffer from 鎮ｆ湁锛涢伃鍙�锛涘繊鍙�

6. survive 骞稿瓨锛屽垢鍏嶄簬锛涙椿寰楁瘮…闀�(zh菐ng)锛堝悕瑭瀞urvival锛�

7. statistics 绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鏁�(sh霉)鍊�锛岀当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)璩囨枡锛岀当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)锛堝(xu茅)锛�

8. variety绋锛屽搧绋�锛涘绋妯�

9. in existence 瀛樺湪锛岀敓瀛�

10. oncogene 锛堣嚧锛夌檶鍩哄洜

11. activate 婵€娲�锛屼娇娲诲嫊(d貌ng)锛堝舰瀹硅active锛�

12. dormant鏆�?锛涢?d貌ng)鐨�锛涙經鍦ㄧ殑锛涚潯钁楃殑锛堝悓鏍硅dormitory瀹胯垗---dorm鐫¤(ju茅)锛�

13. drive into action 浣�…娲诲嫊(d貌ng)璧蜂締(l谩i)锛岃揩浣�…琛屽嫊(d貌ng)

14. turn off 闂�(gu膩n)闁�锛屼娇…鍋滄娲诲嫊(d貌ng)

15. involved鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勶紝娑夊強鐨�

16. mysterious 绁炵鐨勶紙鍚嶈mystery 绁炵浜嬬墿锛�

17. likelihood 鍙兘鎬э紙褰㈠瑭瀕ikely 鍙兘鐨勶級

18. initiate 闁�(k膩i)濮�锛岀櫦(f膩)璧凤紙鍚屾牴瑭瀒nitiative 涓诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨勮鍕�(d貌ng)锛涢鍓�(chu脿ng)绮剧---init绗竴锛岄枊(k膩i)濮嬶級

19. prepare… against 浠�…闃插倷…

20. cosmic 瀹囧畽鐨勶紙鍚嶈cosmos瀹囧畽锛�

21. prospect 鍓嶆櫙锛坧rospective 鏈締(l谩i)鐨勶級

22. counteract 灏�(du矛)…璧峰弽浣滅敤锛屽皪(du矛)鎶楋紙= counter锛堢浉鍙嶏級+act锛堜綔鐢級锛�

23. predict 闋�(y霉)瑷€锛岄爯(y霉)娓�(c猫)锛堝舰瀹硅predictable鍙互闋�(y霉)娓�(c猫)鐨勶級

*              *              *

24. drastic婵€鐑堢殑锛岃繀鐚涚殑锛涘毚(y谩n)鍘茬殑

25. in operation宸ヤ綔锛岄亱(y霉n)琛�

闆ｅ彞鍒嗘瀽

1. “But”, he cautions, “some people may have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”

锛荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛介€欐槸涓€鍊�(g猫)鐩存帴寮曡獮(y菙)锛屽寘鍚叐鍊�(g猫)閮ㄥ垎锛屽叾涓涓€鍊�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙鐨勪富骞叉槸some people may have the idea…锛屽悗闈㈢殑that寮曞皫(d菐o)涓€鍊�(g猫)鍚屼綅瑾�(y菙)寰炲彞that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow锛屼慨椋総he idea锛涚浜屽€�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙鏄竴鍊�(g猫)渚嬪瓙锛岃(shu艒)鏄庡墠涓€鍙ヤ腑some people鐨勯尟(cu貌)瑾よ榛�(di菐n)銆�

[鍙冭€冭鏂嘳 “浣嗘槸”锛屼粬璀﹀憡瑾�(shu艒)锛�“鏈変簺浜哄彲鑳芥湁閫欐ǎ涓€绋兂娉曪細涓€鏃︿汉鍊戜簡瑙ｄ簡鐥呭洜锛屽緢蹇氨鑳芥壘鍒版不鐧傛柟娉�銆傛兂涓€鎯冲反鏂痉锛屼粬鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗绋偝鏌撶梾鐨勭梾鍥�锛屽彲鏄簲銆佸叚鍗佸勾鍚庢墠鎵惧埌娌荤檪鏂规硶銆�”

2. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells.

锛荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛� 鏈彞鐨勪富骞叉槸The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s锛岀涓€鍊�(g猫)閫楄櫉(h脿o)涔嬪悗鐨剋hen寮曞皫(d菐o)涓€鍊�(g猫)瀹氳獮(y菙)寰炲彞when they discovered…锛屼慨椋総he early 1970s锛沝iscovered鍚庨潰鏄痶hat寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)璩撹獮(y菙)寰炲彞that oncogenes… are inactive in normal cells锛岄€欏€�(g猫)璩撹獮(y菙)寰炲彞涓殑which are cancer-causing genes鏄竴鍊�(g猫)闈為檺瀹氭€у畾瑾�(y菙)寰炲彞锛屼慨椋緊ncogenes锛岃В閲媜ncogenes鐨勫惈缇�銆�

[鍙冭€冭鏂嘳 鐮旂┒浜哄摗鍦�20涓栫磤(j矛)70骞翠唬鍒濇湡鍙栧緱宸ㄥぇ閫�(j矛n)灞�---鐣�(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)閫欎簺鐮旂┒浜哄摗鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鑷寸檶鍩哄洜鍦ㄦ甯哥窗(x矛)鑳炰腑骞朵笉娲诲嫊(d貌ng)銆�

3. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.

锛荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛芥湰鍙ユ槸涓€鍊�(g猫)寰�(f霉)鍚堝彞锛屽墠鍗婂彞鐨勪富瑾�(y菙)鏄疉nything锛屽悗闈㈢殑浠嬭绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)from cosmic rays to radiation to diet瑾�(shu艒)鏄庝富瑾�(y菙)鎵€鍖呮嫭鐨勮寖鍦�锛涘悗鍗婂彞鏄竴鍊�(g猫)鐪佺暐鍙ワ紝瑁�(b菙)鍏呭畬鏁存槸but how they may activate a dormant oncogene remains unknown銆�

[鍙冭€冭鏂嘳 寰炲畤瀹欏皠绶氬埌杓诲皠鍒伴２椋燂紝浠讳綍鏉辫タ閮芥湁鍙兘婵€娲绘矇鐫′腑鐨勮嚧鐧屽熀鍥�锛屼絾婵€娲荤殑鏂瑰紡灏氫笉寰楄€岀煡銆�

4. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent cancers.

锛荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛芥湰鍙ユ槸涓€鍊�(g猫)琛ㄧず杞�(zhu菐n)鎶樼殑寰�(f霉)鍚堝彞锛屽墠鍗婂彞鐨刬nvolved锛堢浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨�锛屾秹鍙婄殑锛夊悗缃綔mechanisms鐨勫畾瑾�(y菙)锛屾湁椤炰技鐢ㄦ硶鐨勮鏈塩oncerned锛堟湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勶級锛涘悗鍗婂彞鐨勪富骞叉槸the likelihood ...suggests that..., 鍏朵腑涓昏獮(y菙)the likelihood锛堝彲鑳芥€э級鍚庡付鏈夊悓浣嶈獮(y菙)寰炲彞that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes锛岃€岃瑐瑾�(y菙)suggests鍚庡付鏈塼hat寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)璩撹獮(y菙)寰炲彞銆�

[鍙冭€冭鏂嘳 鐧岃畩娑夊強鐨勭⒑鍒囨(j墨)鍒朵粛鐒跺緢绁炵锛屼絾瑷卞鐧岀櫏闁�(k膩i)濮嬩簬鍩哄洜閫欎竴鍙兘鎬ц〃鏄庢垜鍊戝皣姘搁仩(yu菐n)鐒�(w煤)娉曢爯(y霉)闃叉墍鏈夌殑鐧岀櫏銆�

瑭﹂瑭宠В

13锛庝緥璀夐銆傞€欓椤岀殑绛旀涓€鑸湪渚嬪瓙鍓�銆備綔鑰呭湪鑸塒asteur鐨勪緥瀛愪箣鍓�锛屽氨宸茬稉(j墨ng)璀﹀憡浜哄€戜笉瑕佷互鐐虹悊瑙ｄ簡鐧岀櫏鐨勮嚧鐥呭師鍥犲氨鑳藉緢蹇壘鍒版不鐧傛柟娉曪紙 “But, ” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow…锛�锛屼篃灏辨槸瑾�(shu艒)there is still a long way to go(鍓嶉潰瑕佽蛋鐨勮矾閭勫緢闀�(zh菐ng))銆侱绗﹀悎姝ゆ剰锛岀偤姝ｇ⒑绛旀銆傛敞鎰忥細浣滆€呮铏曟墍鑸夌殑渚嬪瓙鏄竴鍊�(g猫)鍙嶄緥銆�

14锛�  浜嬪(sh铆)绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)椤�銆備簩娈甸枊(k膩i)濮嬫寚鍑虹暥(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)鎵€鏈夌檶鐧ユ偅鑰呰兘娲�5骞寸殑閬�(d谩)50锛�锛屽埌2000骞撮仈(d谩)75%锛屾湁浜涚毊鑶氱檶鎮ｈ€呭彲閬�(d谩)90锛咃紝浣嗘槸鍏朵粬绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀苟涓嶆▊(l猫)瑙€---鑲虹檶鍜岃儼鑵虹檶鐨�5骞村瓨娲荤巼鍒嗗垾鏄�13%鍜�2%銆侱“骞朵笉鏄墍鏈夌殑鐧岀櫏鎮ｈ€呭瓨娲荤巼閮芥渻(hu矛)澶у箙鎻愰珮”绗﹀悎姝ゆ剰锛屾墍浠ユ槸姝ｇ⒑绛旀銆侫“鐨啔鐧屾偅鑰呯殑5骞村瓨娲荤巼灏囨湁澶у箙鎻愰珮”鑸囧師鏂囦笉绗�锛屽洜?y脿n)妲庮懡钄氳皩類ф覆鍌呮皷閬ｇ碃鍒躲仱w鐧屾偅鑰�锛岃€孉閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鎸囩殑鏄墍鏈夌毊鑶氱檶鎮ｈ€�銆傞柋璁€鏅�(sh铆)娉ㄦ剰鏂囦腑鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鎶樿but銆�

15锛庝簨瀵�(sh铆)绱�(x矛)绡€(ji茅)椤�銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)鍟�(w猫n)椤屼腑鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸佃oncogenes瀹氫綅鍘熸枃涓夋绗簩鍙ワ細oncogenes…are inactive in normal cells(鑷寸檶鍩哄洜鍦ㄦ甯哥窗(x矛)鑳炰腑鏄笉娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨�锛屼篃灏辨槸灏�(du矛)绱�(x矛)鑳炵劇(w煤)瀹崇殑)銆備笅涓€鍙ユ寚鍑哄畠鍊戣兘琚縺娲�锛岄€欐檪(sh铆)灏卞皪(du矛)绱�(x矛)鑳炴湁瀹炽€侭绗﹀悎姝ゆ剰锛岀偤姝ｇ⒑绛旀銆�

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浣冲彞鎽橀寗

Some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow.

The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.