鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
鍦�“鑰冪爺闁辫畝鐨勬渶楂樺鐣�——锛堜竴锛変簲灞ら仦閫插缈掓硶”绛夋枃绔犱腑鎴戣鏄庝簡鎳夎┎濡備綍鎶婃彙闁辫畝鏂囩珷鑸囪│椤岋細
1锛� 鎶婃彙涓績鎬濇兂灞�
2锛� 姒傛嫭娈佃惤澶ф剰灞�
3锛� 娣卞叆鍓栨瀽鏂囩珷灞�
4锛� 鎽橀寗鑳岃浣冲彞灞�
5锛� 鎻涗綅鎬濊€冨懡椤屽堡
鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互姝峰勾鐪熼鐐轰緥瑾槑濡備綍瀵︽柦涓婅堪鐨勪簲灞ら仦閫插缈掓硶銆傚湪姣忕瘒鏂囩珷鐨勫悗闈�锛�“鏂囩珷绲愭鑸囧収瀹�”灏嶆噳涓婅堪瀛哥繏娉曠殑1鑸�2锛�“鏍稿績瑭炲尟”銆�“闆e彞鍒嗘瀽”鑸�“鍙冭€冭鏂�”灏嶆噳涓婅堪瀛哥繏娉曠殑3锛�“浣冲彞鎽橀寗”灏嶆噳涓婅堪瀛哥繏娉曠殑4锛岃€�“瑭﹂瑭宠В”灏嶆噳涓婅堪瀛哥繏娉曠殑5銆傞棞浜�“浜斿堡閬為€插缈掓硶”鐨勫叿楂斿収瀹�锛岃珛闁辫畝鏈汉鍗氬涓殑鍚屽悕鏂囩珷銆�
Passage 4
“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”
This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.
With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.
The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”
The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.
“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”
13. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to .
锛籄锛� predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade
锛籅锛� indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright
锛籆锛� prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years
锛籇锛� warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered
14. The author implies that by the year 2000, .
锛籄锛� there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients
锛籅锛� 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living
锛籆锛� the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers
锛籇锛� there won’t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients
15. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes.
锛籄锛� that are always in operation in a healthy person
锛籅锛� which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated
锛籆锛� that can be driven out of normal cells
锛籇锛� which normal cell can’t turn off
16. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means .
锛籄锛� dead锛籅锛� ever-present锛籆锛� inactive锛籇锛� potential
鏂囩珷绲愭鑸囧収瀹�
鏂囩珷绲愭锛氬堡灞ら仦閫插瀷銆傛湰鏂囨寚鍑轰汉鍊戦洊鐒堕倓娌掓湁鎵惧埌娌绘剤鐧岀櫏鐨勬柟娉�锛屼絾鍦ㄧ檶鐧ョ殑鐮旂┒鏂归潰宸茬稉鏈変簡寰堝ぇ閫插睍銆備汉鍊戠櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗚嚧鐧屽熀鍥狅紙oncogene锛�锛屼絾鏄皪浜庡叾娲诲嫊閬庣▼閭勭煡涔嬩笉澶�銆備綔鑰呰獚鐐洪洊鐒剁檶鐧ョ殑娌绘剤鍓嶆櫙閬欓仩锛屼絾宸茬稉姣旇純鏄庢湕銆傞柋璁€鏅傛敞鎰忔枃涓殑杞夋姌铏曘€�
鏍稿績瑭炲尟
1. in vast detail 寰堣┏鐩″湴锛坴ast 澶ч噺鐨�锛屽法澶х殑锛�
2. microbiologist 寰敓鐗╁瀹�
3. caution璀﹀憡锛沶. 璎规厧锛涜鍛婏紙precaution闋愬厛璀﹀憡锛岄爯闃诧級
4. infection 鎰熸煋锛屽偝鏌擄紙鍕曡infect 鎰熸煋锛屽偝鏌擄級
5. suffer from 鎮f湁锛涢伃鍙�锛涘繊鍙�
6. survive 骞稿瓨锛屽垢鍏嶄簬锛涙椿寰楁瘮…闀凤紙鍚嶈survival锛�
7. statistics 绲�(t菕ng)瑷�鏁�(sh霉)鍊硷紝绲�(t菕ng)瑷堣硣鏂�锛岀当(t菕ng)瑷堬紙瀛革級
8. variety绋锛屽搧绋�锛涘绋妯�
9. in existence 瀛樺湪锛岀敓瀛�
10. oncogene 锛堣嚧锛夌檶鍩哄洜
11. activate 婵€娲�锛屼娇娲诲嫊锛堝舰瀹硅active锛�
12. dormant鏆�?锛涢鎷�?锛涙經鍦ㄧ殑锛涚潯钁楃殑锛堝悓鏍硅dormitory瀹胯垗---dorm鐫¤锛�
13. drive into action 浣�…娲诲嫊璧蜂締锛岃揩浣�…琛屽嫊
14. turn off 闂滈枆锛屼娇…鍋滄娲诲嫊
15. involved鐩搁棞鐨�锛屾秹鍙婄殑
16. mysterious 绁炵鐨勶紙鍚嶈mystery 绁炵浜嬬墿锛�
17. likelihood 鍙兘鎬э紙褰㈠瑭瀕ikely 鍙兘鐨勶級
18. initiate 闁嬪锛岀櫦(f膩)璧凤紙鍚屾牴瑭瀒nitiative 涓诲嫊鐨勮鍕�锛涢鍓�(chu脿ng)绮剧---init绗竴锛岄枊濮嬶級
19. prepare… against 浠�…闃插倷…
20. cosmic 瀹囧畽鐨勶紙鍚嶈cosmos瀹囧畽锛�
21. prospect 鍓嶆櫙锛坧rospective 鏈締鐨勶級
22. counteract 灏�…璧峰弽浣滅敤锛屽皪鎶楋紙= counter锛堢浉鍙嶏級+act锛堜綔鐢級锛�
23. predict 闋愯█锛岄爯娓紙褰㈠瑭瀙redictable鍙互闋愭脯鐨勶級
* * *
24. drastic婵€鐑堢殑锛岃繀鐚涚殑锛涘毚鍘茬殑
25. in operation宸ヤ綔锛岄亱琛�
闆e彞鍒嗘瀽
1. “But”, he cautions, “some people may have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”
锛荤祼妲嬪垎鏋愶冀閫欐槸涓€鍊嬬洿鎺ュ紩瑾�锛屽寘鍚叐鍊嬮儴鍒嗭紝鍏朵腑绗竴鍊嬪彞瀛愮殑涓诲共鏄痵ome people may have the idea…锛屽悗闈㈢殑that寮曞皫涓€鍊嬪悓浣嶈獮寰炲彞that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow锛屼慨椋総he idea锛涚浜屽€嬪彞瀛愭槸涓€鍊嬩緥瀛�锛岃鏄庡墠涓€鍙ヤ腑some people鐨勯尟瑾よ榛�銆�
[鍙冭€冭鏂嘳 “浣嗘槸”锛屼粬璀﹀憡瑾�锛�“鏈変簺浜哄彲鑳芥湁閫欐ǎ涓€绋兂娉曪細涓€鏃︿汉鍊戜簡瑙d簡鐥呭洜锛屽緢蹇氨鑳芥壘鍒版不鐧傛柟娉�銆傛兂涓€鎯冲反鏂痉锛屼粬鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗绋偝鏌撶梾鐨勭梾鍥�锛屽彲鏄簲銆佸叚鍗佸勾鍚庢墠鎵惧埌娌荤檪鏂规硶銆�”
2. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells.
锛荤祼妲嬪垎鏋愶冀 鏈彞鐨勪富骞叉槸The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s锛岀涓€鍊嬮€楄櫉涔嬪悗鐨剋hen寮曞皫涓€鍊嬪畾瑾炲緸鍙hen they discovered…锛屼慨椋総he early 1970s锛沝iscovered鍚庨潰鏄痶hat寮曞皫鐨勪竴鍊嬭硴瑾炲緸鍙hat oncogenes… are inactive in normal cells锛岄€欏€嬭硴瑾炲緸鍙ヤ腑鐨剋hich are cancer-causing genes鏄竴鍊嬮潪闄愬畾鎬у畾瑾炲緸鍙ワ紝淇>oncogenes锛岃В閲媜ncogenes鐨勫惈缇�銆�
[鍙冭€冭鏂嘳 鐮旂┒浜哄摗鍦�20涓栫磤70骞翠唬鍒濇湡鍙栧緱宸ㄥぇ閫插睍---鐣舵檪閫欎簺鐮旂┒浜哄摗鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鑷寸檶鍩哄洜鍦ㄦ甯哥窗鑳炰腑骞朵笉娲诲嫊銆�
3. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.
锛荤祼妲嬪垎鏋愶冀鏈彞鏄竴鍊嬪京鍚堝彞锛屽墠鍗婂彞鐨勪富瑾炴槸Anything锛屽悗闈㈢殑浠嬭绲愭from cosmic rays to radiation to diet瑾槑涓昏獮鎵€鍖呮嫭鐨勮寖鍦�锛涘悗鍗婂彞鏄竴鍊嬬渷鐣ュ彞锛岃鍏呭畬鏁存槸but how they may activate a dormant oncogene remains unknown銆�
[鍙冭€冭鏂嘳 寰炲畤瀹欏皠绶氬埌杓诲皠鍒伴2椋�锛屼换浣曟澅瑗块兘鏈夊彲鑳芥縺娲绘矇鐫′腑鐨勮嚧鐧屽熀鍥狅紝浣嗘縺娲荤殑鏂瑰紡灏氫笉寰楄€岀煡銆�
4. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent cancers.
锛荤祼妲嬪垎鏋愶冀鏈彞鏄竴鍊嬭〃绀鸿綁鎶樼殑寰╁悎鍙�锛屽墠鍗婂彞鐨刬nvolved锛堢浉闂滅殑锛屾秹鍙婄殑锛夊悗缃綔mechanisms鐨勫畾瑾�锛屾湁椤炰技鐢ㄦ硶鐨勮鏈塩oncerned锛堟湁闂滅殑锛夛紱鍚庡崐鍙ョ殑涓诲共鏄痶he likelihood ...suggests that..., 鍏朵腑涓昏獮the likelihood锛堝彲鑳芥€э級鍚庡付鏈夊悓浣嶈獮寰炲彞that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes锛岃€岃瑐瑾瀞uggests鍚庡付鏈塼hat寮曞皫鐨勪竴鍊嬭硴瑾炲緸鍙�銆�
[鍙冭€冭鏂嘳 鐧岃畩娑夊強鐨勭⒑鍒囨鍒朵粛鐒跺緢绁炵锛屼絾瑷卞鐧岀櫏闁嬪浜庡熀鍥犻€欎竴鍙兘鎬ц〃鏄庢垜鍊戝皣姘搁仩鐒℃硶闋愰槻鎵€鏈夌殑鐧岀櫏銆�
瑭﹂瑭宠В
13锛庝緥璀夐銆傞€欓椤岀殑绛旀涓€鑸湪渚嬪瓙鍓嶃€備綔鑰呭湪鑸塒asteur鐨勪緥瀛愪箣鍓�锛屽氨宸茬稉璀﹀憡浜哄€戜笉瑕佷互鐐虹悊瑙d簡鐧岀櫏鐨勮嚧鐥呭師鍥犲氨鑳藉緢蹇壘鍒版不鐧傛柟娉曪紙 “But, ” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow…锛�锛屼篃灏辨槸瑾猼here is still a long way to go(鍓嶉潰瑕佽蛋鐨勮矾閭勫緢闀�)銆侱绗﹀悎姝ゆ剰锛岀偤姝g⒑绛旀銆傛敞鎰忥細浣滆€呮铏曟墍鑸夌殑渚嬪瓙鏄竴鍊嬪弽渚�銆�
14锛� 浜嬪绱扮瘈(ji茅)椤�銆備簩娈甸枊濮嬫寚鍑虹暥鏅傛墍鏈夌檶鐧ユ偅鑰呰兘娲�5骞寸殑閬�50锛�锛屽埌2000骞撮仈75%锛屾湁浜涚毊鑶氱檶鎮h€呭彲閬�90锛�锛屼絾鏄叾浠栫当(t菕ng)瑷堟暩(sh霉)瀛楀苟涓嶆▊瑙€---鑲虹檶鍜岃儼鑵虹檶鐨�5骞村瓨娲荤巼鍒嗗垾鏄�13%鍜�2%銆侱“骞朵笉鏄墍鏈夌殑鐧岀櫏鎮h€呭瓨娲荤巼閮芥渻澶у箙鎻愰珮”绗﹀悎姝ゆ剰锛屾墍浠ユ槸姝g⒑绛旀銆侫“鐨啔鐧屾偅鑰呯殑5骞村瓨娲荤巼灏囨湁澶у箙鎻愰珮”鑸囧師鏂囦笉绗�锛屽洜鐐轰簩娈电涓夊彞鎸囩殑鏄儴鍒嗙毊鑶氱檶鎮h€�锛岃€孉閬搁爡鎸囩殑鏄墍鏈夌毊鑶氱檶鎮h€�銆傞柋璁€鏅傛敞鎰忔枃涓殑杞夋姌瑭瀊ut銆�
15锛庝簨瀵︾窗绡€(ji茅)椤�銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)鍟忛涓殑闂滈嵉瑭瀘ncogenes瀹氫綅鍘熸枃涓夋绗簩鍙ワ細oncogenes…are inactive in normal cells(鑷寸檶鍩哄洜鍦ㄦ甯哥窗鑳炰腑鏄笉娲诲嫊鐨�锛屼篃灏辨槸灏嶇窗鑳炵劇瀹崇殑)銆備笅涓€鍙ユ寚鍑哄畠鍊戣兘琚縺娲�锛岄€欐檪灏卞皪绱拌優鏈夊銆侭绗﹀悎姝ゆ剰锛岀偤姝g⒑绛旀銆�
16锛庤缇╅銆傛帹娓缇╁彲浠ユ牴鎿�(j霉)涓婁笅鏂囬€茶銆傞鍏�锛岃瑐瑾瀉ctivate锛堟縺娲伙級鎻愪緵浜嗙窔绱�锛屽洜鐐洪渶瑕佹縺娲荤殑鏉辫タ鑲畾鍘熶締鏄笉娲昏簫鐨勶紝閭d箞C鐐烘纰虹瓟妗�銆傚叾娆★紝涓嬩竴鍙ヤ腑鐨刣riven into action锛堣婵€娲伙級涔熸彁绀篸ormant鐨勫惈缇�銆�
鍙冭€冭鏂�
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浣冲彞鎽橀寗
Some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow.
The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.
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