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涓婚
鏂囬珨椤炲瀷
2007
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娈栨皯鍦板湅瀹剁崹(d煤)绔嬪悗鐨勬敼闈�
璀拌珫鏂�
2006
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2005
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2004
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2003
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2002
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2001
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銆€銆€瑭︾湅2006骞寸煭鏂囩殑鍓嶄笁鍙ワ細The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. Indeed锛宧omelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can't possibly cope. To help homeless people toward independence, the federal government must… 绗竴鍙�“缇庡湅浜哄彛涓劇瀹跺彲姝歌€呯殑姣斾緥瓒婁締瓒婂ぇ”锛屽紩鍑�“鐒″鍙鑰呯殑鍟忛宸插毚(y谩n)閲嶅埌鍦版柟鏀垮簻鐒″姏鎳�(y墨ng)灏�锛岃伅(li谩n)閭︽斂搴滃繀闋堥噰鍙栨帾鏂戒締骞姪閫欎簺浜�”鐨勪富椤屻€�
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銆€銆€Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious thoughts to how they can best accommodate such changes.
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銆€銆€鍐嶅2002骞磋│椤岀殑鍓嶅叐鍙ワ細Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between.顎愮涓€鍙�“浜哄€戞妸20涓栫磤(j矛)鐨勯浕瑕栫殑鐧�(f膩)灞曟儏娉佽垏15鑷�16涓栫磤(j矛)鐨勫嵃鍒锋櫘鍙婄浉鎻愬苟璜�”鏄偤涓嬫枃浣滈嫪澧婏紱杞�(zhu菐n)鎶樿Yet琛ㄦ槑閫氳▕闈╁懡骞堕潪濮嬩簬19涓栫磤(j矛)锛屽緸鑰屽紩鍑轰富椤岋細鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)姝g⒑鍦扮湅寰呴€氳▕闈╁懡鐨勯亷绋嬪強鍏跺奖闊�銆�
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銆€銆€瑭︿互2006骞寸殑瑭﹂鐐轰緥銆傝◣璜栫編鍦嬬劇瀹跺彲姝歌€呭晱椤岀殑鐭枃鏈夊叐鍊嬭嚜鐒舵锛屽叾娈甸鍙ュ垎鍒ラ粸(di菐n)鍑鸿┎娈电殑涓績鎬濇兂锛氱編鍦嬩汉鍙d腑鐒″鍙鑰呯殑姣斾緥瓒婁締瓒婂ぇ(The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population.)鍜屼换浣曞柈涓€鎺柦閮戒笉鑳芥湁鏁堝湴骞姪閫欎竴缇ら珨(Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.)銆備綔鑰呭湪鍒嗘瀽鐒″鍙鑰呮祦钀借闋殑澶氱ó鍘熷洜涔嬪悗寮曠敤娆�(qu谩n)濞佽榛�(di菐n)鎻愬嚭瑙f焙杈︽硶锛屽嵆鏀垮簻涓嶈兘鍙憲鐪间簬婊胯冻閫欎簺浜虹殑婧=锛岄渶瑕�“绺介珨鍗�(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)锛岀稖鍚堟不鐞�(There has to be coordination of programs. What's needed is a package deal.)”锛岄灏惧懠鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽啀娆¢粸(di菐n)椤�銆�
銆€銆€2004骞磋│椤岀殑鐭枃鍏卞垎鍥涙銆傜涓€娈垫棣栧彞(Many theories…focus either on the individual or on society as…)涔嬪悗鐨勫叐鍙�(Theories centering on the individual suggest that…Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that …)鍒嗗垾浠嬬垂鍏╃ó鐞嗚珫鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�銆傚叾浣欎笁娈电殑娈甸鍙ラ兘鏄庣⒑鍦伴棥杩颁簡鍚勬鐨勪富椤岋細绗簩娈佃⿻杩伴棞(gu膩n)娉ㄨ钵绐搴皫(d菐o)鑷村厭绔ョ姱缃殑鐞嗚珫(Most theories…have focused on children from disadvantaged families…)锛涚涓夋 (浠ュ氨妤�(y猫)鐐轰緥) 鎺㈣◣绀炬渻绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)璁婂寲鍙兘鏄皫(d菐o)鑷撮潚灏戝勾鐘姜鐨勯枔鎺ュ師鍥� (Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates.)锛涚鍥涙涓昏璎涜堪绀炬渻绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)璁婂寲鐨勫彟涓€鍊嬫柟闈細瀹跺涵绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬敼璁� (Families have also experienced changes these years.)銆傜煭鏂囩祼(ji茅)灏炬彁鍑轰簡鍏朵粬鑻ュ共鍙兘灏�(d菐o)鑷撮潚灏戝勾鐘姜鐨勫師鍥� (Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include…)锛屼絾鎸囧嚭閫欎簺鐞嗚珫鎻愬嚭鐨勫洜鏋滈棞(gu膩n)绯婚倓鏈兘纰哄畾 (…a direct causal relationship has not yet been established)銆�
銆€銆€2003骞磋│椤屽叡鍏╂锛屽垎鍒ヨ鏄庢暀甯偤瀛�(xu茅)鐢熺祫绻旀椿鍕曟檪瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鍏╁€嬩富瑕佹柟闈�:(1) 鎻愪緵鍩归(y菐ng)鍦ㄧ兢楂旀椿鍕曚腑鎴愬姛鍦拌垏浠栦汉浜ゅ線鐨勬(j墨)鏈冧互骞姪闈掑皯骞村缓绔嬭嚜淇�;(2) 绲勭箶澶氭ǎ鎬х殑娲诲嫊浠ラ仼鎳�(y墨ng)闈掑皯骞磋垐瓒h綁(zhu菐n)绉诲揩鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
銆€銆€闄や簡娉ㄦ剰娈甸鍙ヨ純鏄庣⒑鐨勬彁绀哄強鐭枃鐨勬钀藉妰鍒嗗锛岄倓鍙埄鐢ㄦ枃涓棞(gu膩n)閸佃鍜岃鍖殑鐓ф噳(y墨ng)闂�(gu膩n)绯讳締鐩″揩鎶婃彙鐭枃涓婚銆�
銆€銆€渚嬪2006骞寸煭鏂囪◣璜栧公鍔╃劇瀹跺彲姝歌€呯殑鍟忛锛岄櫎闁嬬瘒涓夊彞閫g簩(x霉)浣跨敤“homeless, homelessness, homeless people”绛夊瓧妯e锛屽叏鏂囦笉鏂蜂娇鐢�“homeless population, homeless individuals, homeless adults”绛夊悓缇╄銆傛澶栵紝琛ㄧず浜烘暩(sh霉)涓嶆柗澧炲姞锛屽晱椤屾棩鐩婂毚(y谩n)閲嶇殑鏂囧瓧涔熷娆″嚭鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽“a growing percentage, this growing homeless population, homelessness has reached such proportions, the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million”銆傚悓妯�锛岃〃绀洪渶瑕佹彁渚涘公鍔╃殑瑭炲尟涔熻搏绌垮叏绡�锛屽“To help homeless people, Finding ways to assist …address the many needs of…”绛�銆�
銆€銆€2004骞存帰瑷庨潚灏戝勾鐘姜鍘熷洜鐨勭煭鏂囦腑闄�“鐞嗚珫(theories)”绛夊瓧妯e锛岄倓澶氭鍑虹従(xi脿n)“闈掑皯骞寸姱缃�”銆�“鍘熷洜”鍙婂叾鍚岀京瑭炪€佽繎缇╄鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)瑭烇細juvenile delinquency, commit crimes, criminal behavior, misdeeds, crime rates, offensive acts, criminal act銆傛澶�锛岃垏“闈掑皯骞�”鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勮鍖湁锛歽outh, children, families, parents, parental supervision, child绛�銆傝垏“鍘熷洜”鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勮鍖湁锛歝auses, contributing influence, to be an influence on…, identifiable causes, affect, lead to, for lack of, resulting, lead…into, tend to increase, a direct causal relationship绛�銆�
銆€銆€鍐嶅2003骞寸殑鐭枃锛�
銆€銆€Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 锛� but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.
銆€銆€In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 , they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
銆€銆€浣滆€呭湪鐭枃涓娆′娇鐢╪eed鍜宨mportant绛夎鍖�锛岄倓浣跨敤浜嗕竴绯诲垪鍚岀京瑭炴垨鐩搁棞(gu膩n)瑭�銆佸弽缇╄鎴�?q奴)顩�?y墨ng)瑭炵瓑锛屽锛�
銆€銆€(1)teachers—adults;
銆€銆€(2)young adults—typical teenage lifestyle—teenagers—young teens—students;
銆€銆€(3)emotional, intellectual and physical changes—growing bodies—new bodies—new intellectual and emotional challenges;
銆€銆€(4)achieving success—accomplishment—winners—successful;
銆€銆€(5)plan activities—a variety of small clubs—some kind of organization—organization—a variety of activities—organized;
銆€銆€(6)winners—losers 绛�銆�
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銆€銆€璜嬫敞鎰�2005骞寸殑鐭枃涓粦楂斿瓧鍜屾枩楂斿瓧鐨勬彁绀猴細
銆€銆€The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million.
銆€銆€Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send messages to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.
銆€銆€The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house, but we notice new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
銆€銆€鏈枃鍒嗘瀽浜嗕汉鍊�?y艒u)妲鍚瑰嚫寤婄鎯愪翰骞奸硾妯惧祳X宸ュ叿鐨勯潏鏁忔€�锛屽叡鍒嗕笁鍊嬭嚜鐒舵锛岄櫎鍙嶅京(f霉)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鑸�“浣庝及浜洪鍡呰”鍜�“浜洪瀵�(sh铆)闅涘梾瑕鸿兘鍔�”鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勬枃瀛楀锛屾瘡娈甸兘鏈夎〃绀哄師鍥犵殑鍙ュ瀷銆傜涓€娈垫枩楂斿瓧 are often thought to be insensitive smellers鍜� do not generally realize it绛夋寚鍑轰汉鍊�“浜洪鐨勫梾瑕轰笉濡傚嫊鐗╅潏鏁�”鐨勮獚(r猫n)璀樿鍗€(q奴)銆傜穵鎺ユ棣栧彞鐨刡ut this is largely because鍙ュ瀷鎻愬嚭鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熼尟瑾ょ湅娉曠殑鍘熷洜锛�“浜洪鐩寸珛琛岃蛋锛�”骞朵互琛ㄧず杞�(zhu菐n)鎶樺拰寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐨勯€f帴瑭炲紩鍏ヨ垏浜哄€戝父璀樹笉绗︾殑浜嬪(sh铆)锛�“鐒惰€岋紝浜嬪(sh铆)涓婃垜鍊戠殑鍡呰鏄サ鐐洪潏鏁忕殑锛屽嵆浣夸汉鍊戜竴鑸兘娌掓湁鎰忚瓨鍒伴€欎竴榛�(di菐n)銆�”绗簩娈靛悓妯e垎鏋愮偤浠€涔堟湁浜涗汉浼间箮灏嶆煇浜涙埃鍛充笉澶犻潏鏁�锛屽仛鍑鸿В閲嬩箣鍚庡悓妯g敤浜嬪(sh铆)瑾槑涓嶆噳(y墨ng)浣庝及浠栧€戠殑鍡呰鑳藉姏锛岄€欎簺浜虹殑鍡呰鏈�“绐佺劧璁婂緱鏁忔劅璧蜂締”銆傜涓夋浠he explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that…鍜孴his may also explain why…绛夊彞瀛愰€�(j矛n)涓€姝ヨВ閲嬩汉椤炲皪姘e懗浼间箮涓嶆晱鎰熺殑鍘熷洜锛�“鐐烘彁楂樺伐浣滄晥鐜囷紝浜鸿叇涓嶉渶瑕佽畵鎵€鏈夊梾瑕虹窗(x矛)鑳炲悓鏅傚伐浣�銆�”鍚屾ǎ鍦ㄦ彁鍑虹悊璜栦箣鍚庣郸鍑虹敓娲讳腑鐨勪緥瀛�銆�
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