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銆€銆€浜屻€�?锛熷顏沜(di菐n)鍙婅В椤屾€濊矾

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 涓婚
 鏂囬珨椤炲瀷
 
2007
 鏀挎不鍟忛
 娈栨皯鍦板湅(gu贸)瀹剁崹(d煤)绔嬪悗鐨勬敼闈�
 璀拌珫鏂�
 
2006
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 璀拌珫鏂�
 
2005
 绉戞櫘
 浜洪鐨勫梾瑕�
 瑾�(shu艒)鏄庢枃
 
2004
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 璀拌珫鏂�
 
2003
 鏁欒偛
 闈掑皯骞存椿鍕�(d貌ng)鐗归粸(di菐n)
 璀拌珫鏂�
 
2002
 闆讳俊
 閫氳▕闈╁懡鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曢€�(j矛n)绋�
 璀拌珫鏂�
 
2001
 鍌冲獟
 鏂拌仦绔嬫硶
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銆€銆€鐐洪伩鍏嶆柗绔犲彇缇╋紝鎳�(y墨ng)瑭插厛鐩″揩閫氳畝鍏ㄦ枃锛屽仛鍒板皪(du矛)鏂囩珷鏁撮珨鏈夋鎷殑鐞嗚В?锛熺剸鍖嶅柨x鐭枃鐨勫彟涓€鍊�(g猫)浣滅敤鏄湪鍙楀埌閬搁爡(xi脿ng)骞叉摼涔嬪墠锛屼娇鍘熸枃淇℃伅(鍗充綔鑰呮湰鎰�)鍦ㄩ牠鑵︿腑鍏堝叆鐐轰富銆傞洊鐒剁煭鏂囦腑鏈変笉灏戜汉鐐虹暀鍑虹殑绌虹櫧浣挎垜鍊戦柋璁€鏅�(sh铆)鎬濊矾涓嶉€ｈ搏锛屼絾鍛介鏅�(sh铆)澶氭渻(hu矛)鍦ㄤ綑涓嬬殑鏂囧瓧涓繚鐣欒冻澶犵殑淇℃伅渚涙垜鍊戞帹娓�(c猫)鍑轰綔鑰呴棥杩板晱椤岀殑瑙€榛�(di菐n)銆佹€濊矾锛岀敋鑷宠獮(y菙)姘ｃ€佹厠(t脿i)搴�銆�

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銆€銆€浠�2005骞寸殑鐭枃鐐轰緥銆傜涓€鍙ワ細The human nose is an underrated tool. 榛�(di菐n)鏄庡叏鏂囦富椤岋細浜哄€戝線寰€浣庝及浜洪鐨勯蓟瀛愪綔鐐哄梾瑕哄伐鍏风殑闈堟晱搴�銆�

銆€銆€鍐嶅2004骞磋│椤岀涓€鍙ワ細Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. 闁嬮杸瑕嬪北鍦版彁鍑烘枃绔犱富椤岋細瑷卞闂�(gu膩n)浜庨潚灏戝勾鐘姜鏍规簮鐨勭悊璜栧緸鍊�(g猫)楂旀垨绀炬渻(hu矛)鏂归潰灏嬫壘灏�(d菐o)鑷寸姱缃殑涓昏鍘熷洜銆�

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銆€銆€瑭︾湅2006骞寸煭鏂囩殑鍓嶄笁鍙ワ細The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. Indeed锛宧omelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can't possibly cope. To help homeless people toward independence, the federal government must… 绗竴鍙�“缇庡湅(gu贸)浜哄彛涓劇(w煤)瀹跺彲姝歌€呯殑姣斾緥瓒婁締(l谩i)瓒婂ぇ”锛屽紩鍑�“鐒�(w煤)瀹跺彲姝歌€呯殑鍟忛宸插毚(y谩n)閲嶅埌鍦版柟鏀垮簻鐒�(w煤)鍔涙噳(y墨ng)灏�(du矛)锛岃伅(li谩n)閭︽斂搴滃繀闋堥噰鍙栨帾鏂戒締(l谩i)骞姪閫欎簺浜�”鐨勪富椤�銆�

銆€銆€鍐嶇湅2003骞磋€冮鐨勬棣栧彞鑸囦富椤屽彞(绗簩鍙�)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙細

銆€銆€Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious thoughts to how they can best accommodate such changes.

銆€銆€鐭枃绗簩鍙ョ殑And…also绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)琛ㄦ槑鑸囧墠鍙ョ殑瑾�(y菙)鎰忕偤閬為€�(j矛n)闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽叾涓昏獮(y菙)鍜屽緸鍙ヤ腑鍏╂鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勪唬瑭瀟hey鍧囨寚浠ｅ墠鍙ョ殑teachers锛涜瑐瑾�(y菙)閲嶅京(f霉)浣跨敤鍕�(d貌ng)瑭瀗eed锛泂uch changes鎸囨棣栧彞鏄庣⒑琛ㄨ堪鐨�“骞磋紩浜烘墍缍�(j墨ng)鍙楃殑鎯呮劅銆佹櫤鍔涘拰韬珨鏂归潰鐨勮畩鍖�”銆傛妸鍏╁彞瑭辫伅(li谩n)绯昏捣渚�(l谩i)鐪�锛屾湰绡囩煭鏂囩殑涓婚渚块潪甯告竻妤氾細鎴愬勾浜�/鏁欏斧鎳�(y墨ng)閫氶亷(gu貌)绲勭箶閬╂噳(y墨ng)骞磋紩浜虹壒榛�(di菐n)鐨勬椿鍕�(d貌ng)鏇村ソ鍦板公鍔╁勾杓曚汉/瀛�(xu茅)鐢熷€戞垚闀�(zh菐ng)銆�

銆€銆€鍐嶅2002骞磋│椤岀殑鍓嶅叐鍙ワ細Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between.顎愮涓€鍙�“浜哄€戞妸20涓栫磤(j矛)鐨勯浕瑕栫殑鐧�(f膩)灞曟儏娉佽垏15鑷�16涓栫磤(j矛)鐨勫嵃鍒锋櫘鍙婄浉鎻愬苟璜�”鏄偤涓嬫枃浣滈嫪澧�锛涜綁(zhu菐n)鎶樿Yet琛ㄦ槑閫氳▕闈╁懡骞堕潪濮嬩簬19涓栫磤(j矛)锛屽緸鑰屽紩鍑轰富椤岋細鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)姝ｇ⒑鍦扮湅寰呴€氳▕闈╁懡鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋嬪強鍏跺奖闊�銆�

銆€銆€瑕佹兂鐩″揩鍦版妸鎻＄煭鏂囧師鎰忥紝閭勮娉ㄦ剰涓婚鐨勫睍闁嬫柟寮�锛屽嵆娉ㄦ剰鐭枃娈佃惤鐨勫妰鍒嗗強鍚勬鐨勪腑蹇冩€濇兂銆�

銆€銆€瑭︿互2006骞寸殑瑭﹂鐐轰緥銆傝◣璜栫編鍦�(gu贸)鐒�(w煤)瀹跺彲姝歌€呭晱椤岀殑鐭枃鏈夊叐鍊�(g猫)鑷劧娈�锛屽叾娈甸鍙ュ垎鍒ラ粸(di菐n)鍑鸿┎娈电殑涓績鎬濇兂锛氱編鍦�(gu贸)浜哄彛涓劇(w煤)瀹跺彲姝歌€呯殑姣斾緥瓒婁締(l谩i)瓒婂ぇ(The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population.)鍜屼换浣曞柈涓€鎺柦閮戒笉鑳芥湁鏁堝湴骞姪閫欎竴缇ら珨(Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.)銆備綔鑰呭湪鍒嗘瀽鐒�(w煤)瀹跺彲姝歌€呮祦钀借闋殑澶氱ó鍘熷洜涔嬪悗寮曠敤娆�(qu谩n)濞佽榛�(di菐n)鎻愬嚭瑙ｆ焙杈︽硶锛屽嵆鏀垮簻涓嶈兘鍙憲鐪间簬婊胯冻閫欎簺浜虹殑婧＝锛岄渶瑕�“绺介珨鍗�(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)锛岀稖鍚堟不鐞�(There has to be coordination of programs. What's needed is a package deal.)”锛岄灏惧懠鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽啀娆￠粸(di菐n)椤�銆�

銆€銆€2004骞磋│椤岀殑鐭枃鍏卞垎鍥涙銆傜涓€娈垫棣栧彞(Many theories…focus either on the individual or on society as…)涔嬪悗鐨勫叐鍙�(Theories centering on the individual suggest that…Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that …)鍒嗗垾浠嬬垂鍏╃ó鐞嗚珫鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�銆傚叾浣欎笁娈电殑娈甸鍙ラ兘鏄庣⒑鍦伴棥杩颁簡鍚勬鐨勪富椤岋細绗簩娈佃⿻(p铆ng)杩伴棞(gu膩n)娉ㄨ钵绐搴皫(d菐o)鑷村厭绔ョ姱缃殑鐞嗚珫(Most theories…have focused on children from disadvantaged families…)锛涚涓夋 (浠ュ氨妤�(y猫)鐐轰緥) 鎺㈣◣绀炬渻(hu矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)璁婂寲鍙兘鏄皫(d菐o)鑷撮潚灏戝勾鐘姜鐨勯枔鎺ュ師鍥� (Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates.)锛涚鍥涙涓昏璎涜堪绀炬渻(hu矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)璁婂寲鐨勫彟涓€鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰锛氬搴祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬敼璁� (Families have also experienced changes these years.)銆傜煭鏂囩祼(ji茅)灏炬彁鍑轰簡鍏朵粬鑻ュ共鍙兘灏�(d菐o)鑷撮潚灏戝勾鐘姜鐨勫師鍥� (Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include…)锛屼絾鎸囧嚭閫欎簺鐞嗚珫鎻愬嚭鐨勫洜鏋滈棞(gu膩n)绯婚倓鏈兘纰哄畾 (…a direct causal relationship has not yet been established)銆�

銆€銆€2003骞磋│椤屽叡鍏╂锛屽垎鍒ヨ(shu艒)鏄庢暀甯偤瀛�(xu茅)鐢熺祫绻旀椿鍕�(d貌ng)鏅�(sh铆)瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鍏╁€�(g猫)涓昏鏂归潰:(1) 鎻愪緵鍩归(y菐ng)鍦ㄧ兢楂旀椿鍕�(d貌ng)涓垚鍔熷湴鑸囦粬浜轰氦寰€鐨勬(j墨)鏈�(hu矛)浠ュ公鍔╅潚灏戝勾寤虹珛鑷俊;(2) 绲勭箶澶氭ǎ鎬х殑娲诲嫊(d貌ng)浠ラ仼鎳�(y墨ng)闈掑皯骞磋垐瓒ｈ綁(zhu菐n)绉诲揩鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆�

銆€銆€闄や簡娉ㄦ剰娈甸鍙ヨ純鏄庣⒑鐨勬彁绀哄強鐭枃鐨勬钀藉妰鍒嗗锛岄倓鍙埄鐢ㄦ枃涓棞(gu膩n)閸佃鍜岃鍖殑鐓ф噳(y墨ng)闂�(gu膩n)绯讳締(l谩i)鐩″揩鎶婃彙鐭枃涓婚銆�

銆€銆€渚嬪2006骞寸煭鏂囪◣璜栧公鍔╃劇(w煤)瀹跺彲姝歌€呯殑鍟忛锛岄櫎闁嬬瘒涓夊彞閫ｇ簩(x霉)浣跨敤“homeless, homelessness, homeless people”绛夊瓧妯ｅ锛屽叏鏂囦笉鏂蜂娇鐢�“homeless population, homeless individuals, homeless adults”绛夊悓缇╄銆傛澶�锛岃〃绀轰汉鏁�(sh霉)涓嶆柗澧炲姞锛屽晱椤屾棩鐩婂毚(y谩n)閲嶇殑鏂囧瓧涔熷娆″嚭鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽“a growing percentage, this growing homeless population, homelessness has reached such proportions, the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million”銆傚悓妯ｏ紝琛ㄧず闇€瑕佹彁渚涘公鍔╃殑瑭炲尟涔熻搏绌垮叏绡�锛屽“To help homeless people, Finding ways to assist …address the many needs of…”绛�銆�

銆€銆€2004骞存帰瑷庨潚灏戝勾鐘姜鍘熷洜鐨勭煭鏂囦腑闄�“鐞嗚珫(theories)”绛夊瓧妯ｅ锛岄倓澶氭鍑虹従(xi脿n)“闈掑皯骞寸姱缃�”銆�“鍘熷洜”鍙婂叾鍚岀京瑭�銆佽繎缇╄鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)瑭烇細juvenile delinquency, commit crimes, criminal behavior, misdeeds, crime rates, offensive acts, criminal act銆傛澶�锛岃垏“闈掑皯骞�”鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勮鍖湁锛歽outh, children, families, parents, parental supervision, child绛夈€傝垏“鍘熷洜”鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勮鍖湁锛歝auses, contributing influence, to be an influence on…, identifiable causes, affect, lead to, for lack of, resulting, lead…into, tend to increase, a direct causal relationship绛�銆�

銆€銆€鍐嶅2003骞寸殑鐭枃锛�

銆€銆€Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 锛� but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

銆€銆€In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 , they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

銆€銆€浣滆€呭湪鐭枃涓娆′娇鐢╪eed鍜宨mportant绛夎鍖�锛岄倓浣跨敤浜嗕竴绯诲垪鍚岀京瑭炴垨鐩搁棞(gu膩n)瑭�銆佸弽缇╄鎴�?q奴)顩�?y墨ng)瑭炵瓑锛屽锛�

銆€銆€(1)teachers—adults;

銆€銆€(2)young adults—typical teenage lifestyle—teenagers—young teens—students;

銆€銆€(3)emotional, intellectual and physical changes—growing bodies—new bodies—new intellectual and emotional challenges;

銆€銆€(4)achieving success—accomplishment—winners—successful;

銆€銆€(5)plan activities—a variety of small clubs—some kind of organization—organization—a variety of activities—organized;

銆€銆€(6)winners—losers 绛夈€�

銆€銆€鍊熷姪閫欎簺鐩搁棞(gu膩n)瑭炵祫鎴愮殑瑾�(y菙)鎰忛張鎴戝€戝彲浠ユ洿濂藉湴鎶婃彙涓婚锛氭暀甯噳(y墨ng)閲濆皪(du矛)闈掑皯骞寸殑鐗归粸(di菐n)绲勭箶娲诲嫊(d貌ng)浠ュ公鍔╁(xu茅)鐢熷€戞垚闀�(zh菐ng)銆�

銆€銆€璜�(q菒ng)娉ㄦ剰2005骞寸殑鐭枃涓粦楂斿瓧鍜屾枩楂斿瓧鐨勬彁绀猴細

銆€銆€The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million.

銆€銆€Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send messages to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.

銆€銆€The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house, but we notice new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

銆€銆€鏈枃鍒嗘瀽浜嗕汉鍊�?y艒u)妲鍚瑰嚫寤婄鎯愪翰骞奸硾妯惧祳X宸ュ叿鐨勯潏鏁忔€�锛屽叡鍒嗕笁鍊�(g猫)鑷劧娈�锛岄櫎鍙嶅京(f霉)鍑虹従(xi脿n)鑸�“浣庝及浜洪鍡呰”鍜�“浜洪瀵�(sh铆)闅涘梾瑕鸿兘鍔�”鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勬枃瀛楀锛屾瘡娈甸兘鏈夎〃绀哄師鍥犵殑鍙ュ瀷銆傜涓€娈垫枩楂斿瓧 are often thought to be insensitive smellers鍜� do not generally realize it绛夋寚鍑轰汉鍊�“浜洪鐨勫梾瑕轰笉濡傚嫊(d貌ng)鐗╅潏鏁�”鐨勮獚(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)瑾ゅ崁(q奴)銆傜穵鎺ユ棣栧彞鐨刡ut this is largely because鍙ュ瀷鎻愬嚭鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熼尟(cu貌)瑾ょ湅娉曠殑鍘熷洜锛�“浜洪鐩寸珛琛岃蛋锛�”骞朵互琛ㄧず杞�(zhu菐n)鎶樺拰寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐨勯€ｆ帴瑭炲紩鍏ヨ垏浜哄€戝父璀�(sh铆)涓嶇鐨勪簨瀵�(sh铆)锛�“鐒惰€岋紝浜嬪(sh铆)涓婃垜鍊戠殑鍡呰鏄サ鐐洪潏鏁忕殑锛屽嵆浣夸汉鍊戜竴鑸兘娌掓湁鎰忚瓨(sh铆)鍒伴€欎竴榛�(di菐n)銆�”绗簩娈靛悓妯ｅ垎鏋愮偤浠€涔堟湁浜涗汉浼间箮灏�(du矛)鏌愪簺姘ｅ懗涓嶅闈堟晱锛屽仛鍑鸿В閲嬩箣鍚庡悓妯ｇ敤浜嬪(sh铆)瑾�(shu艒)鏄庝笉鎳�(y墨ng)浣庝及浠栧€戠殑鍡呰鑳藉姏锛岄€欎簺浜虹殑鍡呰鏈�(hu矛)“绐佺劧璁婂緱鏁忔劅璧蜂締(l谩i)”銆傜涓夋浠he explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that…鍜孴his may also explain why…绛夊彞瀛愰€�(j矛n)涓€姝ヨВ閲嬩汉椤炲皪(du矛)姘ｅ懗浼间箮涓嶆晱鎰熺殑鍘熷洜锛�“鐐烘彁楂樺伐浣滄晥鐜�锛屼汉鑵︿笉闇€瑕佽畵鎵€鏈夊梾瑕虹窗(x矛)鑳炲悓鏅�(sh铆)宸ヤ綔銆�”鍚屾ǎ鍦ㄦ彁鍑虹悊璜栦箣鍚庣郸鍑虹敓娲讳腑鐨勪緥瀛愩€�

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銆€銆€鐗瑰垾瑾�(shu艒)鏄庯細鐢变簬鍚勬柟闈㈡儏娉佺殑涓嶆柗瑾�(di脿o)鏁磋垏璁婂寲锛屾柊娴恫(w菐ng)鎵€鎻愪緵鐨勬墍鏈夎€冭│淇℃伅鍍呬緵鍙冭€冿紝鏁珛(q菒ng)鑰冪敓浠ユ瑠(qu谩n)濞侀儴闁€鍏竷鐨勬寮忎俊鎭偤婧�(zh菙n)銆�